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Teaching Prepositions of Position to your Preschooler
At this age, your child is still too young to understand many constructs of grammar. However, prepositions are the simplest to understand as they involve position, movement and action – something kids love doing!
Prepositions are words that usually describe the relationship between a noun and the remaining sentence, wherein the relationship is usually that of location or position. Your child is already using them when he asks you to hide inside the laundry basket, for instance! Getting them an early start in this teaching lays a strong foundation for their subsequent English language training.
Here is the complete list of important prepositions of position your pre-schooler needs to learn. Use simple sentences as suggested to explain their meaning
1. In Front Of/Behind
The little one loves hiding behind the curtain but he forgets Mamma is right in front of him!
2. On The Right/On The Left
Where does he keep his lovey with respect to the bed? On the left or on the right?
3. Near/Close/Far From
How far from his home is his daycare? Is it near Mamma’s friend’s house? Or is it close to the ice-cream parlour?
4. In/On/Under
What’s under the bed? What’s on the kitchen counter? What’s in the wardrobe? The kitten, of course!
5. Next To
What lies next to your darling’s bed? The night-stand with his glass of water.
6. Above/Below
The blue sky lies above. But down below live worms!
7. Inside/Outside
Where should we keep the garbage? Inside or outside the bin?
8. Opposite
What lies right opposite the playground? The grocery store where Mamma buys chocolates!
Fun Ideas to Teach Prepositions
Lessons are learnt well when they are taught in a fun manner! You can use some of these tried and tested ways to teach prepositions. They are easy to do but very effective!
1. Use flashcards
Bold, high contrast flashcards with the prepositions clearly illustrated help your kids retain them in memory.
2. Make a drawing or craft activity out of it
Why not get the kids to make their own drawings of prepositions? Say, a ball resting inside a box, both of them bright blue? Colours have a way of helping us remember things.
3. Use picture books
The illustrations in the books are cute and colourful and get the message across very well. One of the best books for prepositions is “Where’s Spot” by Eric Hill. This naughty puppy keeps hiding everywhere!
4. Sing aloud preposition songs
Head Shoulders Knees and Toes is a classic song wherein your child will point to each body part. Emphasise the prepositions everywhere – so, the nose is between the eyes, for example.
5. Fun, interactive games
One of the most popular prepositions games is “Normal or Strange?” Create funny preposition placements and ask your kids – “Is this normal or strange?” For instance, say “The monkey is under the cage”, or “Your shirt is below your pants.” Quite fun!
Common Problems Kids Face With Prepositions
Confusion between prepositions with similar meanings– e.g. above and on, under and below. This confusion can only be resolved through examples. So, while the cat hides under the table, Khanna aunty lives two floors below.
Difficulty in choosing the right preposition – e.g. should they say by or “next to”? In this case, it is okay to use the modern version and these words are often interchangeable.
Teaching prepositions is going to be an uphill ride for you that will need patience, understanding and the willingness to get creative. Kids will make mistakes so do not be too harsh or nitpick too often. With time, they will become experts in the language! Read more
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The Ultimate Clothing Checklist for Your Newborn
You did it, Mommy! You fought hard and brave, and your little one is finally here! You’re about to embark on a very special journey, filled with a lot of special moments that you’ll only get to live once! We’re sure you are going to be clicking a lot of picture in the process, so – don’t you want your precious angel to be absolutely ready at all times? We are talking about your baby’s wardrobe!
Clothing Essentials for Your Newborn
There are lots of things you’re going to have to buy, now that your baby is here. Appropriate baby gear, feeding supplies, hygiene products, toys, clothes, all make up the newborn shopping checklist. This article will take care of one of your baby’s most basic need – clothes.
Here are the clothing items you will need for your baby’s first year:
1. Onesies & Rompers
Onesies and rompers are the first things that you should buy for your newborn. They keep your baby covered head to toe, wrap her up safely, and protect the delicate skin all over her body from most external factors that can harm her – dust, heat, cold, rain, etc. What’s more, they are the easiest thing to put on and take-off and pose no choking hazard.
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2. Sets & Suits
One of the biggest delights of dressing a baby is how everything can be colour-coordinated, or as we like to say, “matching-matching”! So make sure you pick up cute sets and suits for your baby.
Look for colour or pattern coordinated tops and bottoms for your baby boy. For baby girls, you can look for matching pyjamas to team up with her frocks!
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3. Tops & T-shirts
While buying these, consider the different weather conditions your baby is going to be exposed to. Accordingly, look for sleeveless, half-sleeved, as well as full-sleeved t-shirts and tops.
Look for some that are winter-friendly and made of warm materials, and some that are summer-friendly.
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4. Pyjamas & Leggings
Pyjamas and leggings are the most versatile item of clothing, and you definitely need at least a couple of pairs of these in your baby’s wardrobe. They can go under skirts and frocks for girls, they can double-up as sleepwear, and they are comfortable in all kinds of weather!
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5. Skirts & Jeans
Jeans are no longer only a boy-item – it is a piece of clothing that has rendered itself to the unisex section! So feel free to pick up jeans for your baby – irrespective of whether it is a boy or a girl!
As for your precious baby girl, won’t a skirt look cute on her cute little booty? You can either look for a set that comes with a matching t-shirt or top, or you can mix and match with any of the t-shirts and tops you’ve already picked for her.
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6. Nightwear
While picking nightwear for your baby, make sure you pick the perfect size to avoid a suffocation and/or choking hazard. The pyjama set should be neither too tight nor too lose and should make the baby feel warm enough to ensure long and undisturbed sleep.
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7. Woollens - Sweaters, Sweatshirts & Jackets
Come winter, you’re going to need a whole set of clothes to keep your baby warm! Even if it isn’t winter, nights can get cold enough for you to consider putting a sweater on your baby. So make sure you buy warms sweaters, sweatshirts and jackets.
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8. Inner Wear
Innerwear includes vests, petticoats, and undies. You might wonder if a newborn needs undies. However, any paediatrician will tell you to give your baby some diaper-free time, as a precaution against rashes. At such times, it would be best to put on a light cotton panty. Panties also come in handy while trying to potty train your baby. As for vests and petticoats, using one for your baby make it easier to layer up or layer down as per the weather.
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9. Caps & Gloves
Caps are required in every weather: to keep the sun away in summer, the rain away in monsoon, and the cold away in winters. As for gloves, they have multiple uses – from preventing your baby from accidentally scratching herself, to preventing thumb-sucking, to keeping her hands warm in winter.
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10. Socks
It is not advisable to put shoes on without socks, and so make sure you buy socks for your baby. Sometimes, it might be a good idea to use socks indoors too, especially when it gets cold.
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11. Party-Wear
Why should your little one miss out on the fun? Buy a couple of fancy outfits for your baby for any family function or party that is coming up in the near future. However, it is advisable to shop for the occasion, instead of for the wardrobe – if you don't see any function coming up in the near future, why buy an outfit your baby will very quickly outgrow?
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12. Footwear
No outfit is complete without proper footwear! Make sure you look for the correct size that neither crams your baby’s tiny toes nor slips easily off her feet!
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Some General Tips for Buying Clothes for Newborns
Shopping for clothes for babies is trickier than that for adults. There are a number of things you need to watch out for. Keep the following tips handy:
No labels: not only are labels irritating, but they can also rub against and harm your baby’s soft and delicate skin! Look for clothes that have no labels, or make sure you rip the label off using a ripper once you buy the clothes.
Skin-friendly fabrics: It is best to pick clothes made of natural fibres (cotton, silk, etc.) instead of going for synthetic and coarse fibres that may harm your baby’s skin.
Irritation-free hemlines: Sometimes it is not the fabric, but the stitching and/or hemlines that can irritate the skin, especially near your baby’s private parts and under the arms. Check the clothes for soft hemlines.
Low maintenance clothes: You are going to be busy doing a thousand and one things for the baby, and the last thing you want is clothes that are high-maintenance. Look for clothes that can be washed easily and require minimum after-care (in terms of ironing, dry-cleaning, etc.).
Watch-out for elastic: Buying clothes with elastics (any kind of bottoms, panties, etc.) can be tricky too. So, make sure you check the strength of the elastic – it should sit lightly on your baby’s body, and not dig into her skin or pinch it in any way. Also look for broader elastics as against narrow elastic – narrow ones dig in deeper into the skin.
Button-down versus close-necked: Even after your baby is born, her skull is still quite soft. Any kind of excessive pressure can actually mould her head! So opt for button-down tops instead of close-necked ones, at least for the first few months.
Easy on the pocket: Yes, that frock would make your angel look like she descended straight from the heavens into your lap, but if it is going to burn a hole in your pocket, skip it! Remember that your baby is going to keep growing out of things – sometimes, faster than you’re prepared to cope with! – and it makes no sense to invest a fortune in just her clothes!
So there you are! Buying those miniature versions of clothes that you are mostly used to seeing in adult-size is a delightful experience that is bound to take the stress and tension away! So go ahead – loosen up those purse-strings, and get ready to dress your baby! Read more
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A Guide To Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer(ZIFT) – Infertility Treatment
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is a fertility treatment that may be offered to couples who require help conceiving through assisted reproductive technology (ART). Doctors may recommend this treatment in those cases, where the fallopian tubes are blocked, thereby preventing the fertilization of the sperm with the egg. This procedure, though not as popular as in vitro fertilization (IVF), is quite similar to it. The only difference being, in ZIFT, the eggs are first fertilized in a lab and then the fertilized embryo is directly implanted in the fallopian tubes and not the uterus. The fertilized eggs are known as zygotes. Zygotes are embryos that are single celled as they still haven’t started dividing into further cells. Zygote Intrafallopian transfer is also called “Tubal Embryo Transfer” (TET) as the fertilized egg is directly placed into the fallopian tubes. ZIFT is often compared to another fertility treatment named gamete Intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Research opine that ZIFT may have a higher success rate than GIFT as doctors have better chances of making sure that the egg fertilizes during the ZIFT procedure.
What Is Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer?
Zygote Intrafallopian transfer is an assisted reproductive technology treatment. This process involves fertilization of the eggs with the sperm in the lab. After the fertilization, the egg is laparoscopically placed into one of the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then travels through the fallopian tubes to reach the uterus, where it may get implanted, leading to pregnancy. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer is considered to be a very invasive procedure as it involves laparoscopic surgery, wherein, small incisions are made in the abdomen. Therefore, it may not be a preferred option with childless couples.
Who Is Treated With ZIFT?
Doctors may advise ZIFT, if other means of treatment have failed. A woman with healthy fallopian tubes or even with one open fallopian tube has more chances of conceiving through ZIFT process. Zygote intrafallopian transfer cannot be performed, if there is a significant damage to the tubes, blockage in the tubes or severe uterine impairment. This procedure may be recommended in cases where the sperm count of the man is low the woman has problems with ovulation. ZIFT may most effectively help women who are in their early 30’s or younger. The success rate of the treatment and its possible health risks to the expecting mother may raise with the increasing age of the woman. If the sperm count of the man is really low, ZIFT may be performed in combination with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI), a process which enhances the fertilization rate by directly inserting the egg with a single sperm.
ZIFT Procedure
The stepwise procedure of how is zift performed is as follows:
Stimulation of The Ovary: Doctors prescribe fertility medications to be taken at the start of the menstrual cycle. This is done so that ovaries get stimulated to release more mature eggs and to prevent them from producing the eggs prematurely.
Development of Follicle: Doctors will then constantly monitor the eggs and the development of follicle though ultrasounds. Blood hormone levels are also regularly checked.
Collecting The Eggs: On maturing, the eggs are collected by inserting a thin needle into the vaginal wall.
Fertilisation: The mature eggs are then combined with the husband’s sperm and fertilized in the lab. After a day or so, the successfully fertilized eggs develop into zygotes (one-celled embryo).
Surgery: The fertilized embryo or zygote is transferred directly to the fallopian tube. This entails a small surgery. The surgery involves making a small incision in the abdomen after administering anaesthesia to the patient. The doctor, by using a laparoscope, then places 1 to 5 zygotes in the fallopian tubes. Any additional zygotes may be frozen for later use.
Implantation: The zygote journeys down the fallopian tube to reach the uterus where it may get implanted and develop into a foetus.
Pregnancy Test: About two weeks after the surgery, the doctor may take a blood test to determine if the procedure has resulted into a successful pregnancy or not.
How Long Does Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer Take?
One procedural cycle of ZIFT, beginning with fertility drugs till the pregnancy test, may take about 4 to 6 weeks. This is because the eggs may take some time to mature. Thereafter, a day is required to collect and fertilize the eggs. Another visit becomes necessary to transfer the fertilized eggs into the fallopian tubes. The surgery is a small one and one may go home the very same day.
Success Rate Of ZIFT
The success rate of ZIFT largely depends on factors like the kind of fertility issue a couple has and also on the health and age of the couple, seeking the procedure. A woman in her early 30’s or even younger may generally produce healthier eggs and therefore, have greater rate of success. Studies have established the success rate of ZIFT process to be between 25% and 40%. This implies that about one in every three ZIFT treatments leads to positive pregnancy results.
Advantages
Certain advantages of ZIFT can be listed as follows:
ZIFT process seems more encouraging as the doctor gets to confirm the fertilization of the eggs before inserting them into the fallopian tubes.
ZIFT involves a more natural procedure as the embryo passes through the fallopian tubes to reach the uterus by itself.
According to new research, there is no possible link between fertility medications and cancer.
Disadvantages
On the other hand, ZIFT has a few disadvantages as well. They are as follows:
ZIFT is an invasive procedure as it involves a small surgery.
ZIFT process may lead to multiple pregnancies or births which can pose greater complications during pregnancy like premature birth, miscarriage or decisions to be made regarding partial abortion, keeping in mind the best interest of the mother’s health.
ZIFT procedure is an expensive treatment as it entails costly fertility medications, surgery, lab tests and ultrasounds.
ZIFT requires the doctor to choose the best embryo from the multiple zygotes which implies discarding the remaining ones. Some couples are not comfortable with this selection process.
Similarities And Differences Between ZIFT And IVF
The similarities between ZIFT and IVF are:
ZIFT and IVF are artificial fertility treatments which may be offered to couples who not able to conceive naturally.
In both the methods, embryo culture is done.
Both the processes, empowers the doctor to choose the best embryos for implantation.
ZIFT procedure is often compared to IVF. The key differences between the two methods are:
In ZIFT, the fertilized egg placed in the fallopian tube from where it journeys to the uterus on its own and in IVF, the fertilized embryo is directly transferred to the uterus.
ZIFT requires a small invasive surgery whereas IVF doesn’t need any surgery.
Cost Of ZIFT
ZIFT procedure is a costlier treatment, when compared to IVF and GIFT. It may prove more expensive, depending on the nature of the fertility problem, the place where the couple resides and whether the insurance policy offers any aid to meet the cost of the treatment. The treatment may cost anything around 1.5 lakhs to 2 lakhs for each cycle of ZIFT.
ZIFT procedure offers childless couples a considerable chance of realising their dream of getting pregnant. It is always advisable to consult your doctor at length for proper guidance and knowledge about each aspect of the treatment before opting for it. Read more
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
11 hours ago
Q. I am 9 week pregnant and I have runny nose very badly can I use cetirizine tablet?
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
6 hours ago
A. use nasal drops , that acts faster .
You should have proper consultation with your treating doctor , as some examination or investigations may be needful, so that proper medications can be given And the treatment can be done very properly.
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
10 hours ago
Q. hi,
my LT 10x18mm and RT 18x20mm and ET 6.5 , what if I intercourse after 2 days, can I do intercourse in ovulation day can become a pregent .
on ovulation day if we intercourse can become a pregent..pls advice..
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
6 hours ago
A. since the follicle size is 18 to 20 mm your ovulation may occur within 24 hours also so if you have intercourse with in that time it will be more effective to get conceived
your endometrial growth is not good enough for conception but still you can just try
Sai Prasanthi R L has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
10 hours ago
Q. Hlw dr its my 6th month pregnency can i intimate with my partner
Sai Prasanthi R L
Mom of a 10 yr 2 m old boy
9 hours ago
A. Hello dear! If your pregnancy is going on fine without any high risk factors then it’s okay. Still, would advise you to check with your doctor once before going further. Maintain a good personal hygiene routine and a healthy lifestyle
Abhaya Rajput has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
6 hours ago
Q. My breasts feel full and heavy, but there’s no milk when pumping and during feeding baby —what do I do?
Abhaya Rajput
Mom of a 14 yr 4 m old boy
39 mins ago
A. Hello there ma’am please do not worry about it too much. But it is really very difficult to say anything without proper examination. It is advisable to get yourself evaluated by a doctor and follow doctors advise properly. You can also book online doctor’s appointment on FirstCry where the doctor can help you and guide you properly.
Thanks and take care
Dr Disha Patel has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 6 months
6 hours ago
Q. can I take medicine pcm n citrazene in pregnancy fir sore throats n fever
Dr Disha Patel
Ayurvedic Physician
1 hour ago
A. dear mom.
better to take tab pcm for time being n do take steam inhakation couple of tines a day, follpw good home renedies for cold, taje more rest .
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Mom of a 9 m old child
12 mins ago
Q. hi everyone good morning,
sorghum can I give to my 10 month baby is it safe or not please revert I waiting for your reply
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
10 mins ago
A. yes
whenever you give any new food to the child you have to take care of two things.
you should give in small quantity. if the child doesn't develop any digestion problem in next 24 hours to 48 hours and the child is able to digest that food then that food can be given again.
but if the child is not able to digestc or there is some problem with vomiting or loose motion or colic pain then kindly avoid that food.
we wait for 2 to 3 days to confirm whether the child is having any problem to that particular food or not
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