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Autism In Children: Reasons, Signs & Treatment
Finding out that your child has autism will leave you entangled in a lot of emotions like rage, sadness, fear, worry and nervousness. However, there are a lot of people sailing in the same boat as you. It is crucial that you power through these emotions for the sake of your child who needs you the most. In this article, we will look at autism, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.
What is the Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children?
Autism is an umbrella term that is used to categorise a range of disorders that include different syndromes and conditions diagnostically classified under DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). It covers a set of cognitive and behavioural defects which include social integration, linguistic development and communication impairment. The spectrum in the name Autism Spectrum Disorder implies that there is no fixed manner or degree limiting the symptoms. Different children show different extents of the disorder which means that they all have special abilities and challenges to face. The child could have mild, moderate or severe symptoms.
ASDs do not have a racial or socioeconomic bias. Based on data from the CDC in the United States, the probability of a child acquiring one of these conditions ranges from 0.3% to 1% of the population. Boys stand a higher risk of having an ASD, with a four times higher rate than that of girls; although girls exhibit far more severe symptoms.
Although the rates of ASD are increasing by around 15% per year, scientists are unsure if the increase is in real terms or if the diagnostic methods for identifying them have improved. Now, there are several disorders that come under the term Autism Spectrum Disorder. These are:
1. Autism
Also known as autistic disorder, children having it mainly show difficulty in mastering communication skills. In addition, they exhibit lower degrees of empathy, that is they find it tricky to read the emotional responses of the people around them. Autistic children find it very hard to clearly express their thoughts, feelings, and desires. It is also quite common to find children with autism having talents and skills in different areas, such as mathematics, memorisation, music, art, dance, etc.
2. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
An extremely uncommon condition, it manifests in children who have developed without showing any symptoms for 2-3 years, and after which they begin to show lowered levels of communication ability.
3. Asperger’s Syndrome
Children with this syndrome have normal to better-than-average linguistic skills. However, they have problems socializing and communicating. Therefore, Asperger’s is also called high-functioning autism.
4. Pervasive Developmental Disorder
PDD is an umbrella term used for those children who show symptoms of an ASD but do not quite match the other conditions.
If your child shows a few symptoms of autism, it does not immediately mean that she has ASD. For example, your child might be unable to comprehend simple words, refuse to change habits, show repetitive behaviour, have difficulty getting along with other children, and so on. However, many kids are like this and it needn’t necessarily mean anything. If you feel like your child has marked differences in communication as compared to other kids of her age, you could go to a certified medical expert for a diagnosis.
Causes of Autism in Children
The causes of autism are still debated by both medical researchers and professionals. However, they all agree on one thing – that it is likely that there are several causes of autism. Research shows that autistic behaviour in some instances can be caused by getting Rubella while pregnant, phenylketonuria in the baby, and encephalitis (brain swelling). Generally, the consensus is that the following things may be responsible for autism:
1. Genetics
Studies on identical twins show that autism appears in the other twin more than it would if they were fraternal. In addition, having an autistic child increases your chances of having a second autistic child by 5 percent; which is significantly higher than the average rate of 1.5. Some studies have identified a set of genes linked to autism, especially in the presence of other factors like hormonal imbalance, anoxia, and exposure to toxins. A genetic condition known as Fragile X syndrome is also known to be linked to autism.
2. Environmental Factors
There are several possible environmental factors involved with autism such as premature birth, foetal alcohol syndrome, maternal obesity, pregnancy diabetes, and certain pregnancy medications for seizures. Another set of culprits could be toxic chemicals like pesticides, herbicides, mercury, and lead.
3. Parental Age
Research has connected the age of the parent to autism in the child. Interestingly, teenage mothers and women over 40 tend to have more autistic children than women between these ages. The age of the father also plays a major role, with a 50-70% jump in risk of having an autistic child for fathers over 50 years old.
4. Other Health Issues
A host of conditions have been shown to have links to autism. Some of them are neurofibromatosis, Down’s syndrome, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and infantile epilepsy.
One extremely crucial thing to remember is that there is no link between autism in your child and vaccination. In recent years, it has been a trend for people to not vaccinate their children for the fear of the vaccine causing autism. This was due to a now well-debunked study that linked a mercury-preservative, called thimerosal found in the MMR vaccine, to autism. While thimerosal is not used anymore, multiple large-scale studies have shown that there is no connection between vaccines and any ASD.
Signs of Autism in Children
The signs of autism in children can be observed from a very young age. However, here you can find signs of autism in children of different age group:
1. In Preschool Children
Autism can be observed in children from 6 months to 4 years old. Here are the signs to look out for if your baby is less than a year old.
Your baby is uninterested in baby games or faces
Your baby isn’t smiling, laughing, or reacting to voices and other sounds
Your baby isn’t showing any interest in talking or making sounds and gestures
Your baby isn’t comfortable being touched for long periods of time
For children between one and two-years-old, here are some important signs to take note of:
Your toddler isn’t employing any body language
Your toddler isn’t using at least two words at a time by the time she is two
Your toddler has shown a regression in verbal ability and speaks less than before
Your toddler prefers to live in her own zone, withdrawing from human interactions
Your toddler doesn’t like to walk much or even if she does, it is only on her toes
Children with autism between two and four years old show the following symptoms:
A child finds it difficult to express herself in words and may even not talk entirely
Speech problem, a child talks, but with an uncommon rhythm, that is with stutters, high or low-pitched vocalization or in a flat tone
A child isn’t comprehending instructions or directions given to her by her parents, family or teachers
Expresses emotions loudly and in public for no obvious reason
A child shows signs of hyper-focus, which means she looks at a single object or talks about one thing for hours at a time
Prefers her own company, often shunning other children of her age
A child repetitively does things like open and close doors, walk in circles, flap limbs, or line up toys in a specific way
Stubborn behaviour, especially about her taste in food and habits
Shows fear for simple things like chairs or stuffed toys but might not be afraid of vehicles or heights.
She is unable to sleep comfortably through the night
2. In School-Age Children
In many cases, autism symptoms in children do not show up early on. However, as there is still the risk of developing an ASD later in life, it is important you pay attention to the following signs in your school-going child.
1. Sensitivity
Children with autism show strange reactions towards stimuli such as lights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touch. They might appear to not pay attention to those directly talking to them, but at times be annoyed by gentle sounds like papers shuffling or birds chirping. Any sudden change in sensory stimuli around them, like an appearance of bright lights, loud sounds, and rough textures can bother them greatly.
2. Emotional impairment
Children with autism cannot express their emotions in a socially acceptable way. They might begin to shout, weep, or laugh without any apparent cause. If faced with anxiety, your child might even show hysterical or aggressive behaviour like biting, scratching, hitting, breaking objects, and so on. They might show inappropriate gestures or expressions in a social context, choosing to ignore other people, thereby having few or no friends at all. These kids tend to show obsessive behaviours, especially when it comes to certain objects that preoccupy them constantly.
3. Neurological impairment
If your child has autism, she will likely be smarter at non-verbal tasks than verbal. She’ll tend to use short sentences and find it very difficult to speak with regular grammar. She will also tend to be good at visual and spatial tasks, but less efficient with questions that require abstract thought. These children tend to take things literally as they find it hard to comprehend idioms, similes, or metaphors.
How is Diagnosis Done?
Stages of Diagnosis
Children who have autism have a unique pattern of development. While sometimes, ASD can be noticeable from birth, usually the lack of linguistic and social abilities surface after a year or two. The faster autism is diagnosed, the faster you can help your child cope with the disorder.
The doctor will first observe the unique behaviour of your child. For the diagnosis to be done, your child should have a problem in at least one of the following: social behaviour, linguistic ability, or hypersensitivity.
1. Screening
Medical professionals usually attempt a diagnosis in 18 months old. This is because signs of autism fluctuate. However, several children with high-functioning autism cannot be diagnosed until they go to school and exhibit unconventional social behaviour. In other cases, autism test for the child can be made much earlier if the symptoms are obvious. The most common method of screening your child is via the M-CHAT-R or the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised. It is usually performed for children between the ages of one and two. This method observes all behaviours and reviews them against a standard control for that specific age. To make the test more viable, a post-test interview is taken. However, as this test is not totally comprehensive, if you suspect or notice strong autism symptoms, you should get a developmental screening for your child, which will tell you of any developmental disabilities your child may have. If there are any problems, your doctor will suggest a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.
2. Comprehensive Diagnostic Evaluation
This method is a significant improvement over screening. It includes observing your child’s development and behaviours, as well as performing genetic, hearing, vision, and neurological tests. For this, you might have to go to a specialist like a developmental paediatrician or a child neurologist. For this evaluation, a set of diagnostic tools are available. Some of them are the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition.
Treatments for Children With Autism
Unfortunately, autism has no cure, but there are many things you and your doctor can do to help improve the condition of your child. Some of the therapies and treatments for children with autism are:
1.Neurobehavioral Impairment
Therapy with a trained child psychotherapist is the first option. In cases where children with autism also show signs of depression or anxiety, this treatment is strongly recommended.
2. Medication
Medication may be required to relieve some of the symptoms that children with autism go through such as seizures, aggression, depression, and insomnia.
3. Treatments Not Recommended
There are a significant number of treatments recommended for autism, but must be strongly avoided as they don’t show much efficacy and can even be harmful. Some of them include gluten-free diets, oxygen therapy, monitoring brain activity, and using medication to remove mercury.
Common Health Complications
Autistic children may be susceptible to some common health conditions. These include:
1. Seizures
These usually start in childhood or adolescence and may occur at any time.
2. Genetic Disorders
These include Angelman’s syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Sclerosis, and Duplication syndrome.
3. Sleep Problems
These may be caused by sleep apnea or gastrointestinal disorders.
4. Gastrointestinal Disorders
Autistic children are susceptible to diarrhoea or chronic constipation.
5. Pica
Children with autism may eat things that are not food, like chalk, clay, or dirt even when they are grown up.
6. Sensory Integration Dysfunction
This is caused by a difficulty in processing sensory information, and may cause unusual responses to sounds, sights, and smell which may seem normal to others.
Prevention
Child autism is beyond the control of parents as it is vastly determined by genetics. For those who feel that they may be at risk, here are some of the precautions:
1. Diet
Avoiding alcohol and eating organic food will help, as alcohol and pesticides have been linked to autism in children.
2. Age
For those who have a family history of autism, studies have shown that having children between the ages of 18-40 years maximises the chances of having a non-autistic child.
Parenting Tips
1. Educate Yourself
It is important that you, as a parent, learn as much as you can about Autism so you will be able to support your child and help her with her condition. There are also several parent support programs for those parents who have a child diagnosed with autism.
2. Communicate
As this is the one major skill your child with autism lacks, it is important to help her communicate clearly. You can do this by talking clearly and simply in a noise-free environment. You should enunciate with enough pauses, so your child can process your words in her own time.
3. Support Groups
Thankfully, there is a lot of support these days for children who have an ASD, and you must realise that you are not alone. If you can, find a group of parents either in your area or online whose children also have autism. You will learn a lot about raising children with autism, as well as be able to lend your support to those parents.
It is painful to come to terms with the fact that your child might have autism. However, the most important thing for you to do is not lose hope. The key thing to remember here is that you have to help your child live a fulfilling life.
Also Read: Conduct Disorder In Children Read more
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रिश्ते निभाने के लिए क्या जरूरी है - समझौता या समझदारी
यूं तो रिश्तों के कई नाम हैं। माँ, पापा, भाई, बहन, सास, ससुर, देवर, ननद आदि। पर इन सब रिश्तों को निभाना हर किसी के बस में नहीं होता।रिश्तों को निभाने के लिए कभी समझदारी तो कभी समझौता करना ही पड़ता है।
आजकल रिश्ते-नाते समझना शायद मुश्किल होता जा रहा है। आज हर कोई आगे बढ़ने की चाह में रिश्ते पीछे छोड़ता जा रहा है। हर कोई अपने आप को ऊपर देखना चाहता है। किसी ने सलाह दी तो खुद को नीचा समझकर उसे अपनी बेइज्जती समझने लगता है। आखिर ऐसा क्यूँ हो रहा है, किसकी गलती मानें इसमें? अपनी जगह शायद सब ठीक हैं। खुद को कोई गलत नहीं मानता। रिश्ते सुधारने की जगह कई लोग उसे बिगाड़ते तक हैं। क्या लोगों को ये समझना जरूरी नहीं है कि हमारे बुरे वक्त में आखिर ये ही रिश्ते साथ निभाएंगे। तब कोई छोटा-बड़ा, पैसा-रुपया मायने नहीं रखता। तब सिर्फ ये ही अनमोल रिश्ते होते हैं जो साथ देते हैं हमारे बुरे दिन में। लेकिन कहते हैं ना एक हाथ से ताली नहीं बजती। उसी तरह रिश्तों को समझने के लिए भी दोनों तरफ से समझना होगा।
अगर हम किसी से प्यार करते हैं और उनसे रिश्ता रखना चाहते हैं तो हमें समझौता करना सही लगता है। लेकिन कुछ रिश्ते ऐसे भी होते हैं जो हमें निभाने ही पड़ते हैं चाहे हमें उनसे प्यार हो या नहीं। शायद ऐसे रिश्ते हमारे लिए उतने मायने न रखते हों लेकिन क्या उन रिश्तों को तोड़ देना हमारी बेवकूफी नहीं। ऐसे रिश्तों को हमें समझदारी के साथ निभाना चाहिए। कभी-कभी हमें उनकी जगह खुद को रखकर देखना चाहिए।फिर सोचना चाहिए कि दोनों में क्या फर्क है। हो सकता है जो आपको सही नहीं लग रहा था वो अब सही लगने लगे।
देखिए, जिंदगी में हर रिश्ते की अपनी एक अलग ही पहचान होती है। हर रिश्ता अपने आप में खास है और ये बात हम सबको समझनी चाहिए। हर रिश्ते को प्यार से अपनाएं और देखना आप आज से ज्यादा कल खुश नजर आएंगे।
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her.
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10 Things They Don’t tell you About Becoming a Parent
There are several things that no one tells you about becoming a parent. You might think that it would have been better entering this with your eyes wide open. The truth is no matter how well armed you are, the world of parenthood is bound to throw surprises at you.
Tiresome, frustrating, downright hilarious, and totally worth it - is just how becoming a parent can be explained. There are dirty diapers and stench to battle (tiny bodies make the worst stink, really!), runny noses to take care of, and your favourite coffee table book to be stowed away. Your house smells of baby powder and sooner or later you'll realize the walls will have incomprehensible art no matter what you do. And this is just the tip of the iceberg, parenting throws a sea of outright funny surprises each and every day. Find here some advice that'll gear you for what lies ahead.
10 Funny Parenting Tips that'll Leave You in Splits
1. Good habits
There is no such thing as forming a habit too early. From the word get-go you need to show the baby who is the boss! No, you will not rock her to sleep. No, you will not let the pout and big eyes get to you. 'Ok', so this is the last time you’re doing that!
2. Gassy affairs
A common complaint after childbirth is feeling embarrassingly gassy. The good news is that you can always blame the out-of-control missile on the kids! Cruel you think? We're laughing already!
3. Get creative
If there is one thing that you have to learn is the art of coming up with smart stories under a minute for everything you don’t want (or do want) your kids to do! It may sound like a funny advice for new parents, but it is one that you'll forever cherish! You don't want them to be scared of the pet Labrador? Tell him how the dog is dad's best friend and loves him just like dad does.
4. Time management
Once your new entrant has made an appearance, all adult activities including watching TV or having conversation must be fit in the time slot between your child's bed time and yours! All this in a hush, mostly. God forbid if your baby stays up, you can very well forget talking romance or even home repair issues with your husband.
5. Preparation is the key
When it comes to parenting, there is no such thing as being over-prepared. With a baby in tow, everything you weren’t prepared for is definitely bound to happen. To be forewarned is to be forearmed.
6. Joys of sharing
You will realize that over the years you turn into the sacrificial, martyr-types parents that you dreaded becoming. You will also realize that you did it out of love. Ditched picking your dream car, so you could save up for your child's school fees instead? Well, that's what we're talking about!
7. Been there, done that
There is actually very little that you will face in life that will embarrass you anymore. As a parent, you'll have already lived through the long list of humiliating experiences with your kid! Your kid puked all over your designer dress at a party or broke a Swarovski mantle piece at your friend's place? Sound's familiar? Don't be scared already, there's more to come!
8. Communication troubles
The truth is that there is a vast gulf that separates people with children from those who don't. The only way to bridge the gap is to wait for people on the other side to cross over to yours! Your friends without children may for most time never understand your need to get your child to their birthday party, the refusal to meet for drinks on a Sunday in a pub, or why you don't have time for even a phone call.
9. Force to reckon with
Never ever underestimate the power of cute. Your innocent little baby will have you wrapped around their finger with their big Bambi eyes. You child wants to watch her favourite cartoon show while your interesting cricket match telecasts? Well! Let's not even argue who'll win hands down.
10.Smuggling goods
You can feel the thrill of a smuggler with contraband when you try to sneak past that huge chocolate bar from the refrigerator under the kids’ nose. Too much chocolate is bad for their teeth and their appetite, but there is no other way you can eat it yourself than to sneak lest you're caught red handed.
While there are many other hilarious situations that you will face on your journey as a parent, there isn't a rule book that you can go by. Every day will be a surprise with your child. There'll be new stories, new antics; the list is endless. The good part is, some days will make you split your hair while others will keep you rolling on the floor amused and happily startled. Read more
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Babyhug hugs my baby genlty and softly. It really care for little ones.
When I started buying clothes and other stuff for my baby I was confused which brand I should buy. Everything should be soft and comfortable for my baby. Then I just like that bought babyhug clothes. They were upto my expectations. After that I never purchased any other brand for my baby. It's like 'if it is babyhug then no need to check anything'. My baby wear babyhug from top to bottom. In baby gear also, we have walker, feeding chair, potty seats (till date bought 3), sitting chair, sofa giraffe and more. I always buy footwear of cutewalk because these are comfortable, cost effective and durable. All babyhug products are purchased from first cry whether online or from store. Thanks first cry and babyhug.
If I would explain in much more ways, baby hug clothes are very soft and they do not get hard after washes. Also the winter wear maintains its properties even after many washes. If we come to baby gear, babyhug is the brand everyone can rely on. Their products are durable, comfortable and cost effective. You need not to worry about baby safety if you are using babyhug. I used feeding chair for more than one year but it still looks as new. No wear and tear.
When I wanted to purchase a sofa type soft seat for my baby, I searched all the websites during this lockdown and then I got the babyhug giraffe. I just purchased it without any second thought 'babyhug hai to sab sahi h'.
I used babyhug wipes also. They are good to use. No soapy feeling, no extra wet and not dry. They are appropriate. They do not have smell.
You can easily buy cutewalk footwear. For little ones, you should buy the choo choo sandals after 2 year you can buy any. They are soft, light weight and comfortable. Their sizes are well maintained and can be easily bought online.
Babyhug really hugs our babies softly and gently. Read more
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Have You Waited for Years to Have a Baby? This is What Happens When You Become a Mom
It's been rightly said, the days are long but the years are short. This one for all the mothers, who've waited for long before giving birth to a baby!
From the time I became pregnant until now, it has been a rollercoaster ride! The journey continues and my little baby is about to turn two. I am writing this down while my baby is sleeping calmly and I have a few moments alone before the thunderstorm awakes...!
My favourite app is the FirstCry app.
My favourite voice is my baby's voice.
My favourite word is mamma.
My favourite sight is my baby's face.
My favourite feeling is that of being a mother.
Because I have waited so long to see him in my arms,
To fill the empty space between me and his dad,
To see him walk and talk for the first time,
To have a wall that is filled with his doodling,
To resolve his first fight with his playmates,
To see the smile on his face when I cook for him,
To hug and kiss him when he needs it the least!
To choose his dressing style for every small event!
I can go on and on...
So, baby, I know that you will grow up one day, and will have the least number of memories of your first few years with me. But all this is what your dad and I will always remember. And when you ask us how you were in your childhood, we will have enormous amounts of stories. Because we will remember every day spent with you throughout!
For all mothers and fathers, understand that your sufferings in parenthood are equal, even though not mutual! You both are equally responsible for the family you have and always understand that you are a team of two; more than just mother and father of the child! Happy parenting!
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her. Read more
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 5 months
17 hours ago
Q. I got faint line all my pregnancy test and I missed my periods for 10 days but USG and TVs test confirm there is no pregnancy is there any chance that it is very early stage that's why it is not visible???? or TVs test is the last thing that can tell that really there is no pregnancy
Read moreRashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
16 hours ago
A. I think it would be advisable for you to get an ultrasound done with your doctor that’s going to give you a clarity because if there is a pregnancy it would be visible at least at least that sack is visible if it’s a regular pregnancy so it would be advisable to have a test with your doctor
Dr. Minal Acharya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
13 hours ago
Q. mere twins baby girl and boyhai one month 8 days old kya mai ghutti de sakte hun ya gripe water de sakte hun aur kab se start kar sakte hun
Dr. Minal Acharya
Nutritionist
12 hours ago
A. dear Mum, you should not give any sort of gripe water or ghutti to your baby. these are unhealthy and dangerous and can cause infection to your baby. so, these should be completely avoided.
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
12 hours ago
Q. I am currently 32 week pregnant.I recently had growth scan.mu baby is in cephalic presentation. Does this change as I approach my due date. Also my EDD is July 25 and EDC is July 2. what is my expected due date. Also what is EDC?
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
12 hours ago
A. edc is expected date of delivery only.
that is 40 weeks
You will get more information for your query with your family doctor. You may meet your dr in person for proper guidance .
It is important to remain in contact with your doctor.
Swati Kar Samanta has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 7 months
12 hours ago
Q. why I am getting dizziness in my pregnancy
I am going with 3rd month of my pregnancy it's a very strong dizziness I feel at times means every day .....no other symptoms of pregnancy .Please help with elaboration .All okay means isn't part of this journey.
Read moreSwati Kar Samanta
Mom of a 2 m old girl
1 hour ago
A. Do consult your doctor as soon as you can. It's important to find the real reason because without that, proper medication is not possible.
Dr Priyanka Kalra has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
12 hours ago
Q. I am currently 32 week pregnant and had growth scan recently.My baby is in cephalic presentation.does this change after 36 week or does this remain the same?
Dr Priyanka Kalra
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
4 hours ago
A. usually fixed. better to show to specialist always as they get the correct diagnosis. try to avoid self and extra medication that will only complicate this and create more damage to the child
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
2 hours ago
Q. it's my 5 month n I still didn't went for check up yet not even once is it okay if I go now or?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
2 hours ago
A. You should have started going from the very beginning itself once you get to know you’re pregnant but since you haven’t reached that now if you’re pregnancy has been healthy last five months please get it checked with your doctor also if you need to start with any supplements or diet the doctor would advise you after a ultrasound so please visit your gynaecologist
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Check out this new Memory
Vrushali Patil
Mom of a 6 yr 7 m old boy
1 min ago
#stylishbaby
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Tell us more about yourself get More Personalised
- Infant0 to 6 Months
- Baby6 Months to 2 Yrs
- Toddler2 to 4 yrs
- Kids4-6 yrs
- Big Kids6+ yrs
- Expecting
- Trying to Conceive