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Safe & Unsafe Mosquito Repellents for Infants
Dealing with mosquitoes is not easy and more so, when there is a baby you need to protect. You probably have already put all kinds of physical barriers to ensure mosquitoes do not make it inside your home at least the bedroom. However, they always find their way in, causing trouble to you and your family.
It does not end there. Bugs and other insects may also enter your home and trouble your baby, especially during the monsoon and winters. Making use of mosquito repellents is probably one of the best ways to drive away these insects. However, the question remains; are they good for the health of your baby?
Using mosquito repellents is not a very good (or safe) idea if you have an infant at home. Most of the mosquito repellents are harmful to babies. However, there are a few that you can use safely. Let’s look at them in detail.
Video: Mosquito Repellents for Babies - Which Ones Are Safe?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrfShLmGSOk
What Are Mosquito Repellents?
Anything that keeps mosquitoes away is a mosquito repellent. Mosquito coils, mosquito repellent lotions, mosquito repellent sprays etc. all fall under this category.
Different Mosquito Repellent for Babies
Mosquito repellents come in different shapes and forms and whether one is safe for the baby depends on its type. Mosquito repellents like coils and vaporisers give out unhealthy smoke that can harm your baby’s health. On the other hand, repellents like mosquito bands and nets are harmless. We’ll look at both the categories in detail.
1. Safe Mosquito Repellents
Protective Clothing
While this does not give 100% results, this is something that you can try to keep most of your baby’s body protected from mosquitoes. Make your baby wear a bodysuit or a onesie to minimise the area of the baby’s skin that is exposed. If the temperature outside is relatively warm, keep your baby inside in a cool room and do not make him wear an undershirt. If you have opted for a shirt and pant, make sure your baby’s tummy is covered properly with an inner to avoid exposing any skin.
Cover the baby’s feet with socks and hands with cotton mittens while he is asleep. One can make use of a hat with a broad brim to ward off any insects from the face. Dress your baby in light-coloured clothes as dark-coloured ones will attract more mosquitoes. Avoid floral prints too, as they can attract other insects.
Gels, Creams, Body Sprays, Wipes, Roll-ons
Using one of these is probably one of the best ways to keep mosquitoes and other insects away from your baby’s skin. However, remember, that the effects of these gels and creams last only for few hours, after which you will need to reapply these again.
Do not think that applying too much of these will offer more protection. By doing this, you will be exposing your baby’s skin to toxins, which is not required. Apply the required amount on your baby’s exposed skin. Make sure to go through the instructions thoroughly to know when you need to reapply the cream again, so that your baby always stays protected.
If you have an infant or your baby is less than eight weeks old, do not use a repellent that has chemicals. Look for repellents that come with natural ingredients, so that there is minimal chance of any adverse reaction with the baby’s skin. Mosquito repellent creams that contain lemon eucalyptus or PMD (the synthetic form of eucalyptus) should be avoided when it comes to children less than thirty-six months of age.
Mosquito Nets
This is the MOST effective mosquito repellent if you can use it in the right way. What’s the best part of using a net? They have zero negative effects on your baby’s health.
One can buy nets of all sizes. There are mosquito nets for infants and there are nets for baby’s cot and for family beds as well. Mosquito nets are designed for strollers and prams too. Portable mosquito nets are also available, which you can use to cover the baby wherever he sleeps.
However, you cannot use mosquito nets for the entire day, as it can be troublesome when you must feed or change your baby’s diaper frequently at night.
A mosquito net is the best choice when you are sleeping with your baby or your baby does not wake up during the night or he is weaned.
2. Unsafe Mosquito Repellents
Liquid Vaporiser
This is probably the most common mosquito repellent that is being used in households. Plug-in vaporisers usually contain harmful chemicals and inhaling these are not good for your baby’s health. Inhaling these harmful fumes can cause breathing problems and aggravate existing ones. It can also cause allergies and irritate your baby’s eyes.
Consider putting the vaporiser on for a limited duration to eliminate all the mosquitoes. Turn it off well in advance so that the baby isn’t troubled by the smell in the room.
Foams and Sprays
Pest control foams and sprays are hazardous for your baby. They may cause severe respiratory problems for them. Those planning on using foams and sprays must ensure that there is no route of escape for the mosquitoes in the room. Also, the baby should be left outside until the odour of the foam/spray has subsided.
Fumes and sprays prevent mosquitoes and other insects from entering a certain area. They do not offer protection against mosquito and insect bites. This makes them effective only when they are used in addition to other effective mosquito repellents.
Coils
Coils, when used for a long time and when burned indoors, can cause breathing problems and allergies. They produce smoke and there are studies that claim that coils can cause lung cancer. Place coils at all the openings to keep mosquitoes away from the room. Do not use coils inside rooms.
Plug-in Mats
The fumes from plug-in mats are toxic in the same way as liquid vaporisers are. So, it is always a good idea to keep them away from your baby.
Mosquito Bands and Patches
Clothing strips and wristbands laced with DEET can keep away mosquitoes for over 4 hours. The potency depends on DEET’s concentration in the product. Most experts do not support this method as a safety mechanism for babies as far as mosquitoes are concerned.
Mosquito Rackets
Physical barriers are always the best option for babies when it comes to getting rid of mosquitoes. You can use these rackets to kill mosquitoes in the area. However, these rackets do not provide protection to mosquito bites and should be used along with other forms of mosquito repellents.
Rackets are battery-charged and they kill the mosquito upon contact. If you are using this, you need to make sure that your baby is not playing with this.
Essential Oils
Candles and incense giving out natural scents that mosquitos are averse to. However, these are not as potent as the chemical based repellents. Scents like eucalyptus, lemongrass, lavender, neem, cedar, and citronella can help repel mosquitoes.
One must exercise caution, as most of the essential oils come with a strong scent and direct contact with the skin of the baby must be avoided. Most of these oils are considered unsafe for babies under the age of two years. Using on the skin can cause allergies. Read the product label well before using it.
Is It Safe to Use Mosquito Repellents With Infants Around?
The answer to this question lies on the type of the mosquito repellent that you plan to use. It is best to not use mosquito repellents like coils and pest control fumes and sprays when your baby is around. Keep your baby away from liquid vaporisers and mats as well. Natural mosquito repellent creams, body sprays, and gels and mosquito nets are the safest options you have.
Why Should You Use Insect Repellents?
It is more than a necessity to use insect repellents, as protective clothing alone cannot offer 100% protection to your baby. Also, you cannot keep your baby inside a mosquito net 24x7. Mosquito bites and insect bites can irritate your baby’s skin and cause itching. Mosquitoes are also carriers of malaria and dengue virus, which can be life-threatening.
How Do Mosquito Repellents Work?
The working of each mosquito repellent is different. Most of the repellents simply keep the mosquitoes at bay but do not kill them and there are few that kill the mosquitoes. The time duration for which the mosquito repellent stays effective depends on its type and its ingredients.
Which Repellent is Best for My Baby?
Choosing the right type of mosquito repellent for your baby depends on factors like your baby’s age, the effectiveness of the type of repellent etc.
Refer to the table below to know the best baby friendly mosquito repellent:
Type of Mosquito Repellent
Pros
Cons
Safety precautions
Creams, lotions, roll-on sticks, wipes, and body sprays
Offers mobile protection to your child
Effective both indoors and outdoors
Effective for not more than 4-5 hours, after which a reapplication is required
May cause allergic reaction and irritation
If your baby is less than 2 months of age, use creams and lotions with not more than 30% DEET, or IR3535, or picaridin. Also, do not spray directly on your baby’s face. Instead, take some in your hand and rub it on your baby’s face. Do not spray on wounds and cuts as well. If you are using body sprays, spray them in open areas, so that your baby does not breathe it in. Apply after the application of sunscreen.
Mosquito Nets
Effective both indoors and outdoors and has no negative health effects
Needs to be maintained and checked for holes regularly
Useless if mosquitoes get trapped inside
Ensure that the net is tied to the corners of the bed properly and there is enough room for your baby to breathe properly. In case of ‘place from the top’ nets, buy sturdy ones, so that they do not collapse.
Liquid Vaporisers
Suitable for a limited area
Contains chemicals that might not be safe for the baby to inhale
Fumes from vaporisers can cause breathing issues and allergies, and eye irritation
Does not work during power cuts, as the device works on electricity
It is best to keep the baby away from the room where the vaporiser has been switched on. Take the baby inside only after switching off the device. Keep the device out of reach of toddlers and children. The liquid used in vaporisers is toxic and cause serious troubles if swallowed. The baby should not touch the electrical point of the device as well, as it can lead to electrocution.
Pest Control Fumes and Sprays
These are highly effective in a limited area.
Fumes and sprays are not good for the baby. Inhaling the fumes can cause breathing problems and allergies.
Keep your baby away from home when spraying the surroundings and inside of your home with pest control fumes.
Once treatment is over, open windows and doors to ensure the fumes go out of your home. Bring the baby inside only when the smell is gone completely.
Coils
Coils are highly effective in a limited area
Coils give out toxic smokes while burning and this can cause allergies and breathing problems
Coils can cause lung cancer if used on a regular basis for a long term
Fire risk is involved if not burnt in the correct way
Don’t use coils in closed rooms where family members are present.
Always burn a coil outside your home, in front of doors and windows, to keep away mosquitoes.
Also, burn the coil on a metal stand and away from things that are flammable.
Mats
Suitable for indoor usage and a limited area.
Gives out poisonous fumes that can cause allergies and breathing problems
Does not work during power cuts, as the device works on electricity
Do not use in closed rooms and use it away from your family members
If you are using mats, keep the baby away from the room and bring him inside after switching off the device and ventilating the room
Natural repellents and essential oils
Works only in a limited area.
Are not as effective as chemical repellents and work for a short time
Don’t use essential oils directly on your baby’s skin.
Mosquito zappers and rackets
Work both indoors and outdoors and come with zero health effects.
You need to use these physically, every time, to kill mosquitoes that are hovering around
Need regular recharging
Make sure toddlers and children are not playing with the racket.
Tips for Using Mosquito Repellents for Babies
When using chemical repellents, make sure the baby is not inside the room. Bring the baby inside only after switching off the device and ventilating the room. Maintaining infant safety from mosquito repellents is important.
Learn About DEET & DEET-Free Insect Repellents
The most common chemical that is used in mosquito repellent creams and lotions are DEET, IR3535, or picaridin. These do not only repel mosquitoes but work as baby safe bug repellents too.
However, don’t use any of these if your baby is less than 2 months old. You can take the natural route, and opt for essential oils or repellents with natural plant oils.
Coping with Bug Bites in Babies
Wrap ice cubes in a towel or take a cool washcloth and apply that on the affected area. If your baby is above two months, you can also apply a paste of baking soda and water on the bites to ease the irritation. Take your baby to a doctor, in case of an infection.
Other Remedies to Keep Mosquitoes Away
Neem is a great natural mosquito repellent for babies. Burn neem leaves to keep away mosquitoes. Tea tree and bath oils, yeast, garlic, cloves, and limes can also be used as natural mosquito repellents.
Suggested Baby Insect Repellents
Mosquito bats and mosquito nets are the safest options for babies. You can also use fabric roll-ons and mosquito patches but make sure to check the ingredients. Mats and liquid vaporisers are safe too, but use them with caution. Lotions are suitable only for babies above two months.
One has numerous options to choose from when it comes to protecting kids against these tiny trouble-makers. The focus should always be on methods that cause the least harm and can be used in addition to the more potent ones. Read more
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15 Best Gift Ideas for a 5-year-old Girl
Infused with abundant curiosity and energy, five-year-olds can bowl you over with their winning charm and dazzling smiles. The joy that they experience on being gifted something unique is unmatched and unparalleled. Some 5-year-olds love to play pretend, some love to create, and some love to just let their imagination go wild. Each child has their own individual levels of interest, and it is based on those factors that one should make the choice for the ideal gift for kids.
Things to Consider While Choosing a Gift for 5-year-old Girls
At the age of 5, children do have lengthier attention spans. Girls, especially, are more mature than boys and tend to show a preference for learning new things and adapting themselves to the environment around them. To help them improve their level of focus, toys, games and activities that can hold their concentration for a long time are the ideal choices for great gifts. Five is the age when kids generally start school. So the best option would be to opt for a gift that will help with their education and also be fun at the same time. Toys which require a particular skill or something that garners and nurtures their native interest is the best way to start.
15 Innovative Gift Ideas for Your Five-year-old Girl
What do you get a 5-year-old for her birthday? Amazing gifts like princess dolls, mermaids, unicorn merchandise, tech toys, and more are the first things that spring to your mind. Take a look at these fantastic choices to just narrow down your decision for birthday gifts for 5-year-old girls.
1. A Karaoke Machine
Your little girl or anyone aged 5 would show a sense of rhythm by that age. A karaoke machine or a hand-held microphone with inbuilt tunes are sure to awaken the musical genius in her and make her feel like a rock star. Most of these machines can be easily connected to the television. This can be the perfect way for her to spend time with the family, because it doesn't just make for a great gift for the little girl, but for the entire family!
2. An E-book reader
It’s the day and age of technology, and kids today are super tech-savvy. If you are opposed to the idea of tablets, but want something that can store a lot of books, an e-book reader is a perfect choice. This is one way for you to inculcate the habit of reading in your little girl, and also, to have a ready collection of her favourite books in case you're travelling on holiday with her and need to keep her entertained.
3. Lego
Lego toys for a 5-year-old baby girl is another ideal gift choice. Girls can put their fine motor skills to use with this set and build monuments. Legos are a great way to hone building and structure skills in your 5-year-old. You may be surprised by the creativity that comes forth.
4. Remote-controlled cars
Who says girls don’t love cars? Your 5-year-old may love to race her car around the house. If you know that your daughter will enjoy this, it can be a great choice for her. While you’re at it, there are trucks, aeroplanes, and more to choose from.
5. A Magic Set
If your kid has shown any interest in magic before, you can get a starter magic kit for her. You can also get this if you want to encourage her to build her creativity. Kids love tricks and your little girl will love it more when she can trick you with her skills.
6. A Bedroom Makeover
This is something your baby girl will get to experience every day as she goes to bed. Get her bedding which has pictures of her favourite movie characters and she’ll love you for it. Let her dreams be filled with castles and dragons, and of princesses just like her!
7. A Clay Set
From getting messy to creating art, playing with a clay set is the perfect little way for your little girl to spend her playtime. Your little girl will enjoy making new creations of her own with this clay set.
8. Musical Instruments
From toy pianos to guitars, you can gift your little girl an instrument to spark her interest in music. You never know - this may turn out to be her true calling in the future, and gifting her an instrument may just lay the foundation for it!
9. A Hair Accessories Craft Kit
A fun craft kit for girls and their pyjama parties, with everything to create beautiful hair accessories in different colours and patterns, can make her absolutely thrilled.
10. A Jewellery Kit
For your little fashionista - a jewellery set lets your girl experiment with her innate sense of style and create necklaces and pendants that could make for gifts for her friends.
11. A Dollhouse
A dollhouse may be a dream for many girls. Playing 'house' with dolls living in a spectacular dollhouse is enough to get your girl imagining fun stories. The many different pieces will contribute to the stories she can create and will spark her imagination.
12. Books
From fairytales to fun facts, there are several books that cater to 5-year-olds that can make for the perfect gift. Inculcate a reading habit in your daughter early on, so that she can go on to be socially and academically ahead of her peers with good communication and language skills.
13. A Bicycle
This is the perfect age to get your daughter her first bicycle. Make this gift a memorable one that she will cherish for life, as apart from the bike itself, learning how to ride one will be a wonderful experience for her.
14. Puzzles & Board Games
Puzzles and board games like Monopoly, Chess, Snakes & Ladder, etc., can be great options to keep her occupied. These are gifts that can serve her for years to come and help her built her intellect in the meantime.
15. Journal
Writing is something that needs to be cultivated from a very young age, and a journal will encourage your girl to pen down her memories and develop her language too.
Even with so many choices, you may still seem to find yourself racking your brains to find the perfect gift. Just remember you do not have to spend a lot of money on your 5-year-old - each age is a milestone, and each gift could help her polish her skills and talents, as long as it is age-appropriate and keeps her engaged.
Also Read:
Birthday and Festive Gift Ideas for Kids
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Amniocentesis Test
Confirmation of a pregnancy is happy news for any family. Everybody longs for a healthy child, and prenatal tests are the best way to determine if the unborn child suffers from any chromosomal anomaly. Amniocentesis is one such test that helps detect any chromosomal abnormalities in a foetus. A doctor normally recommends amniocentesis between the 15th and 18th week of pregnancy. The accuracy of such test is upto 99.4%.
What is Amniocentesis?
Amniocentesis (also known as an amniotic fluid test) is a procedure carried out medically, and is used in the prenatal diagnosis of the abnormalities of chromosomes and foetal infections and also for determination of the sex of the baby. Amniotic fluid surrounds and protects the baby during pregnancy. This fluid contains foetal cells and various chemicals produced by the baby. In this procedure, a small sample of the amniotic fluid which contains the foetal tissues is taken from the amniotic sac surrounding the developing foetus, and then the foetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities. The reason for undergoing an “amnio” (as it is colloquially referred to) is to find out whether the baby has any genetic disorder.
The procedure is conducted under local anaesthesia where the amniotic fluid is extracted through the insertion of the needle through the wall of the uterus and finally into the amniotic sac. Ultrasound guidance is used for extracting the amniotic fluid.
Although the amniocentesis genetic testing is considered a safe option, it is an invasive diagnostic test that does pose potential risks to the mother and foetus. Women of all ages should be recommended first- and second-trimester screening and diagnostic testing options.
Who Should Opt for Amniocentesis?
Any pregnant woman above the age of 35 is recommended this test, because they face an increased risk of having a child with a chromosomal abnormality. The doctor may also recommend this test if there is a family history of genetic disease or abnormality of chromosomes or if your alpha-fetoprotein levels, multiple marker screening tests or ultrasound have yielded suspicious results.
How Much Does Amniocentesis Test Cost in India?
The cost of the amniocentesis procedure depends on the doctor, lab and the tests being performed. The cost of amniocentesis in India can start from Rs. 8000 and can go up to Rs. 15,000.
Why Do People Perform an Amniocentesis Test?
If your pregnancy falls under the high-risk pregnancy category (due to any case-specific complications, or because of your age, etc.), you will be advised to take the amniocentesis test. Following insights you may get as a result of performing this test support the argument for it.
Amniocentesis test is used for diagnosing any chromosomal or foetal problems during early pregnancy. Amnio test for Down Syndrome is such an example. Other examples include:
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18
Other genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease or Tay-Sachs disease can also be detected. The test is used to determine the exact reason for the disorders and is not conducted to look for them.
Neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly, are determined by assessing the amount of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid.
The amniocentesis test can help predict foetal lung maturity. In pregnancies greater than 30 weeks, the foetal lung maturity is determined by testing the quantity of surfactant in the amniotic fluid. The production of surfactant can be correlated by several tests.
This test can also be used to detect other problems such as:
Infection, in which amniocentesis can detect a decreased glucose level, showing any bacteria or an abnormal count of white blood cells.
Rh incompatibility this is a complex condition that can occur if your blood is a different type than that of your baby
Polyhydramnios decompression
Although the amniocentesis test can help diagnose these conditions, it cannot measure the severity of the same. Amniocentesis procedure also does not detect all birth defects. It must be remembered that this test is not appropriate for everyone. In case you have an infection such as HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B or C then this test can cause infections to be transferred to your baby at the time of the test procedure. Amniocentesis for DNA paternity testing is a very common procedure.
When to Perform Amniocentesis?
The amniocentesis test provides insights and information about your baby's genetics. Hence the option for amniocentesis is suggested when the results of the test might have a significant impact on your pregnancy or your desire to proceed with it or not.
The test should be preferably done between the 15th and 20th week during pregnancy. Amniocentesis procedure conducted before the week 15th week can be the cause for high level complications.
You may consider the amniocentesis test if -
The result of a prenatal test came out positive
The screening test result has come out positive, like the first trimester or pre-natal cell free DNA screening tests are positive. In such a case you may want to opt for the amniocentesis test to verify the diagnosis
There is a chromosomal abnormality or a defect of the neural tube from an earlier pregnancy
Your last pregnancy was affected by Down Syndrome or neural tube defect, which is a serious condition that affects the brain or spinal cord. Then you can undergo the procedure to confirm these disorders
You are 35 years of age or older. Babies who are born to women who are 35 years and more have a higher possibility of chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome.
You have a history in your family or your spouse is a carrier of any genetic disorder
Your ultrasound findings are abnormal. You may go in for this test to rule out any genetic condition associated with the abnormal ultrasound finding.
How to Prepare for the Amniocentesis Test?
Amniocentesis is a test conducted in the prenatal stage in which a small portion of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac around the foetus for testing under ultrasound guidance. Your doctor will brief you about the entire procedure and you can ask questions if required.
A form has to be signed by you which will give the doctor approval to do the test. The form should be read carefully and clarified if required. Generally, there are no special limits on diet or activity before an amniocentesis.
You will need to highlight the following to the doctor -
Any allergies to medicines or anaesthesia.
Highlight any medicines (prescribed by doctor or over-the-counter) and type of supplements that you are taking.
If you have any past history of a bleeding disorder or if you are taking any blood-thinning medicines or any medicine that affects clotting of blood. These medications might need to be stopped before the amniocentesis procedure.
Your blood type is Rh -ve. While the amniocentesis procedure is being conducted, blood cells from the mother and foetus can mix leading to Rh sensitivity and break down of the foetal red blood cells.
Preferably this test should be conducted when the bladder is full as the uterus is in a better condition for the procedure, in case it is conducted during early pregnancy. If the test is conducted during later pregnancy the bladder should be empty.
You will be required to follow any other instructions your doctor gives you to get ready for the test.
What is Amniocentesis Procedure?
Amniocentesis is a step by step procedure, so you will not need to stay in the hospital. You can return home after a brief observation period and will be instructed to rest for the next 24 hours.
The doctor first conducts the ultrasound to determine the baby's location in the uterus. In amniocentesis, ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create the image of the baby.
Post the ultrasound a numbing medication is applied on the belly. The ultrasound results help in the exact location for inserting the amniocentesis needle. It is inserted through the belly into the womb. A small amount of the amniotic fluid is withdrawn. This takes about 2 minutes.
The results of tests on your amniotic fluid are available within a few days.
How Does the Test Feel Like?
Amniocentesis test is not painful; however, you may feel uncomfortable during the procedure. The pain felt during the test is similar to the pain in periods. You may also feel a pressure when the needle is taken out.
What Does Amniocentesis Test Results Show?
The most common test done on an amniocentesis sample is a chromosome test, to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities.
To analyse the chromosomes completely, the cells from the amniotic fluid must be grown first.
The final result is usually available within 2 weeks of the test being done.
You may go in for a more rapid preliminary result known as the FISH test within 24-48 hours.
If amniocentesis is performed to test for an infection or specific genetic condition your doctor will be able to tell you how long it will take to get the results. In few cases, in order to be able to interpret the results better, a chromosome test on a blood sample from the parents or further tests on the baby might also be required. In only 0.1% of the cases, a result cannot be obtained from the sample obtained and a repeat test is required.
How Accurate is an Amniocentesis Test?
The accuracy levels of an amniocentesis test are high (between 98-99%). Although the probabilities of identification are very high, the test does not measure the extremity of these birth defects.
If your test results are normal, then your baby most likely does not have any genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. Normal test results will confirm that your baby would be born with no abnormalities.
Abnormal results may mean that your baby has some genetic problem or serious birth defect. It is advisable that you discuss all test results with your doctor and partner so that you can make an informed decision about whether or not to continue your pregnancy.
Risks of Amniocentesis on Mother and Foetus
The amniocentesis procedure carries some risks as well. Some of the amniocentesis complications are as follows –
Leakage of the amniotic fluid: There is a rare chance that the fluid leaks out through the vagina after amniocentesis procedure. In most cases, the loss of the fluid is less and stops within a week, and the pregnancy proceeds normally.
Miscarriage: If the amniocentesis test is conducted in the 2nd trimester then it may carry a risk of miscarriage (about 0.6% chances). As per research, the risk of miscarriage is high if amniocentesis is done before the 15th week of pregnancy. A certain percentage of women do miscarry during the 2nd trimester anyway. However, there is no confirmed way to determine whether miscarriage happened due to amniocentesis.
Needle injury: There may be a chance that the baby may move an arm or leg in the path of the needle.
Rh sensitisation. This is a rare possibility when the baby’s blood cells enter the bloodstream of the mother. If you have an Rh -ve blood group and you have not developed antibodies to Rh +ve blood, then an injection will be given to you with a Rh immune globulin after the procedure. This will prevent your body from producing any Rh antibodies that can cause damage to the red blood cells of the baby. Whether antibodies have been produced or not can be determined through a blood test.
Uterine Infection: Uterine infection is rare post-amniocentesis procedure, but it helps to stay alert to the possibility.
Infection transmission: If you are infected with Hepatitis B or C or HIV/AIDS it might be transferred to the baby during the amniocentesis procedure.
Cramps after amniocentesis: You might feel slight cramps after the amniocentesis procedure.
Amniocentesis vs CVS:
Similarities:
Amniocentesis and Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) both are prenatal diagnostic procedures used to diagnose/detect foetal genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.
Both increase the risk of miscarriage.
Unlike other genetic tests, amniocentesis and CVS test procedures are performed directly on the baby as opposed to the parents, which means that the knowledge about the health of the baby is more concrete. The tests performed on parents can only give approximate information of whether the child might inherit any particular genetic illnesses. Amniocentesis and CVS are actually follow-up tests that determine whether or not a child has inherited any genetic illness.
Differences:
CVS can be performed at various stages of pregnancy, while amniocentesis can only be performed between the 15th and 20th week, CVS is usually performed between the 12th week of pregnancy (between the 10th and 14th week).
Amniocentesis is done by inserting a needle in the womb into the amniotic sac with the guidance of ultrasound whereas CVS is done either through the abdomen or through the opening of the womb, the cervix. CVS actually takes out a small sample of the placenta.
There is a chance of miscarriage at the rate of around 0.5-1%, in amniocentesis whereas CVS actually has a higher risk of miscarriage than amniocentesis. The chance of miscarriage in CVS is thought to be between 1 and 2%.
Benefits of Amniocentesis Test
The amniocentesis test confirms if any chromosomal abnormality is present in the foetus that may have been detected by other tests, such as blood tests.
It offers a specific diagnosis of chromosomal or genetic abnormality prior to the birth of the child. You can take an informed decision on whether to proceed with the pregnancy.
Amniocentesis helps in the diagnosis of other hereditary defects depending on family history.
It allows for the early preparation for a child with any birth defect or an early decision making as to whether to proceed with the pregnancy or not.
The amniocentesis is a diagnostic test which helps detect chromosomal abnormalities, neural tube defects and genetic disorders. Some women opt for screening and then make a decision about the diagnostic test. Others opt for the diagnostic testing right away as they may know that they are at a higher risk for a chromosomal abnormality which cannot be detected by screening. Read more
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Your child may be a misfit in the usual or traditional school and you may have been suggested to opt for alternative schools for your child. You may have all sorts of queries and concerns about such schools. Well, we shall make endeavours in easing your worries, because in this article, we will discuss all you need to know about alternative schools and whether or not it is a right choice for your child.
What Is an Alternative School and Which Child Can Attend It?
Our society is filled with taboos, especially when we drift away for what is considered normal - this same rule may apply for your child’s school system as well. You may find yourself a bit sceptical in taking the decision of sending your child to an alternative school because of the various taboos attached to this kind of education system, but his needs would be met optimally in a non-traditional or alternative school system. In simple words, alternative school means a place where your child’s different or special educational needs are met, which may arise due to safety, behaviour or disciplinary concerns. If he falls under any of the following categories, you can think of an alternative school system for your child:
If your child has specialized academic talents or interests
If your kid has dropped out or is on the verge of dropping out of school
If your child suffers from emotional or behavioural issues
If your child suffers from a learning disability, requires special medical attention or suffers from other kinds of disabilities
Do Alternative Schools Differ From Traditional Schools?
An alternative school differs considerably from a traditional school. Mostly the structure of the school depends on the students’ needs and requirements. For more individualised attention to the students, the child-instructor ratio is kept in mind. Unlike traditional schools, there are fewer students in each class so that better interaction can happen. While some alternative schools may be lenient with the discipline, there are some schools that have staunch discipline and rules. Sometimes alternative schools may run night classes or classes during the weekends too. Also, such schools may have special services like counsellors, special education experts, behavioural experts, social skills trainers, etc. In all such aspects, alternative schools are different from traditional schools.
Types of Alternative Schools Available in India
In India, the alternative educational system has been in practice for a long time. The ‘Gurukul’ and ‘Vedic’ system of education that goes way back into our history has its roots in this kind of educational system only. By inculcating the reasoning and rational thinking in the students, the education system focused on acquisition of occupational skills, spiritual and cultural enlightenment. With various foreign invasions, the education system shifted to our present day education system. In the present scenario, the following are the various kinds of alternative school types available in India or alternative schooling options in India:
1. Schools Following Montessori Approach
Such kind of education system works on the principle that young children should be integrated towards self-directed learning. The educational atmosphere should let the children decide and choose how they wish to learn and spend their time at school. Most elementary and preschools nowadays work on these principles of imparting alternative education. There are no tests, grades or formal forms of assessments that the child needs go through. It is not a structured teacher-driven curriculum, but it is a child-driven curriculum. These kinds of schools also provide good academic and social skills to the students.
2. Schools Following Harkness Approach
Schools based on Harkness principles discard the traditional look of a class where the teacher writes on the blackboard and children sit facing the board and learn about the concepts taught by the teacher. Rather, this method propagates that teacher and students sit together around a round table and share their insights, queries, doubts and understanding of a particular topic. Children discuss their opinions, and the main role of the teacher becomes to engage every child. This method of teaching works very well in a small group of children and it encourages maximum participation on the part of the child.
3. Schools Following Steiner or Waldorf Approach
The schools following this kind of curriculum believe that for the first seven years of a child’s life there should be sensory-based learning only. The children are made to interact with each other and interact with the environment rather than made to sit in a traditional setting and taught in a traditional manner. The curriculum states that children should learn to write first and then learn to read. It stresses the point that children should not be taught to read before seven years of age. There are people who criticise this method of teaching as they believe that this teaching method lays stress on teaching about religion; however, that may not be true.
4. Schools Following Reggio Emilia Approach
The schools following this approach of teaching target mainly towards educating children between 3 to 6 years of age. This teaching technique propagates the belief system that young children are very capable, competent and curious individuals. Therefore, they should be in an educational environment which should be combined with self-guided learning and mutual respect that is shared by teachers and students. The teachers do not feed ready-made answers to the children, but explore the topics together and the teacher also helps the children in finding the answers themselves.
What Are the Requirements for Alternative School Admission?
There are no specific admission requirements for alternative schools, but sometimes your child may be required to appear for some screening process or tests before the admission. But mostly it is your child who has to take the final call. Therefore, before you make the decision of putting your child in an alternative school, it is very important that you talk to your child about it. Tell your child why he is required to attend this kind of school while his other friends go to other kinds of school. There is no hard and fast criterion for the admission in such schools because you only have to decide whether you are okay with this kind of arrangement or you wish to opt for other options. Your child may get referred by his traditional school if he is unable to cope academically, emotionally or due to other such reasons.
Pros and Cons of Alternative Schools
Every kind of educational system comes with pros and cons. It is about weighing the advantages and disadvantages of alternative schools before deciding that you want to consider this option for your child. Following are some pros and cons of alternative schools programs:
Pros
Some of the pros of this education system include the following:
The class strength or size is smaller than a traditional school, which means a better student-teacher ratio and thus better grasping by the child.
Such educational institutes usually follow a wide variety of teaching techniques. This means that if your child is not comfortable with one method of teaching, another method may be tried to clear the concepts.
Such schools have flexible class-schedules and they may offer classes on weekends and even on Sundays or holidays.
Mostly there are no formal assessment techniques adopted, or conventional grades may not be given to the child. This means more emphasis is laid towards teaching than assessing the child.
There are trained teachers who are there to help and guide children with special needs.
The curriculum is decided or is integrated to lend maximum benefits to the child.
Cons
Some of the cons of the system are discussed below:
If the child is shifted from a traditional school he may not adjust well, and sometimes the child may resent going to school.
The lack of competition or formal assessment technique may make the child lenient towards his studies.
The social stigma attached to such schools may sometimes intimidate the parents or the child.
Therefore, it is important that the decision to send your child to an alternative school is a well-thought and a deliberate decision.
It is normal for the parents and sometimes even children to feel all jittery and anxious at the thought of considering alternative school option. There is no need to panic, because you may try other options to provide education to your child. You can try homeschooling, cyber schooling and other such options. Also, in some cases, a mere change in a traditional school may do the trick and the child may start improving. However, this may not be viable or hold true in all cases. It is important that you get child counselled before you admit him in an alternative school.
Also Read:
Tips for Choosing the Best School for Your Child
Unexpected Benefits of Homeschooling
Pros and Cons of Getting Education at Boarding School Read more
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शिशु और बच्चों के स्वास्थ्य से जुड़ी कुछ महत्वपूर्ण जानकारियां
जब से मेरी बेटी हुई है मैंने उसके आस पास हमेशा साफ सफाई का ख्याल रखा है। एक सैनिटाइजर की बॉटल हमेशा मेरे बैग, बिस्तर, और टेबल के ऊपर मिल जाएगी। मैंने अक्सर देखा जब भी कोई उससे मिलने आता, तो उनमें से कुछ लोग तो हाथ धोते या सैनिटाइजर का प्रयोग करते, लेकिन कुछ बिल्कुल भी नहीं करते। मुझे समझ नहीं आता कि क्यों बार बार एक ही चीज को दोहराना पड़ता है कि हाथ धो लो, सैनिटाइजर लगा लो। घर आने जाने वालों का भी यही हाल है। नीचे पार्क में घूमाने जाओ वहाँ भी वही हाल देखने को मिलता है। बच्चे को प्यार जताने के लिए गंदे हाथ से छूना ज़रूरी नहीं है। अपने घर में साफ सफाई रखने से हमें सर्दी, जुखाम और मौसमी बुखार नहीं होता है। उसका सिर्फ यही कारण है। बेटी को जब वायरल हुआ तो, मैं सकते में आ गई। किसी को टोक दो तो वह बुरा मान जाते हैं कि, "अरे हमने भी बच्चे पाले है। हमारे भी बच्चे है। " यहाँ मै बच्चो के स्वास्थ और स्वक्षता से जुड़ी कुछ महत्वपूर्ण बिंदुओं पर प्रकाश डालना चाहूंगी जो कि इस प्रकार है-
1. नवजात, शिशु या बच्चो को जहाँ तक हो सके हाथ ना लगाएं। मैं फिर से दोहरा रही हूं। कृपया हाथ ना लगाएं।
2. अगर आप बीमार है, सर्दी, जुखाम है तो दूर रहें। बीमार है तो किसी बच्चे वाले के घर में ना जाएं।
3. हाथ ना धो सके तो सैनिटाइजर का प्रयोग करें। हो सके तो अपने बैग में भी एक छोटी बॉटल रखे। यह 20-30 रूपए की मिल जाती है।
4. खांसी, छींक आने पर मुंह पर रुमाल रखें। रुमाल ना हो तो हाथ रखें। ज़रूरी बात की रुमाल भी साथ रखें।
5. जिस हाथ का प्रयोग खांसने या छींकने के बाद किया हो उससे हाथ ना मिलाएं या बच्चे को ना छुएं।
6. सबसे बेहतर घर में रहें और बीमारी ना फैलाएं।
7. बाहर से घर वापस आने पर हमेशा हाथ धोएं। परिवार को सुरक्षित रखने का यह सबसे अच्छा तरीका है।
8. बाहर से घर आने पर कपड़े बदले। गंदे कपड़े पहन कर किसी के बिस्तर पर ना बैठे।
9. हाथ धोने का मतलब साबुन से हाथ धोना है। पानी से हाथ सिर्फ गीले होते है साफ नहीं होते। बीमारी फैलाने वाले किटाणु साबुन से मरते है, पानी से नहीं। यह बात पढ़े लिखे लोगो भी समझाना पड़ता है
10. टॉयलेट सीट से भी ज़्यादा किटाणु जिस चीज में होते है वो चीज इस समय आपके हाथ में है। जी हाँ ... आपका मोबाइल फोन। मोबाइल फोन, टीवी का रिमोट, चाभी यह सारी चीज़े बच्चे को ना दें। बच्चे इसे मुँह में डालते है और बीमार पड़ते है।
11. बच्चा अगर स्कूल जाता हो तो घर आने पर सबसे पहले हाथ, मुँह धुलाएं और कपड़े बदलवाए। फिर कोई दूसरा काम करें।
12. जूते पहन कर बिस्तर पर ना खुद बैठे ना बच्चे को बैठने दें।
13. नंगे पैर घर में घूम कर बिस्तर पर न बैठे। कुछ लोगो की यह बहुत खराब आदत होती है। बिना चप्पल पहने घर में घूमते है और बिस्तर गंदा करते है। अपने घर में भी और दूसरे के घर में भी।
14. बाथरूम जाने पर भी चप्पल का इस्तेमाल करें।
15. बॉटल में मुंह लगा कर न पिएं। गिलास का इस्तेमाल करें।
16. अपने बच्चे के बीमारी होने पर, हो सके तो उसे घर पर ही रखे।
17. सब्जी, तरकारी, शॉपिंग करते हुए बच्चे को हाथ ना लगाएं।
18. बच्चे के समान और खाने पीने की चीजों को गंदे हाथ से ना छुएं।
19. कभी भी किसी और के बच्चे को अपने मन से कुछ भी खाने को ना दें। हो सकता है कि उस खाने से बच्चे को एलर्जी हो।
20. नीचे गिर हुआ सामान उठा कर बच्चे को ना दें। बच्चे सीधा उसको मुंह में डालते है।
यह सब बुनियादी स्वच्छता(Basic Hygeine) के दायरे में आता है। खुद भी पालन करें और अपने बच्चो को भी सिखाएं। बच्चे जो देखते है, वही सीखते है। आप खुद हाथ नहीं धोएंगे और बच्चे से उम्मीद करेंगे तो उपरोक्त बातें लागू नहीं हो सकती। कुछ लोगों को कई बार यह भी कहते सुना है कि "अरे ज़्यादा सफाई मत रखो, मिट्टी में खेलने दो। स्ट्रॉन्ग बनेंगे। हम भी बचपन में खेलते थे। बच्चे तो बीमार होते रहते है।" ठीक है, सब खेलते थे। ज़रूरी नहीं जो हमने किया वो हमारे बच्चे भी करें। पहले के ज़माने और आज के जमाने में बहुत फर्क आ गया है और नई बीमारियां भी । अच्छी आदत अपनाने में कोई बुराई नहीं है। लोगो की लापरवाही के चलते एक छोटे से बच्चे को बीमार हो कर कितना कष्ट उठना पड़ता है यह बात क्यों नहीं समझते लोग। उम्मीद है आप सब भी मेरी बातों से सहमत होंगे।
एक मां की कलम से।
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Akifa Tahreem has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 7 months
8 hours ago
Q. hello doctor, I'm 3 weeks pregnant. can we sleep on our belly or which side We can sleep on during pregnancy...
Akifa Tahreem
Mom of a 7 m old boy
7 hours ago
A. no you can't sleep in your tummy
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
6 hours ago
Q. @ask_the_expert
#ask the expert
I am having pcod problem.
when should I check pregnancy test at home?
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
4 hours ago
A. If you have missed your periods you can wait for one week more and then do a urine pregnancy test to know about the pregnancy result and consult with your doctor according to the result for medication
Dr Priyanka Kalra has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
5 hours ago
Q. I am having pcod problem.
At which day should I take pregnancy test
Dr Priyanka Kalra
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
3 hours ago
A. after 2 weeks. do ultrasound n necessary tests after consulting a specialist. without proper check up we can't advise or help you.. Avoid shirt cuts when it comes to health if mother n baby. ok.
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
5 hours ago
Q. I am having pcod problem.
when should I take pregnancy test?
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
4 hours ago
A. after missed your periods you can wait for one week more ,then you can do a urine pregnancy test to know about the pregnancy result and consult with your doctor according to the result for medication
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
5 hours ago
Q. I am having pcod problem.
but having regular cycles below 35 days. some time it will extended upto 40 days.
so when should I take pregnancy test at home?
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
4 hours ago
A. If you have missed your periods you can wait for one week more or else you can do a urine pregnancy test to know about the pregnancy result and consult with your doctor according to the result for medication.
The best treatment to have Regular periods is by having a healthy lifestyle with regular daily walking or jogging along with mild exercise and meditation whenever possible. as medications will only act till you are taking them
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
2 hours ago
Q. Done my first routine blood test ..it shows thyroid border line.its my 6 week running as per USG.
but prior to that my thyroid level was always normal I did check up every year and got it normal .this time it shows borderline high in 6 week pregnancy.
is it something to worry.plz guide
Read moreDr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. it is better to follow your doctors advice for treating the thyroid deficiency. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
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