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Typhoid in Babies – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
For the first few years, your baby’s immune system is still in the process of development. This makes your little one more susceptible to viral and bacterial infection. It is imperative to decrease your child’s exposure to disease-causing microorganisms in this period. Maintaining proper sanitary and hygiene conditions protects your baby from infections.
Typhoid is a bacterial infection which can be life-threatening for babies. Read on to find out more about typhoid in babies, its symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention.
Video: Typhoid in Babies – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgSmR-8jFDk
What is Typhoid?
Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is a type of bacteria from the family Salmonella (causes food poisoning), which causes typhoid fever. The bacteria lives in humans and is shed through a person’s urine or faeces. When the bacteria enters the body, it multiplies quickly and spreads into the body’s bloodstream. Typhoid fever in children can be caused due to negligent care and exposure to infected water and food. The symptoms seen are mild to severe and can disappear within 5 days after the treatment has begun. After recovery, your child could become a carrier of the bacteria, which means he can pass the disease to other people.
Causes of Typhoid in Babies
The Salmonella Typhi bacteria attacks the central circulatory system and starts to multiply. Typhoid is an extremely infectious disease, which spreads fast and can be caused by these major reasons:
Food and water: Like cholera, typhoid is mainly transmitted through water and food. Babies contract the disease by consuming contaminated food or water.
Carrier: Babies may become infected when a carrier or infected person touches them without washing their hands.
Food preparation: Unhygienic meals or improper storage also leads to typhoid in babies.
Stools: The typhoid bacteria is passed in the stools of the infected person and not washing hands after going to the toilet can lead to an infection.
While typhoid is common in children between the ages of two and five, toddlers and babies can also easily contract it. The symptoms seen in toddlers and babies can easily be confused with other illnesses. It is uncommon for solely breastfed babies to get infected as they gain immunity through their mother’s milk and are protected against contaminated food as they don’t consume it.
What Symptoms of Typhoid are Seen in Babies?
The symptoms of typhoid in babies develop within a week or two after your baby comes into contact with the contaminated drink or food. These symptoms can last for up to 4 weeks or longer. Typhoid signs in children or babies include:
Persisting low-grade fever of 100.4 degrees F, which increases over time and that lasts for over three days
In some babies, the fever has a pattern of climbing higher as the day passes, and eventually dropping by the morning.
Abdominal and/or stomach pain. Sometimes this leads to body pain
The baby feels uneasy, weak, tired and inactive
Coated tongue
Severe headache
Diarrhoea or constipation
Rose-coloured spots on chest after week 1, which maybe difficult to see initially
Loss of appetite
Loss in baby’s weight
These symptoms can range from mild to severe, on the basis of factors that include health, age and vaccination history.
How to Diagnose Typhoid?
Typhoid can be quite difficult to diagnose. The paediatrician will check for a slow heartbeat and a swollen spleen and liver is he/she suspects typhoid. It is likely that your baby’s blood will be tested and a stool sample will be sent to the lab. On arrival of these results, the doctor can confirm if your little one has typhoid.
Although there is a test called the Typhi-dot test, it isn’t used commonly. Instead, blood culture is used to diagnose the ailment. The results will take a while to arrive, which is why the paediatrician will also check the physical signs to rule out other infections such as dysentery, malaria or pneumonia.
While the blood and stool test results are awaited, it is likely that the doctor will prescribe antibiotics for your baby. Delaying medication or treatment strategies will increase the risk of developing complications.
When to Seek Immediate Care?
If your baby is showing signs of high fever, uneasiness, persistent vomiting and diarrhoea, you must take her/him to the doctor. Even if the symptoms are mild, it is advisable see a doctor to nip any infection in the bud.
Complications of Typhoid in Babies
If typhoid fever isn’t treated immediately, it can lead to several complications, especially if your child has been ill for over two weeks. When neglected for this long, the illness can also be fatal. Complications of typhoid in infants include:
Bleeding in the intestines and stomach
Shock and confusion
Blood poisoning
Bronchitis
Meningitis
Coma
Pneumonia
Infections in the kidney or gall bladder
Cholecystitis or gall bladder inflammation
Inflammation of the pancreas
Myocarditis or the inflammation of heart muscles
Delirium
Inflammation of the valves and lining in the heart
Treating Typhoid in Infants
Once the doctor has confirmed the infection of the Salmonella Typhi bacteria in your baby, a list of antibiotics will be prescribed to kill thisbacteria. Treatment of typhoid fever in children will include administering these medicines for up to two weeks, or the duration it is prescribed for. It is advisable to not buy these antibiotics over the counter and self-medicate. The doctor’s prescription will ensure that your baby or toddler gets the right type of medication and the correct dosage based on the age and weight.
If your little one is severely ill and cannot eat or drink, the doctor will get him/her admitted in the hospital. Fluids, antibiotics, and nutrients will be given to your baby through a drip in the arm. However, most of the babies and toddlers can be taken care of at home during their recovery phase. It is essential to ensure that your little one is given the full course of antibiotics. While at home, your baby can recover faster if you follow these tips:
Food and fluids: The typhoid fever will leave your baby devoid of essential fluids lost during sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea. So, ensure enough water is provided to the baby. The paediatrician might also suggest ORS or oral rehydration solution to replace the fluids your little one has lost. Although the baby might suffer a loss of appetite, it is essential that he/she gets regular nutrition to retain energy levels in order to recover. If your baby is still being breastfed, offer breast milk frequently, or let the baby nurse for as long as possible. For toddlers, meals must be broken down into smaller portions and distributed throughout the day.
Rest: Your baby needs a lot of rest while recovering from the fever until the symptoms have completely passed. This helps the body become strong faster.
Refreshing wash: If you don’t wish to bathe your baby every day during the illness, you must try to give a refreshing wash at least once a day. A sponge bath is also a preferred cleaning technique for your baby. Change clothing every day so your baby feels refreshed and clean.
Are There any Preventive Measures?
The Government of Indian along with the Indian Academy of Paediatrics has recommended a vaccine for the prevention of typhoid. It is administered to your baby between the ages of 9-12 months. Two booster injections are given in a span of two years, between 4 and 6 years. Although the vaccine is an important preventive measure, there are few other steps that help as well.
Clean water: Ensure that your family and baby always drink and use clean water. Contaminated and unclean water is the key to most illnesses. Boil the water or filter it before consuming.
Proper nutrition: There is no evidence that typhoid is transmitted through breast milk. Therefore, continue to breastfeed your baby. If your little one is older, provide varied, healthy meals that include proteins, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables with every meal. Avoid street vendors and food from outside.
Hygiene: Your entire family must practice good hygiene and wash hands thoroughly with water and soap before eating, cooking, feeding the baby, after using the toilet, after touching pets, and after changing the baby’s nappy. Bathe the baby daily to keep the germs away. Keep the kitchen and surfaces clean and tidy and throw away expired food products.
What are the Typhoid Vaccines?
Typhoid is quite a common illness in India, Southeast Asia, and Papua New Guinea. If you are traveling to these countries or live in them, your baby could be at a greater risk of contracting this disease. The right type of vaccination will protect your baby from being infected with the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. Two types of typhoid vaccine for children are available:
Injection: This type of vaccine is injected into the arms of children up to two years of age.
Oral: Vivotif oral or other oral vaccines are given to children who are six years or older.
The vaccines offer protection to the child for up to three years. Ensure that your child is vaccinated during the initial years of development to avoid an infection.
Conclusion:
If typhoid is diagnosed at the right time, your baby has a greater chance of recovery. When delayed, typhoid can lead to fatality. Ensure preventive measures are taken to keep the disease at bay so your little one can have a healthy childhood. Read more
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How to Make Kite for Kids - 5 Easy Ideas
Flying kites can be the best way to take your children outdoors and get them some fresh air. It is also a great time for family bonding.
5 Simple and Fun Kite Making Ideas for Kids
Making a kite for kids at home is not a difficult thing. Here are 5 easy and fun kite making ideas for kids:
1. Newspaper Kite
You can make a simple kite of newspaper lying around in the house.
What You Need
1 sheet of newspaper
Strips of scrap fabric
Kite string
Two bamboo sticks or dowel
Glue and Tape
How To Make
Cut the stick of bamboo as per the length of the sheet of newspaper. One of the stick should be rigid and the other one should be a bit flexible to bend.
Tie the sticks together using the string. It should look like a cross.
Tie the string around the end of the bamboo sticks and cut small parts to keep the string in place.
Now, spread the sheet of newspaper over the frame made from bamboo sticks. Fold the edges over the thread and stick in place.
Now tie a long string to the cross on the kite. Your Newspaper kite is ready!
2. Kite for Pre-schoolers
This kite is perfect for pre-schoolers and young children.
What You Need
Stapler
Paper
Yarn
How To Make
Fold a sheet of paper into two halves.
Measure and mark two points on the paper. Point A at two and a half inches and Point B at three and a half inches.
Take two corners of the paper and staple it at point A.
Make a hole at point B and tie a piece of yarn through the hole. The kite for Pre-schoolers is ready!
3. Paper Bag Kite
Use a simple paper bag to make this kite.
What You Need
One paper bag
Two 12-inch skewers or sticks
A six-inch stick
String
Fabric strips or Crepe paper
Paints/Crayons/Markers
Tape
How To Make
Cut the paper bag in size of 12*16 inches. Then, fold the piece of paper in half horizontally.
Now from the shorter end, measure and mark four inches.
Measure four inches from the open and long side. Sketch a line from the top side to the open four-inch side mark. Now cut along the line that you have sketched.
Then you can open the kite and decorate it with colours and patterns.
Then stick the twelve-inch sticks on the four-inch marks that you had folded.
Attach the string to the end of the kite and tie a sixteen-inch string through each hole.
Wrap the left-over string around the six-inch stick and tie a long string to the end.
4. Paper Kite
A simple kite with bulletin paper that can you can make with your kids.
What You Need
Bulletin paper
Dowel
Scissors
A strip of cloth
Sting, Glue or tape
How To Make
Cut out a perfect square from a big piece of paper.
Fold the paper to get the shape of a triangle. Repeat the step from the other side.
Unfold the paper and place the dowel vertically on the crease of the folded line.
Now, place another piece of dowel above the centre of the paper to make the spar. The spine should run through the centre of the spar, with equal width on both sides.
Secure the dowel with a string or a tape. You can also make use of a hot glue gun to ensure that the frame is attached.
Put the dowels along the edges and attach them to the paper. Glue or tape the string to the folded edge to cut off the extra portion. He can also bolster the design by taping the centre and edges.
Make two holes one-inch above and below the point of centre to string to the dowel.
Tie string through the flying line through the holes and tie to the dowel.
Take a cloth strip and attach it to the bottom of the kite. This will be the tail of the kite.
Tie a string to the keel string. Your diamond kite is ready!
5. Delta Kite
This kite uses several features for a fun and colourful look.
What You Need
Ruler
Scissors
Black Marker
Blackwood Dowel
Hacksaw
Two-ply plastic bags (two-feet wide and one metre tall)
Electric Tape
Flying Line
How To Make
Place the plastic bag flat on the floor and keep the closed end of the plastic on the top. Measure and mark three points on the top left corner of the plastic bag.
Connect the points with the help of a black marker. Turn the plastic upside down and trace over all the black lines.
Cut the top and right side of the bag. Open it to view the outlines of the complete sail.
The sail will be ready after you cut along all the black lines.
Take a 27-inch and a 5 mm long dowel. Put the dowel on the centreline of the sail.
Cut two more pieces of thirty-two-inch long dowel and put them on the leading edges of the sail.
Take two-inch-long pieces of tape and stick them down. Fold the pieces of tape to the underside of the plastic.
Now take a twenty-eight-inch long dowel and lay it on the sail around thirty-one cm from the nose.
Take a two eight-inch long tape and stick them down. Fold the tapes to the underside of the plastic.
Without letting the dowel stick on the sail, wrap the dowel with tape.
Make a hole in the sail, just where the horizontal dowels cross one another. Thread the flying line through the hole and tie it around the vertical spar.
If you have some strips of plastic leftovers, take a long two-inch wide strip and stick at one end of the kite.
Encourage your kid to use the above ideas to learn how to make a paper kite for kids.
Also Read:
Paper Crafts for Kids
Cardboard Crafts for Kids
Origami Crafts for Kids Read more
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Trending Accessories in India in 2019
We’re two months into 2019 – things are fast changing! The trends that ruled markets and malls and magazines last year are about to be replaced with new ones, because that’s how quick fashion is changing. We did a little digging to tell you what is going to rule this year!
Top Accessories that Will Trend in 2019
Move away tassels and chokers, because there’s so many other cool accessories that are going to rule 2019. Here’s our prediction:
1. Thin Strappy Heels
These elegant, simple, and no-nonsense accessories are the trend already! Aptly known as the ‘barely there’ heels, they’re perfect for any occasion and go with almost any outfit, starting from saris to kurtis and even party dresses. They’re also trending on most online stores and are being sold at heavy discounts, so hurry and take your pick!
2. Sculptural Heels
Sculptural heels are the perfect mix of eccentric and classy. The factor that distinguishes sculptural shoes from regular shoes is the odd and funky shaped heel of the shoe – it could be oval, triangular, or in any other geometrical or random shape there is. One of the most popular pair in this category is the shoes with transparent heels – with the rest of the shoe looking as regular as can be. These are super eye-catching. Sculptural heels are the perfect accessory for an evening event or party.
3. Shrunken Bags
While big is undeniably beautiful, we’re loving ‘small’ too! These shrunken bags are compact, easy to carry, convenient, and don’t steal the show from your outifit. One of the popular accessory trends of 2019, you’ll find a myriad cute and adorable designs and patterns in stores both online and offline. These bags are the perfect gift idea as well – who can resist a cute bag that can fit in all the essentials without turning misshapen or difficult to carry?
4. Pearls
Yes, they’re back! Pearls are making their way into 2019, and in extremely creative ways! Aside from pearl earrings and necklaces (which are also beautifully designed in contemporary patterns), pearls are being used in creative ways like in hair clips, hairbands, embellishments on purses and on clothes as patch-work. You know what this means - get your old pearls out, and get your creativity flowing!
5. Embellishments
Another awesome accessory trend in 2019 that’s slowly going to make its way into our closet is embellished everythings! From wallets to purses to plain dresses, jackets and even shoes, be prepared to see gorgeous embellishments on your everyday outfits and accessories. The best part about this trend is that you can make your simple outfit pop just by carrying some fancy embellished accessories.
6. Angular Sunglasses
Move over, cat eye frames – angular glasses and sunnies are the chic-est 2019 accessory! These glasses are cute, eccentric and super chic when worn the right way. You can choose from the many options available, right from cylindrical to hexagonal. Be prepared to set out looking like an absolute trendsetter with these angular frames this year!
7. Floral Jewellery
Floral is everywhere this season – from clothes to wedding decor to home decor! Floral patterns provide a beautiful, fresh look to anything, so it’s only fair that floral jewellery became the trend this year. Don’t shy away from wearing beautiful flower-shaped earrings or a necklace or bracelet with dainty flower patterns on them. It’s the season – enjoy it! However, there’s a fine line between gaudy and tasteful with florals, so opt for this trend after careful research!
8. Oversized Earrings
In the jewellery space, there’s a lot of things that are going strong, and oversized earrings is one of the norms. This 2019, don’t shy away from wearing long, chunky earrings with a bare neck to really bring focus to your gorgeous earrings! You can go for any style you like in the oversized category, from danglers to big hoops – the possibilities are endless! Here is our list of trending earrings you can scout for in your next shopping trip!
These are our predicted accessory trends for 2019. Go on and try these out – stores both online and offline have many of these trends stacked up. Go on, get trendy!
Also Read:
Trending and Fashionable Office Wear Ideas for Women
How to Choose the Best Sunglasses for Your Face Shape
Trendy Hairstyles You Need to Rock This Year Read more
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You are not alone mommy, Bullying mothers for under weight child is cruel .
Blessed with a baby girl ,in July 2020, yes delivered in peak pandemic situation.
I'm a doctor(was working as a RMO in Mumbai ) but left job after having very bad nausea and giddiness due to pregnancy in dec 2019. And went to native place during January 2020.
Everything was good until then. I was not planning to deliver baby in native place because of less medical facilities. I came back to mumbai in March and within a week first lockdown started.
Meanwhile in February my husband went to resume his duties in merchant navy for 6 months .
My in laws and parents both shifted to native places after retirements.
My brother works in ONGC and have duties which need him to go on rig.
Due to restrictions no one can come and stay with me when he need to resume duty.
neighbors are also scared which is actually not their fault ,they didn't want me to catch infection as I was pregnant.
I finally took decision to live at native place till situation comes under control.
And did necessary arrangements and I finally went to native in may again.
Till then no gynecologist was ready to do one on one examination unless absolute necessary. They were just asking to monitor the health of a mother and weightgain and other symptoms according to trimester. Which are upto the mark. I was gaining weight properly.
In native ,no private practitioner was ready to take my case because I went there from mumbai (high alert zone ).
I could take only one USG in institution level hospital in KARAD (1.5 hour travel from my native) . In that we got to know that baby was having borderline normal weight and other markers were absolutely normal ,many times baby gain weight in last trimester. The doctor asked me to keep watch on my weight. Which I did. I gained 6 kgs in last trimester. Baby's movement and all are normal throughout.
When I passed my EDD went to get USG only to found out that baby is IUGR and in distress and I need to get emergency cesarian done.
It's done, I took my baby in hands ,she was 1900 grams, all healthy but underweight. Tears rolled down in a frustration. I monitor many pregnant women ,gave them suppliments needed , prescribed them necessary meds. deliver healthy babies , and I couldn't keep track of my own baby because of lockdown . God is great he kept my baby alive in this stressed situation .
But our struggles just started after this. Bullying mother bcz her child is underweight is most cruel thing in the world...
We returned to mumbai when my baby is 1 month old to get good medical advice
My baby tripled her birth weight in 8 months without any suppliment . Exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months and then baby led weaning. We were happy. But then she had UTI. And weight got stucked between 5.8 -6.2 kg for almost 6 months. Pediatrician (30 years experienced ) is constantly telling me she is doing great according to her birth weight and condition. Just keep eye on milestones. She achieved all her milestones of that age perfectly. She is now 7.3 kg at 19 months age. Can speak almost 50 words, few two word sentences, identifies over 20 birds and animals , 10 transport vehicles , mimic everything possible. eat with her hands and know how to eat with spoon, she turns pages of baby board books as well as normal pages books. Mimics few of her rhymes. Least interested in TV and mobile. But all these things make happy only two people, me and her pediatrician. Everyone else is just concern about her weight.
I heard things like "stop breastfeeding then she will eat" ,"don't you feed her anything? She is so lean.", " Ask your pediatrician to give her tonics, she is so tiny. Don't you care for her? You should force doctor to give her tonics or meds for weight gain." Give her gripe water, give her cerelac, give her this give her that.
These comments make me sick. How can people say that mother don't feed baby properly that's why she is lean. Even if explaining her birth condition and advice by doctors they keep on stressing that I should give her weight gain meds/ remedies.
She is perfectly gaining weight according to WHO norms but just bcz people are used to have this idea in mind that any should be chubby and then only he is healthy they start bullying me. I wonder from where they get the nerves to give health advice to a doctor mother.
Society need to change the mindset , and need to understand that healthy baby is not always mean chubby baby. Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
4 hours ago
Q. hello everyone, please suggest me, am getting pain in lower abdomen right side, anybody plz tell me why am getting pain pls
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
4 hours ago
A. this needs proper examination to find out problems like appendicitis. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 2 months
3 hours ago
Q. hi mam for 2days I am seeing my baby bumb decreasing is it cause of worry?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 8 m old girl
3 hours ago
A. I don’t know how the bumps of your child decreasing that’s not fair to me second you have not mentioned the current age of your child to do it and there is no clarity in the query it would be difficult for me to help us so if you don’t mind can you please repost with all the necessary details associated with your question
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
2 hours ago
Q. Hello I had my period missed for April month and today I got my period. Is it normal to have period after 1 month or is there anything I should be worried about? Iam worried please let me know if that's ok or should I consult my doctor
Read moreDr Ghouse
Paediatrician
2 hours ago
A. consult your doctor for any evaluation required. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
2 hours ago
Q. hllo am in 34 week of pregnancy,cramps in my hand and foots,my pulses is very fast,i feel tiredness internally,are these symptoms are normal
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
2 hours ago
A. get investigations particularly hemoglobin level. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
2 hours ago
Q. i feel some fever internally also
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
2 hours ago
A. please check the temperature and get the investigations. fever can be because of different reasons most of the times viral bacterial sometimes due to less immunity there can be recurrence better to treat only with paracetamol if the fever more than 100degr
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
1 hour ago
Q. Now I am having pain till then my miscarriage has been done at home
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 8 m old girl
1 hour ago
A. I’m sorry I’m unable to understand your query as you haven’t given any detail about it so whatever the situation is you should get a check with your gynaecologist the doctor would be able to give you better help in whatever treatment of precaution you need to require further
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