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Paracetamol Dosage for Children - A Guide for Parents
It is common practice to take a dose of paracetamol as a quick relief method for fever, headache or other pain. Most parents carry on this practice for their children when they have a temperature or complain of minor pain. But, before you can administer paracetamol to children, it is best to understand the appropriate dosage for kids. It is also ideal to get approval from your child’s doctor before you give paracetamol to your child.
Is Paracetamol Safe for Children?
When used in the right dosage, paracetamol is considered safe for children. Many doctors also prefer prescribing the medicine as a treatment for fever or pain.
When and How Often Should You Give Paracetamol to Your Child?
You can give paracetamol to your child if he has fever, headaches, and aches in the body. Fever caused due to a shot may also be reduced with a dose of paracetamol.
The right dosage of medicine can be given to your child once in every four to six hours, up to four times within 24 hours. Under no circumstances should you exceed the recommended dosage. If your child does not respond to the medicine, consult a doctor for a further course of treatment.
How to Give Paracetamol to Your Child?
Paracetamol is available in the form of tablets, syrups or suppositories, which are each taken differently.
1. Syrups
Shake the bottle well and pour out the right dosage with the spoon, cup or syringe that comes with it. In case there isn’t a spoon, ask the pharmacist for a measuring spoon. Never use a normal spoon to measure out the syrup, as you will miss the right dosage.
2. Tablets
Paracetamol tablets should be swallowed whole with water, milk or juice. They shouldn’t be chewed.
3. Suppositories
Suppositories are small plugs of the medicine that are designed to be inserted into the anus. This is ideal for kids who vomit after taking a tablet or have difficulty swallowing. You will need to follow the instructions provided on how to insert them.
Paracetamol Dosage for Children
While the dosage of paracetamol can relieve fever and pain, the wrong dosage may potentially be fatal. Here are the age-wise dosage details for kids.
1. Paracetamol Syrup Dosages
The right dosage of the syrup is listed in the chart below. Paracetamol dosage for infants is best given in the form of syrup or suppositories in accordance with their age.
Age
Type of syrup
Dosage (maximum 4 doses in 24 hours)
3 to 6 months
Infant
2.5ml
6 to 24 months
Infant
5ml
2 to 4 years
Infant
7.5ml
4 to 6 years
Infant
10ml
6 to 8 years
Six-plus
5ml
8 to 10 years
Six-plus
7.5ml
10 to 12 years
Six-plus
10ml
A maximum of two doses of paracetamol for babies within two to three months may be given under consultation from a doctor.
2. Paracetamol Tablet Dosages
Kids over the age of six can be given paracetamol in the form of a tablet. The chart below lists the dosage of the paracetamol tablet that is right for kids as per their age.
Age
Dosage (maximum 4 doses in 24 hours)
6 to 8 years
250mg
8 to 10 years
375mg
10 to 12 years
500mg
12 to16 years
750mg
3. Before Every Dose
Before you give your child another dose, you should always check your child’s symptoms to see if he really needs it. Also, wait for at least four hours after the previous dose before giving another dose. Do not give more than four doses within a 24 hour period. Keep a track of the time you give the dose and the number of doses given.
How Long Does it Take for Paracetamol to Work?
The effect of paracetamol is different in different people. However, generally, it takes around one to three hours to work after the medicine is taken.
How to Store Paracetamol
It is important that you store drugs like paracetamol safely and with added caution.
Keep it out of the reach and sight of children
Lock it in a cupboard or a box
Do not keep it in the refrigerator, as it does not need to be chilled
Ask your pharmacist for a child-resistant cap for syrup bottles
These practices can prevent children from having access to paracetemol and accidentally consuming it.
Side Effects of Paracetamol
If given in the right doses, paracetamol rarely causes any side effects. In some cases, children can have an allergic reaction to the medicine, which may cause
Skin rashes with red blisters that are swollen and itchy. Skin peeling may also occur
Heaviness or discomfort in the chest and the throat
Trouble breathing and speaking
Wheezing
Swelling of the face, mouth, lips, throat, etc
There are other side effects of the drug, like
Increase in heart rate
Change in blood pressure
Liver and kidney damage due to overdose
Disclaimer: If your child has an allergic reaction, take him to your doctor or call the doctor as soon as possible.
Precautions to Prevent Accidental Overdose
You will need to take all the necessary precautions in order to ensure that your child does not overdose on paracetamol. Here are a few things that you can keep in mind in order to avoid any complications caused by an accidental overdose.
Never combine paracetamol with any other drugs like ibuprofen without consulting with a doctor.
Always check for the expiration date of the drug to avoid poisoning. Do not use the tablet if it has passed its expiration date.
Keep the medicines out of your child’s reach to avoid accidental consumption.
Carefully note down the time and the number of dosages given to your child to prevent repeating the dosage.
Paracetamol Vs Ibuprofen: Which is Better to Treat Fever?
Both drugs are equally effective in treating fever in children; however, paracetamol is largely preferred due to various reasons. Since paracetamol has been in use for longer than ibuprofen, there is substantial data to indicate its effectiveness.
Also, while paracetamol poses a risk of liver and kidney damage in case of an overdose, ibuprofen may cause gut and kidney problems in kids even when given at the right dosage. Especially children who are dehydrated or have other medical conditions are at a higher risk of kidney damage with ibuprofen.
When to Consult a Doctor?
If your child has had an overdose and shows symptoms like nausea, diarrhoea, lack of appetite, vomiting, extreme sleepiness, or has yellow skin or eyes, you will need to call the doctor immediately.
Paracetamol is a household drug and has rarely caused long-lasting side effects. However, as an accidental overdose may be fatal, especially to children, it is always recommended to consult a doctor before giving your child the medicine.
Disclaimer: Drugs like paracetamol should only be given to kids after a proper consultation with a doctor about the dosage to be administered.
Also Read: Paracetamol Intake During Pregnancy Read more
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Eating Garlic During Pregnancy - Benefits, Risks & Recipes
Garlic is a herb that is grown all around the world and is a commonly used ingredient in many recipes. But it is more than just a flavouring agent as it offers various medicinal benefits too. But does it also benefit a pregnant woman? Find out!
Garlic is known to help treat certain pregnancy-related problems like high blood pressure and blood circulation. But if you are pregnant, you should be very careful about the quantity of garlic you include in your diet. Eating garlic or any other food will have an impact on your health as well as your baby’s health so you must be careful before including any new food or herb in your pregnancy diet.
Is It Safe to Eat Garlic During Pregnancy?
Garlic is safe for consumption during pregnancy as long as it is consumed in moderate amounts. This is especially true for the first trimester of pregnancy. If you want to add garlic to any dish you make, make sure you don’t add in too much as eating too much garlic in the first trimester of pregnancy can affect the health of the foetus negatively.
You must also exercise caution while including garlic in your diet in the second trimester as well as the third trimester of your pregnancy, as eating excess garlic during this time could lower your blood pressure levels and thin your blood. Hence, proper guidance from a doctor is advised about the quantity of garlic that is suitable for you.
How Much Garlic Can You Eat While Pregnant?
Pregnant women can consume about two to four cloves of fresh garlic daily. This translates to a rough 600 to 1200 mg of garlic extract. During pregnancy, you can also use about 0.03 to 0.12 ml of garlic essential oil after consulting with your doctor.
Benefits of Eating Garlic While Pregnant
Garlic is known as a healthy add-on in a pregnancy diet for various reasons. Here are some of the benefits of eating garlic during pregnancy.
Lowers Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Heart Problems
Garlic is a well-known remedy for heart problems. Eating garlic during pregnancy can lower the chances of these complications. Garlic in its crushed or chopped form has allicin compound in it, which helps balance cholesterol levels.
Helps Prevent Cancer
Consuming garlic can prevent the occurrence of cancer, especially colon cancer. Eating garlic, onions, and chives can lower the risk of stomach and oesophageal cancer.
Lowers the Risk of Infections
Eating foods with garlic in them can boost your immune system and help fight various illnesses. By including garlic in your diet, you can combat infections and a cold or flu, and keep your baby healthy.
It Can Help Treat Skin Problems
The anti-microbial properties of garlic make it an ideal remedy for skin infections or even infections of the mouth. Topical application of garlic in such cases is known to provide relief.
It Can Help Prevent Hair Loss
Garlic is rich in allicin, a compound that is based on sulphur. Sulphur is known to prevent hair loss and also promote the growth of new hair.
Lowers Fatigue
Garlic is also known to lower the instances of fatigue in pregnant women. Tiredness and fatigue is a common problem during pregnancy but these can be taken care of by eating garlic. Eating garlic can even provide relief from dizziness and vomiting sensation during pregnancy.
Side Effects of Eating Food With Too Much Garlic in It
Despite the multifold benefits that it offers, garlic, when consumed in large amounts, can lead to a few side effects in pregnant women. Here are some of the side effects of consuming too much garlic during pregnancy.
Garlic is a natural blood thinner. If you consume excessive amounts of garlic, it may lead to uncontrollable bleeding during labour or delivery, whether normal or C-section.
Eating garlic in excessive amounts can result in low blood pressure. While low blood pressure can be beneficial for women with preeclampsia, it may be harmful to others. During pregnancy, the blood pressure lowers due to expanding vessels in the first few weeks. However, when the blood pressure drops to a dangerous level, it may send a woman’s body to shock and she might faint.
Garlic may react negatively with certain anti-coagulation medications like insulin, cyclosporine, coumadin, and saquinavir.
It can increase the insulin release and lower the levels of sugar in the blood.
It may also lower one's ability to absorb iodine and lead to hypothyroidism.
Many women believe that eating garlic during pregnancy can cause a miscarriage. While garlic has certain properties that may cause a miscarriage, but it happens only when a woman consumes it in large quantities.
Healthy Garlic Recipes for Pregnant Women
Adding a small amount of garlic in your pregnancy diet can be beneficial for both the mother and the baby. If you want to add garlic to the dishes you make, you should consult a doctor before you do so. In case your doctor approves of your garlic intake, then you can try out the recipes given below.
1. Cauliflower Soup With Garlic
Cauliflower soup with garlic in it would serve as a perfect appetiser for a healthy meal. You can make this healthy vegetarian soup in a jiffy.
Ingredients
2 to 3 sliced garlic cloves
2 tablespoons of oil
A bowl of chopped cauliflower
5 cups of chicken broth with low sodium
Some freshly chopped thyme leaves
Black pepper and Kosher salt
How to Make
Heat some oil in a pan and add the garlic to it. Stir it until it starts to give its distinct aroma or until it turns golden brown in colour. Turn off the flame. Transfer it to a bowl and keep aside.
Take the chicken broth in a deep vessel. Add the cauliflower, thyme, salt and black pepper to it. Let this mixture simmer for 15 minutes until the cauliflower turns tender. Allow it to cool for some time.
Transfer it to a blender and blend it to a smooth puree.
Garnish it with the roasted garlic and thyme and enjoy.
2. Snow Peas Stir-Fried With Garlic
An all-time favourite of kids and adults, snow peas can be had as a side dish. You can make it in no time and enjoy during pregnancy.
Ingredients
3 cloves of garlic, minced
2 cups of snow peas
½ tablespoon of cooking oil
1 tablespoon of sesame oil
1 tablespoon of toasted sesame seeds
Salt as per taste
How to Make
Boil some water in a deep vessel and add the snow peas, salt, and some cooking oil to it. Let it cook for about one minute and keep aside.
In a pan, fry the minced garlic and add the boiled snow peas to it. Sprinkle some salt and sesame oil and stir-fry.
Transfer the stir-fried peas into a plate and garnish it with toasted sesame seeds.
3. Honey Garlic Chicken Recipe
Honey garlic chicken tastes delicious and can be eaten with rice.
Ingredients
¼ cup garlic, minced
1 cup of soy sauce
1 cup of honey
¼ cup minced ginger
4 boneless chicken thighs
How to Make
Preheat the oven to 200 degree Celsius.
Whisk the honey, garlic, ginger, and soy sauce together until they blend well.
Take the chicken thighs in a bowl and pour the above mixture over the chicken thighs, and let them marinate for an hour or more.
Place them in the oven for about 20 minutes. Flip in between and glaze with the honey-garlic mixture and cook again.
You can eat honey garlic chicken with rice or veggies.
FAQs
1. What If I Eat Too Much Garlic While Pregnant?
Eating garlic can be very beneficial during pregnancy as long as it is consumed in moderation. Eating too much garlic during pregnancy may irritate your digestive tract and upset your stomach. Excess garlic may even lead to some other serious issues like low blood pressure, blood thinning, etc. It is advised that you consume no more than 2 to 3 cloves of garlic daily to avoid any complications. In case you notice any signs of complications, it is best to reach out to your doctor immediately.
2. What If I Eat Raw Garlic on an Empty Stomach?
Eating raw garlic on an empty stomach causes no problems. In fact, it is known to help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of catching colds or infections.
Garlic is an age-old remedy for many health conditions. It proves to be beneficial even during pregnancy, however, only when consumed in limited amounts. You are advised to discuss with your doctor about the benefits and side effects of consuming garlic during pregnancy before you make it a part of your diet.
Also Read: Consuming Ginger During Pregnancy Read more
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Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition where the growth of the foetus is restricted and the foetus is smaller than 90% of foetuses of the same age. Babies in this condition are also known as ‘small for gestational age’ and occur in up to 5% of all pregnancies.
What Is Intrauterine Growth Restriction?
IUGR is a condition where the growth of the baby is slow while in the mother’s womb. It is also known as Intrauterine Growth Retardation or Foetal Growth Restriction.
Types
There are two types of Intrauterine growth restriction - Symmetrical IUGR and Asymmetrical IUGR.
Symmetrical IUGR
Symmetrical IUGR, also known as Primary IUGR, comprises 20-25% cases of IUGR. In this condition, the baby displays overall restriction in growth and all internal organs are reduced in size.
Asymmetrical IUGR
Asymmetrical IUGR, also known as Secondary IUGR, is when the baby’s abdomen is smaller than the head and brain, which are of normal size. This condition is more difficult to diagnose and can go unnoticed up until the third trimester.
Causes of IUGR
IUGR may be caused by various factors, ranging from the medical history of the parents to pregnancy complications. The following are some of the causes of IUGR:
Some medical conditions are known to cause IUGR. The chief causes among these are chronic hypertension, problems with kidney function, heart disease, lung disorders, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, sickle cell disease, and advanced diabetes.
If there are abnormalities in the placenta or it is too small, it will be ineffective in providing the required nutrients to the baby and in removing waste from the baby’s blood, resulting in IUGR.
Abnormalities such as anencephaly (brain complication), Down syndrome, kidney defects, chromosomal defects, etc. are also known to cause this condition.
Mothers carrying twins or triplets may also suffer from IUGR.
If the mother has a history of alcohol and drug abuse or is a smoker, the risk of IUGR increases.
Diseases such as rubella, syphilis and toxoplasmosis carried by the mother.
If the mother is malnourished during pregnancy, the growth of the baby will be inhibited.
High altitudes may also cause IUGR.
Anticonvulsant drugs administered to mothers during pregnancy can also be a cause.
If the mother is underweight, it can have a direct impact on the growth of the unborn child.
A malfunction in the umbilical cord may also cause IUGR.
What Are the Symptoms of Intrauterine Growth Restriction?
While the small size of the baby may be indicative of the condition, it is also important to note that not all babies that are born small have IUGR.
The primary symptom of IUGR is the ‘small for gestational age' (SGA) trait. A baby is considered an SGA baby when the estimated age of the baby is below the 10th percentile. i.e. if the estimated weight of the baby is less than 90% of the babies of the same gestational age. The baby may also appear thin, pale, have loose, dry skin, or just be small in overall size. Also, the umbilical cord is thin and dull instead of thick and shiny.
Diagnosis and Tests for IUGR
There are various methods that doctors have at their disposal to check the estimated size of babies in the womb. One of the commonest test procedure employed is to measure the distance from the top of the mother’s uterus to her pubic bone. 20 weeks into the pregnancy, this measurement in centimetres should roughly correspond with the number of weeks of pregnancy. If the measurement is lower than the expected number, it is a strong indicator that the baby is not growing in the usual way.
There are also other tests that can be conducted to check for IUGR which include:
Ultrasound: Ultrasound is an IUGR radiology method that creates an image of the baby in the womb by the use of sound waves. An ultrasound allows the doctor to see the baby in the womb and take the measurement of the baby’s head and abdomen. These measurements are then compared to growth charts for an estimate of the baby’s weight. This method may also be used to detect the amount of amniotic fluid in the uterus. Any volume of amniotic fluid that is lower than necessary may be indicative of IUGR.
Doppler Flow: This is a method of measuring the flow of blood, its amount, and the speed with which blood is flowing through blood vessels. Doppler in IUGR can measure the flow of blood in the umbilical cord and the blood vessels in the baby’s developing brain.
Weight Checks: Another method is to closely monitor the weight of the mother upon every prenatal checkup, as growth problems in the baby can be detected if the mother does not display adequate weight gain.
Foetal Monitoring: The heartbeat of the baby is measured and monitored by the use of electrodes which are placed on the mother’s abdomen.
Amniocentesis: In this method, a small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the mother’s uterus to test for any infection or abnormalities.
Risk Factors Associated with IUGR
There are several factors that may cause IUGR. It has been observed that mothers carrying twins and triplets run a risk, as do mothers who have had an IUGR pregnancy previously. It has also been observed that underweight women or women with poor appetites also face the risk. Women with lung disease, heart ailments, and blood and kidney disorders are vulnerable too.
Complications
Some complications that can arise because of IUGR include:
The small size of the baby means that it cannot receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients.
A C-section may have to be performed since the baby may not be able to withstand the rigour of natural birth.
Low blood sugar levels of the baby make it prone to infections and jaundice.
The baby may find it difficult to feed and breathe.
The baby may not be able to maintain its body temperature.
Preterm delivery.
A weak immune system which can make the baby vulnerable to infection.
Increased probability of stillbirth.
Babies born with neurological disorders.
Babies with hampered renal function.
Effects of IUGR
Certain effects of an IUGR pregnancy are listed below:
Foetuses with IUGR may display altered cardiac function.
It may have a direct impact on the ability of the foetus to acquire genetic growth potential on account of nutritional deprivation.
Insufficient nutrition can lead to the death of the uterus.
The deprivation of oxygen could also lead to the death of the foetus.
IUGR foetuses are prone to preterm delivery.
IUGR foetuses are in grave danger of perinatal asphyxia, which affects various organs.
Infant mortality is high among IUGR babies.
IUGR foetuses may also suffer from retarded neurological development.
IUGR Treatment and Management
There are certain precautions that can be taken to manage IUGR. Here are some of them:
Do not consume alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drugs.
Ensure a healthy diet, avoiding such foods mentioned by your doctor.
Do not miss out on prenatal appointments.
Check prescribed medications for side-effects.
Appropriate rest could help IUGR babies through the pregnancy.
While there are no specific treatments or medication for women with IUGR pregnancies, there are some treatments that can help:
The mother may be administered medication to improve blood flow.
The mother can be given timely treatment for any other complications she may have, which could also be contributing to IUGR.
Intravenous medications, steroids and nutrients can be administered to help the foetus mature faster.
Prevention
Certain preventive measures that can be taken are:
If problems with the foetus can be detected earlier, they can be treated earlier. It is essential to attend all prenatal appointments.
If the baby is not moving enough or kicking enough, visit your doctor as it could indicate a problem.
All medication consumed by the mother should be checked as some medication that the mother could be taking for another complication could pose a threat to the baby.
Eat healthily and keep away from alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.
What to Expect After Delivery
IUGR in pregnancy is not the end of the world, as most IUGR babies would catch up with other children after birth. In case of severe IUGR, babies may face complications that preterm babies face but can also live a normal life once they are around the age of three. While IUGR is a risky condition, the advances in modern medicine and improved knowledge of the condition today allow us to address most of the problems associated with it.
Resources and References: WebMD
Also Read: Helping your Premature Baby Gain Weight Read more
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How Many Calories are Burned in Breastfeeding
Breast milk is your baby’s only source of nutrition until they are six months of age. And when a newbie-mommy breastfeeds her baby, her body needs more nutrition and energy to produce the breast milk and provide for her baby’s nutritional requirements. However, are you aware that how many calories you may be losing if you are breastfeeding? Find out how many calories are burned during breastfeeding and more.
How Many Calories are Burned by Breastfeeding?
If you are feeling drained out after a breastfeeding session, it is because without even moving much of your limbs your body has lost a substantial amount of calories and that is all because of breastfeeding. The average calories burned from breastfeeding in a day may range from 300 to 700 calories. As soon after the birth of your baby, you may be roughly burning some 300 calories in a day because of your baby’s limited milk demands but as your baby grows the milk supply increases and thus you may burn up to 700 calories in a day. In other words, the amounts of calories that you may burn may depend on your nursing stage. The milk your body produces is directly proportional to your baby’s demands. Your body may burn calories to produce milk, and if your baby is a big feeder, then you may burn more calories in comparison to a mother whose same age baby does not breastfeed that much.
Why does Breastfeeding Burn Calories?
Breastfeeding is great for you to get rid of all the extra pregnancy weight. If you think that it is breastfeeding makes you lose weight, then you are highly mistaken because it is the strenuous process of milk production that requires so much work. Many women may wonder how something that does not involve any physical strain makes them lose so much weight. It is because in order to make an ounce of milk your body burn approximately 20 calories and if you are feeding roughly 20 to 30 ounces of milk in a day to your baby then you may easily let go off 400 to 600 calories, which is quite a substantial amount of calories. Therefore, to compensate for the lost calories, a breastfeeding mother is required to consume extra calories.
Mothers not only burn calories from breastfeeding but they also derive many health benefits from it too. It is seen that mothers who practise breastfeeding for more than six months are at a lesser risk of having breast cancer later in their life. Also, the mothers who suffer from gestational diabetes are less likely to have type 2 diabetes later in life if they practise breastfeeding soon after birth.
How Many Extra Calories Should a Breastfeeding Mom Consume?
A breastfeeding mother requires a whole lot of calories because she is producing milk for her baby and that drains her body to a great extent. So, the question here is how many calories per day does a breastfeeding mother require? We have learnt from the above section that on an average a breastfeeding mom burns some 300 to 700 calories in a day through breastfeeding. This means in order to pep her body’s lost calories she needs to consume extra calories. A regular woman, who is neither breastfeeding nor pregnant consumes roughly 1800 to 2000 calories in a day, though this may vary according to her age, height and how active she is. However, as soon as a woman becomes pregnant, the doctor may advise her to include approximately 300 more calories in her diet in a day, and this may further increase to 500 calories a day when she begins breastfeeding her baby. Therefore, when you start breastfeeding, you should consume approximately 2200 to 3000 calories in a day. When you are nursing a newborn baby 8 to 10 times a day your body needs more calories, and then you may gradually decrease your calorie intake as your baby grows and when he may start taking solid foods or formula milk.
Will Breastfeeding Help You Lose Weight?
When you breastfeed your baby, your baby is not only protected against respiratory problems, allergies, cavities etc. but it also helps your baby build a better immunity against various fatal illnesses. Breastfeeding offers immense health benefits for the mother too, as it not only reduces postpartum depression but also reduces the risk of diabetes, breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases and some cancers too.
Apart from all this, breastfeeding a baby is a nature’s way of getting the mother to lose all that extra pregnancy bulk and get back into shape too, but there is not enough scientific evidence that state the same. In one of the studies conducted on breastfeeding moms, it was observed that mothers to exclusively breastfed and those who breastfed partially lost considerable amounts of post-pregnancy weight in comparison to mothers who fed formula milk to their babies. Also, only relying on breastfeeding and not controlling what you eat and not doing enough exercise may affect your health adversely. Thus to lose all that extra pregnancy pounds, you not only have to eat a healthy diet, but you also need to exercise your way through the healthy weight loss. On the other hand, if you have seen an upward trend in your weight that is you may be gaining weight in spite of breastfeeding, this may indicate that you need to lower your calorie intake.
Healthy Diet Required during Breastfeeding
A breastfeeding mother is required to make healthy choices when it comes to adding calories to her diet. Hogging on unhealthy foods and snacks is not only bad for your health, but your baby may not get enough nutrition for his optimal growth and development too. You should eat a 300 to 400 calorie snack every few hours to replenish your body’s energy resource. A cup of unsweetened yoghurt, a glass of milk, a fruit or a handful of nuts is a great snacking option in between the meals. Also, keep yourself adequately hydrated because breast milk is mostly water. If you do not consume ample amounts of water not only will it hamper your milk supply but it will also make you dehydrated. Keep drinking water and other fluids at regular intervals. Keep a tab on the colour of your urine, in case it turns a darker shade of yellow, you may be suffering from dehydration. Also, your doctor may recommend you some multi-vitamin tablets to compensate for your added nutritional requirements.
Breastfeeding requires you to consume more calories than you may have been consuming in pregnancy and before that. Get in touch with your doctor to know more on your ideal calorie intake while breastfeeding.
Also Read: Breastfeeding Myths & Facts Read more
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Antibiotics In Pregnancy - What to Have & What to Avoid
Antibiotics are the basic medications provided to treat fungal, viral and bacterial infections. Some of them are in the narrow spectrum (for example - penicillin) and treat single or several infections; whereas some are in the broad spectrum (for example - tetracycline or ampicillin) and treat a range of bacteria specific illnesses.
Why Do You Need Antibiotics In Pregnancy?
Pregnancy is a crucial time for a woman as she undergoes a lot of changes within her body. It brings with it vulnerability to infections which may need to be treated with antibiotics, as leaving the illness untreated poses a risk to the baby’s health. One should remember that use of antibiotics during pregnancy may sometimes prove more beneficial than harmful, so it can be prescribed even in the third trimester for a short effective duration. It is important that one does not self-medicate and consults a doctor before using an antibiotic.
Are Antibiotics Safe In Pregnancy?
Antibiotics vary in terms of the risk they pose during pregnancy. There are some antibiotics that can cause harm to the mother as well as the foetus and are not safe to be used. You should acutely analyse the effects of the prescribed antibiotics, weigh the benefits, and take the medication only if no other alternative drug exists.
How Safe Are Antibiotics During Pregnancy?
It is important to bear in mind that pregnant women who do not treat their illness may pose a higher risk for the newborn. Besides, side effects of any medication largely depend on the amount of medicine consumed, the span of time for which it is taken and the stage of pregnancy.
How Is The Safety Of Antibiotics Ascertained?
Antibiotics are essential and have been used in pregnancy safely for years. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rates certain antibiotics in categories of A, B, C, D and X, based on its safety during pregnancy. Medications under A and B are usually contemplated to be safe for pregnant women. In 2011, the committee of American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) validated the safety of antibiotics that are commonly prescribed in pregnancy. The conclusions were drawn based on:
Investigations conducted on lab animals
Studies on women using antibiotics and showing low risk of birth defects
Several years of use of antibiotics in obstetrics
List Of Antibiotics Safe In Pregnancy
In pregnancy, antibiotics should be used only when prescribed by the doctor. It is important to consult a medical professional to ascertain what antibiotics are safe during pregnancy.
As per ACOG, safe antibiotics include the following:
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ampicillin
Keflex
Ancef
Rocephin
Gentamycin
Neomycin
Nitrofurantoin
Clindamycin
Cephalexin
Antibiotics To Avoid In Pregnancy
While antibiotics may be essential in some situations, is important to be aware that they may have harmful side effects and may interfere with the body’s ability to fight illness. During pregnancy, some antibiotics affect the baby in the first and third trimesters, while some have their effect throughout pregnancy.
The following antibiotics are classified under category D, as unsafe for pregnancy:
Streptomycin and Kanamycin cause damage to the auditory nerve, leading to hearing loss in new-born.
Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline and Oxytetracycline cause discolouration of baby’s teeth.
Sulphonamide interferes with bile metabolism and transport in the baby’s liver and may also cause neonatal jaundice.
Macrobid and Macrodantin affect the baby’s red blood cells.
Common Infections During Pregnancy
The most common infections faced during pregnancy that require a certain level of antibiotic treatment are:
Vaginal Infections- Metronidazole is used to cure vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. Earlier it was believed to cause congenital birth defects but was later declared safe.
Urinary tract infection- This is a common condition faced by pregnant women. Antibiotics for urinary tract infection during pregnancy are:
Nitrofurantoin (also termed Macrobid / Macrodantin) - recommended until 36 weeks of pregnancy as later it may adversely affect the foetus’s red blood cells
Trimethoprim (also termed Bactrim / Septa) - it often interferes with the absorption of folic acid and may cause a neural tube defect in the baby. It is recommended to be taken with a daily prenatal vitamin and a folic acid supplement, to cover the loss.
Precautions To Take While Having Antibiotics In Pregnancy
Researchers advise pregnant women to follow certain guidelines while taking an antibiotic. The following precautions are advisable for ensuring better health of the mother and baby:
Use An Antibiotic Only If No Alternate Treatment Suffices
Antibiotics are generally not recommended during pregnancy except for some serious illness.
Choose Single Prescriptions Over Polypharmacy
Avoid combination medicines that are known to cure several symptoms at a go. As per research, such drugs often result in hypertension or high blood pressure in pregnant women.
Do Not Treat Viral Infections With Antibiotics
Antibiotics are ineffective in viral infections. Besides, overuse of antibiotics leads to drug-resistant bacteria, making them ineffective in the future.
Avoid Antibiotics During The First Trimester
Babies are most vulnerable during the first trimester when their organs and tissues are developing
Start With Lowest Possible Effective Dose
Low dosage helps minimise drug accumulation and toxicity in the infant.
Do Not Use Over The Counter Medications During Antibiotic Treatment
Many over-the-counter medicines are not well tested for safety of pregnant women. Do consult a doctor before taking any OTC medicine, vitamin or supplement.
Choose Safer Medication
Use proven and tested antibiotics (preferably tested on pregnant women)
Self-medication in any situation is best avoided, and this is especially true when one is pregnant. Make sure you see a doctor for any ailment and only use medicines prescribed to ensure a smooth pregnancy and to protect your baby.
Also Read: Pregnancy Diet Chart - A Simple Diet Plan For A Pregnant Woman Read more
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How to Throw a Socially Distanced And Memorable Baby Shower
It's impossible to have a baby shower in the conventional sense in the Covid-19 period. Many items must be adjusted, including the number of visitors, the amount of room available, and how food is served, and it can feel uncomfortable. But you get to see your guests and feel a little closer to how things were formulated before the pandemic.With the spike in the cases, it seems impossible to throw a great baby shower party. Still, we have found ways in which you can enjoy a decent baby shower party. Here is some stuff to think about while preparing your socially distant baby shower, based on the guidelines for activities and gatherings. Keep in mind: Check your city and state's Covid-19 laws as well, as we tailor them to your community’s health and safety needs and can be more stringent.Keep a check on the guestsWe recommend that you limit/reduce the number of guests to help reduce the risk of community transmissions of Covid-19. As good as it would be to have anyone on your future guest list in attendance, the expert recommends that you limit/reduce the number of guests to help reduce the risk of community transmissions of Covid-19. If you have a wide family or group of friends, you'll have to narrow it down to only your immediate family or closest friends.However, the department advises that you only invite guests from the same group before sending out your invitations. If you have invitees who live in another city or state, having them attend remotely is the safest choice. To help them join in the game, make a FaceTime/Skype/Zoom call from your phone in the middle of the crowd.Location Even though you won't have as many guests as a traditional baby shower, you'll still need plenty of room for everyone to spread out. Household groups should be at least six feet apart, according to social distancing guidelines, so keep that in mind when deciding where to put your shower.Although guests must be separated, it is appropriate for members of the same household to be close together so that you can assign seating to your guests by household. If at all necessary, have visitors carry their seating (such as lawn chairs).Arrange food and drinks Hand sanitizer, a water faucet/sink, and soap should be the only communal products so that you and your guests don't touch the same stuff all the time. So, do you want to eat and drink family-style or at a buffet? Ignore them. Instead, opt for meals that are individually packaged. Consider school field trip sack lunches: each guest gets a sandwich, bag of chips, cookie, and drink. You may also offer guests the option of selecting their things from a pre-determined list on the invitation. If you're preparing the food yourself (wear a mask, face shield, hair net, and gloves!) or ordering catering, follow food safety protocol.How to make your social distanced party enjoyable?If you're using someone's backyard, have visitors enter through a side or back gate rather than the front door and restrict their time inside to the toilet.Invite visitors to bring their lawn chairs, if at all necessary.Seats should be six feet apart, with families grouped.Serve individually packaged meals and prepare food with gloves, a mask, a hairnet, and a face shield.Include games that allow you to separate yourself from others in a social setting.Get to know the city and state laws, as well as the CDC's recommendations.Guests can be limited to around a dozen people or six households.Make masks a requirement (put that on the invitations)They should keep different masks on hand in case guests forget theirs.Keep the band as much as possible outside.If you can't get outside, make sure your indoor room is big enough for social distancing and clean it thoroughly before and after your shower.GamesGames are frequently one of the most enjoyable aspects of a baby shower, and just because visitors must remain socially distant doesn't mean you can't have any enjoyable activities.Many conventional baby shower games, such as baby gift bingo and these printable games, are ideal for social distancing, and they can also adapt some of our favorite virtual baby shower games for in-person showers. You can play it as long as guests can engage from their specified six-foot-apart areas and do not have to come into physical contact with one another.Conclusion These are the tips you need to follow to enjoy a great baby shower party. With the pandemic going on, the would-be mother might not want to have a baby shower. She might feel that the pandemic ripped off the most beautiful day, but you must make sure that she gets all that she planned about. This will give her endless memories to cherish for a lifetime. Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
9 hours ago
Q. When baby movement starts??
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
9 hours ago
A. 5-6 months ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
9 hours ago
Q. hello dr..I am 39 weeks 3 days pregnant, AFI level 8 is this normal?and normal delivery possible for me? Is the fluid enough for up to 1 week?Do I need a drip? please suggest me.
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
9 hours ago
A. the levels are on the lower side. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Sarika gupta has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
7 hours ago
Q. Hi.. Priyanka kalra doctor..I am 39 weeks 3 days pregnant, AFI level 8 is this normal?and normal delivery possible for me? Is the fluid enough for up to 1 week?Do I need a drip? please suggest me.
Sarika gupta
Mom of 2 children
7 hours ago
A. Hello there ma’am please do not worry about it too much and it is quite difficult to say anything about it without personally examination and proper reports evaluation. So better to consult with your treating gynaecologist in person as she knew the exact health condition of your pregnancy and can guide you better.
Take care
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
5 hours ago
Q. Hi, for May 1st they will check AFI fluid... should I need to be on empty bladder for that scan... which is around 37 weeks
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
5 hours ago
A. It’s completely normal this kind of an ultrasound is different it is not necessary that your stomach should be full or you should go empty stomach you can have your basic breakfast and all whatever you would want to eat before you go ahead with getting a scan and there is no need to go empty stomach for the scan
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
5 hours ago
Q. hi everyone..the position of my baby is still in breech position from first trimester till now as I entered in my third trimester position is still breech is it normal..
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
4 hours ago
A. Absolutely hundred percent normal if the child changes the position then it’s just a matter of time otherwise I would just say that sometimes kids do not change the position throughout their pregnancy so now you should just be mentally sorted to have a C-section
parminder kaur has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
5 hours ago
Q. Mera Mera 7th month end pe hai ab scan Karate doctor please tell me
parminder kaur
Mom of a 1 yr 1 m old boy
5 hours ago
A. yess
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