Videos you might be interested in
Videos you might be interested in
Videos you might be interested in
Suggested for you
Body Changes During Pregnancy - Week By Week
Pregnancy is a major life event and getting to know the signs, symptoms, and changes your body goes through can help reduce discomfort in the process. Classic cases of finding out you're pregnant begin with a pregnancy test, but there are ways you can find out you've got that baby coming even before taking a test. Read on to find out how.
What Are The Physical Changes During Pregnancy?
Physical body changes in pregnant women are the primary markers of finding out whether someone's pregnant. Here are some of the common symptoms or answers related to what changes occur during pregnancy:
Missed Period - Sometimes a misleading symptom for cases of irregular menstrual cycles, a missed period can often denote you're pregnant. If your menstrual cycle hasn't yet begun despite the stipulated time having past since your last period, then you may be pregnant.
Tender And Swollen Breasts - Sensitive breasts accompanied by soreness and slight discomfort is another sign of pregnancy. The discomfort occurs from hormonal changes occurring inside your body and gradually decreases with time.
Nausea - Nausea can strike at any time of the time or night. Although not extremely clear, there is a co-relation between increased nausea during cases of pregnancy.
Frequent Urination - Pressure on the bladder and uterus increases as your baby starts growing in the womb. This leads to frequent trips to the bathroom.
Increased Fatigue - Progesterone levels are on the rise during pregnancies in the body. This will result in tiredness and fatigue.
Shortness of breath - Breathlessness or shortness of breath is another common sign in pregnancy cases. This is often followed by fatigue.
Although the above-mentioned common symptoms can be indicators of other health problems or issues in the body when you experience a mix of these symptoms at the same time, you may be pregnant and that's when you need to take a home pregnancy test to confirm.
Body Changes in Pregnant Woman - Week By Week Analysis
Your due date is calculated from the day your last menstrual cycle occurs. In just short 40 weeks, the body prepares for conceiving the baby.
Let's take a look at what occurs at the different stages of physical changes during pregnancy month by month, week by week.
Week 1
The sperm meets the egg between week 1 and week 2. Generally speaking, week 1 is usually the start of your pregnancy from the due date. Either of the two ovaries matures and releases an egg during this period. If both ovaries release eggs, you may bear non-identical twins. This is also the week from when you start taking your prenatal vitamins. The egg is swept into the fallopian tube and travels down the fallopian tube and awaits the arrival of sperm.
[Also Read: 1 Week Pregnant]
Week 2
Ovulation occurs during week 2. Two or three days before the second week is the best time to have intercourse to increase chances of a successful pregnancy. The breasts begin to glow as the glands produce estrogen and progesterone, causing hormonal surges and tender breasts.
[Also Read: 2 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 3
The sperm finally meets the egg and penetrates it out of 200 million competitors. The egg becomes the zygote at this stage and shuts down, preventing other sperms from penetrating it. Although physical changes are not imminent, changes on a biological level are definitely happening at this stage. The nuclei sets fuse with your zygote and assign it its gender and genetic characteristics, including eye colour, hair colour, and amongst 200 other similar genetically-determined characteristics.
[Also Read: 3 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 4
Body changes in the first month of pregnancy start manifesting at this stage. Some of the body changes during early pregnancy, are swollen and sore breasts, tiredness, frequent desire to urinate, and nausea. Usually, these symptoms occur in a mix, as they've been mentioned above. The formation of the placenta and the umbilical cord begins and the fertilised egg can dig into the uterus and place pressure, causing it to shed a few drops of blood. Testing should be done after a week since false-negatives are common when tests are done on the very first day of the end of menstrual cycles.
[Also Read: 4 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 5
The embryo begins to form and grows in size to that of a grain. Changes and development of the brain, organs, and blood vessels of the embryo take place. A groove develops on the back of the baby which seals itself to develop the neural tube, which later becomes the spinal cord of the baby.
[Also Read: 5 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 6
The neural tube becomes the spine and the heart starts pumping more blood into the embryo. The C-shape of the embryo becomes more pronounced and you may be susceptible to nausea and fatigue. Your blood pressure will also drop as a result of the rising production of pregnancy hormone levels. The embryo gets surrounded by a protective membrane and becomes attached to the yolk sac. Exercising will help you cope with the stress and give relief.
[Also Read: 6 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 7
Morning sickness worsens, the brain and face of the embryo start forming and taking shape. The eye lenses develop, nostrils form, and arms begin to form into a paddle-like shape. Mucus near the cervix thickens and seals the entrance to the womb. Fingers and toes form and signs of brainwave activity in the embryo start showing. You will experience mood swings, crankiness, and feel sick although this is a good sign since it indicates that your pregnancy hormones are in motion.
[Also Read: 7 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 8
The start of brainwave activity in the embryo is marked from the eighth week. The pelvis may experience sharp pains when standing up. The doctor checks for signs of heartbeat or embryo activity by means of ultrasound imaging. Once the embryo is confirmed, chances of miscarriage drop to 2% and an official due date is given from this point onward. During the first trimester of pregnancy, you may experience bleeding.
[Also Read: 8 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 9
Leakage of small amounts of urine occurs at this stage due to growing pressure on the bladder as a result of embryo development. The heart of the baby develops and eyelids, hair follicles, and nipples form. Bone development of the baby takes place in its arms and the embryo will give rise to hiccups. You may feel dehydrated and it is advised to drink plenty of water during this week since it's considered the roughest patch in the pregnancy according to most doctors.
[Also Read: 9 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 10
Genital formation occurs, eyelids become more pronounced, and the baby is now termed the "foetus". Oxygen is delivered through the umbilical cords and occasional breathing movements may be noticed in the womb.
[Also Read: 10 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 11
The first trimester body changes are prominent at this stage. The foetus can breathe, suck its thumb, and sigh. The head of the foetus is larger than the body. Food cravings become pronounced during the 11th week and you may find yourself craving for things unrelated to food such as pica, which may indicate a sign or deficiency in your diet. Consuming folate, fibre, and iron is essential and eating chives can help with this. The first-trimester ultrasound screening is done between weeks 11 and 13 to test for chromosomal abnormalities alongside a nuchal translucency test.
[Also Read: 11 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 12
Now 3 inches in length, your baby starts growing even more. The face of your baby will look more human and the baby will weigh about half an ounce. The rest of the body grows with the head growth of the foetus slowing down to accommodate the proportions of other body parts. The baby's posture changes into a curling and upright position. The muscles of your stomach slow down and your stools become a lot harder in nature. You will experience a gassy stomach, increased heart rate, and notice your hips widening to accommodate the growing size of your uterus. Since the uterus has a hard time fitting into the pelvis, it puts pressure on the abdomen and pushes into it to accommodate for space.
[Also Read: 12 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 13
The first trimester ends and the second trimester body changes enter into full swing. Consuming a lot of fluids is important and you may start eating meals for two. You will experience more energy, reduced nausea, and swimming exercises are often recommended for pregnant women at this stage alongside low-impact yoga workouts. Prenatal hiccups by the baby are experienced to clear up diaphragm passages and facilitate breathing function. Kidney function inside the baby begins and the bone marrow starts white blood cell production to fight against various diseases. The pancreas, gall bladder, and thyroid will have also developed during this week.
[Also Read: 13 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 14
The baby's organs begin functioning and you'll actually be able to see individual facial characteristics through ultrasound scans. The intestine moves into the baby's body and insulin production in the baby begins. You'll experience for the first time stomach flutters or the first signs of baby's kicks. Your mood also improves and working out to the point where you can continue carrying conversations with others is recommended and not beyond that. The baby can now make subtle facial expressions as the facial muscles develop. Second-trimester screenings for neural-tube defects like spina bifida and trisomy 18 are done during this week.
[Also Read: 14 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 15
Screening tests for blood proteins and signs of Down syndrome or genetic defects are done at this stage. Female foetuses show more mouth movements compared to males. The foetus is about 5 inches in length and 2 ounces in weight. A noticeable bump appears near the belly button. You will also experience Braxton-Hicks contractions in your abdomen. Contact a doctor if you experience more than four contractions an hour and uncomfortable and frequent discharge of mucus in the vagina.
[Also Read: 15 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 16
A growth spurt begins followed by bone formation. You may find yourself gaining a pound per week. Your pelvic area will feel hard and firm. You'll also notice signs of your baby’s movment becoming more prominent.
[Also Read: 16 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 17
Lucid dreams which are often bizarre may be observed at this point. This reflects anxiety or worries regarding childbirth and parenthood which is totally normal. The baby weighs more than the placenta now. Brown fat responsible for heat generation in the baby's body gets deposited. Your breasts grow further, becoming sensitive, tender, and sometimes even ache. You'll even experience the "pregnancy glow", a form of radiance on your face which is a sign of increased blood circulation. The first kicks of your baby are experienced from this week onward till week 22 usually.
The placenta is now fully functioning as it absorbs and distributes nutrients whilst eliminating waste.
[Also Read: 17 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 18
More ultrasound tests can be done at this point to determine gender. Fluttery kicks can be felt even more and the baby may react to certain sounds. The baby's retina develops and becomes sensitive to light. The baby can change positions, do somersaults, and even cross her legs. Teeth formation and fat deposition also begin. Pain in the legs, tailbone and in other muscles, can be felt.
[Also Read: 18 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 19
Ultrasound scans of your baby may reveal pictures of the baby holding the membrane of the amniotic sac, sucking thumbs, or making movements in the womb. If the baby is a girl, then follicle formation inside her body begins, with half of your genetic material being formed inside her. Be sure to eat foods rich in B-vitamins and healthy fats since it contributes to the proper brain development of your baby.
[Also Read: 19 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 20
The uterus grows towards your rib cage at a rate of 1 centimeter per week. This is the time when mothers enroll in childbirth classes to learn techniques on easing anxiety and sliding smoothly through the labour process. Your mood will greatly improve since you're halfway there to giving birth to your baby. Immunities are transferred into the foetus from the uterus.
[Also Read: 20 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 21
From this point on, if you're 35 or older or if you have diabetes and other chronic conditions, you should be a little concerned about how body changes during pregnancy. Signs of being at risk of eclampsia begin to show from third trimester body changes. Otherwise, taking long walks and being relaxed is the daily regime at this point.
[Also Read: 21 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 22
This is the fifth month of your baby. The brain develops rapidly and you may experience hemorrhoids or constipation. Yeast infections around the vagina and frequent vaginal discharges are common signs in the body during this week.
Douching is warned against and vaginal discharges are marked by redness, itchiness, and yeast-smells.
The organs of the baby develop more fully and blood traveling through the umbilical cord supplies the foetus with oxygen and a host of other nutrients.
[Also Read: 22 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 23
Your baby's eyes are formed but you can’t tell the color due to lack of pigmentation. Your doctor may advise you against long distance drives or travels not because it's unsafe, but rather to ensure that they are ready to help you in case you go into labour.
[Also Read: 23 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 24
Your body will experience heartburn during this week. The indication of heartburn equates to hair growing on your baby's head. If you don't experience heartburn, your baby will probably turn out to be bald. Muscle aches, sore feet, fatigue, and dizziness are other body changes while pregnant at this week.
[Also Read: 24 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 25
Exercise is crucial from this point on to enhance the recovery process after childbirth. Your baby will have regular sleep cycles and their nostrils will open up. Its lungs will develop "surfactant" which helps with inflation and keeps the tiny air sacs open inside the lungs for better breathing. You will experience back, hip and leg pain in the body. Fatigue and dizziness will return.
[Also Read: 25 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 26
The baby's hearing system develops and is responsive to noises. You will experience discomfort during your sleep. Sleep on your side rather than the back because sleeping on the back will block blood flow to the baby due to the positioning of the uterus over a major artery. You may notice stretch marks forming near your abdomen.
[Also Read: 26 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 27
Pain on the back intensifies. You may experience shooting pains known as sciatica. Lifting, bending, and walking worsens the pain and amniotic fluid volumes lessen. The point ends of toes and knees or rather, bony edges can be seen when the baby moves. Your heart rate increases and you may feel flushed.
[Also Read: 27 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 28
The third trimester begins and you will begin experience Braxton-Hicks contractions near the abdomen which is basically a tightening sensation of the muscles in the abdomen. Weight gain rate increases and the baby's body fat percentage increases to 2 to 3 percent. Avoid standing too long in hot weather or for long periods of time since it can cause dizziness and lowered blood pressure. Drink plenty of water and stay in shades if you're pregnant during summers to get relief. Your belly will also grow in size and this will make your body feel uncomfortable. Legs cramps and
aches are common too.
[Also Read: 28 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 29
Frequent trips to the bathroom and napping are common during the 29th week. Your baby's breathing system and organ functions become developed and require no assistance in breathing. Prolactin production increases and your breasts secrete colostrum. The baby's adrenal glands produce estriol.
[Also Read: 29 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 30
Your uterus grows and begins crowding your diaphragm. You will experience breathlessness or shortness of breath. Difficulty in breathing, pressure on your bladder leading to frequent urination. Your childbirth classes will continue and end around week 36.
[Also Read: 30 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 31
The room in your womb decreases as your baby grows further and your belly expands even more. Ten kicks per hour denote the healthy rate of baby growth in the foetus and doctors assign women to keep track of how many kicks the baby does per hour. If you notice inactivity, drink a glass of fresh, natural fruit or vegetable juice.
[Also Read: 31 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 32
The five senses of the baby are fully developed by now. Your baby will experience REM cycles during sleep and breathing movements intensify inside your womb to get ready in preparation for childbirth.
[Also Read: 32 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 33
The baby's position becomes head-down indicating it may be ready to go through the motions of childbirth. This position also delivers more blood into his/her brain and you may experience more contractions in the abdomen.
[Also Read: 33 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 34
The pupils react when the light is shone on the stomach and dilate and constrict. Your baby sleeps a lot during this week inside your womb since his/her brain development is in progress. The baby also experiences REM cycles more profoundly during sleep and can see dreams too.
[Also Read: 34 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 35
Measuring roughly around 16 to 20 inches in size, your baby's size makes it look ready for childbirth. The baby's nervous and immune systems are at maturing stages during this week and your body will experience the weight of those added pounds. You may need to take breaks and sit down for short periods when walking around or doing normal, everyday tasks. For the next two weeks from the 35th week onward, you will be tested for the presence of Group B Streptococcus, which are bacteria that live in the vagina and are capable of passing on infections to the baby. The test usually involves a gentle dab in the rectum with a cotton swab.
[Also Read: 35 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 36
Your baby's movements should slow down and you will notice movements of the foetus occurring around 20 times a day. If you're concerned, you can drink a glass of orange juice and lie down on your side. This helps the babies to wake up and move around for awhile.
[Also Read: 36 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 37
The baby's intestines generate meconium. This will help with their first bowel movements once they come out from labour out into the open. The size of the foetus now becomes around 20 to 21 inches and the baby weights between 6 to 7 pounds. A resemblance of the face is noted and the baby also practices breathing in anticipation for labour. Your breasts discharge colostrum which becomes the baby's nutritional source and your belly will feel bulging and discomfort.
[Also Read: 37 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 38
The lanugo, which is the hair covering your baby's body disappears. The baby is fully developed; however, connections in the brain are still being formed which continues even after childbirth. The nails mature and reach the ends of fingers and toes. Frequent bouts of back and neck pain are common. Decreased mobility is also common and you will have a hard time with the increased fatigue. Eat small, but frequent healthy meals to get relief.
[Also Read: 38 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 39
The baby now weighs between 6 to 10 pounds and measures between 17 to 23 inches long in terms of size. Your baby continues to develop more neural connections and experiences hair growth and weight gain on the inside. You may consider taking a maternity leave a couple weeks before entering the last week. Relax, go for movies, and do hands-and-knees stretches along with pelvic tilting exercises to get relief.
[Also Read: 39 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 40
Your baby is ready to be born from this week on. If your baby hasn't been born yet or if you haven't gone into labour during this week, doctors will monitor you for another two weeks. Pregnancies close at this stage; however, if it continues, then they are termed "post-dated." Your body's labour date slowly approaches and ends somewhere at the end of week 42.
[Also Read: 40 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 41
If your baby hasn't been born yet, your doctor will talk about inducing labour. It is deemed unsafe for both the mother and the baby if the pregnant woman doesn't go into labour by week 42.
[Also Read: 41 Weeks Pregnant]
Week 42
This is the week of new life and childbirth. Labour is induced on this day and your baby finally comes out of your womb either by a C-section or the vagina. If your cervix hasn't softened, your doctor will induce labour mechanically by introducing hormones to ripen the cervix for baby delivery. Procedures such as stripping and rupturing the membranes are used and common methods of labour induction involve using drugs like oxytocin to begin vaginal contractions. If vaginal contractions don't occur despite manual labour induction methods, you'll need a C-section procedure for delivering the baby from the womb.
[Also Read: 42 Weeks Pregnant]
Once your baby is born, it is important to facilitate recovery by optimising your diet, exercise, and nutrition. It is recommended to avoid smoking, drug use and prevent alcohol consumption before pregnancies, even before week 1 to improve chances of a successful, hassle-free delivery. If you're planning on getting pregnant, then be sure to take prenatal vitamins and over-the-counter medicinal supplements for folate acid. Read more
Suggested for you
Saline Nasal Drops for Infants - Benefits and Side Effects
For a baby, the act of breathing is what requires the most effort in the initial phases. Even as adults, a blocked nose causes discomfort and irritation since it takes away the ease of breathing. In babies, this can cause a lot of trouble as your baby may cry or cough in order to breathe better. Clearing a blocked nose is extremely important in babies, and nasal drops are your best bet in that regard.
What Are Nasal Saline Drops?
Saline drops that are made for the nose are nothing but a proper mixture of water and salt. Putting a few drops of this solution in your baby’s nose can help clear up any blockage. For babies suffering from cold, the mucus will clear the nose and allow the baby to breathe normally. This works on kids as well.
How to Give Saline Nasal Drops to Babies
Administering nasal drops to young babies can be achieved through the following steps:
Wash your hands clean using soap and water.
Use a syringe or a dropper and pull in the dosage as recommended.
Hold the dropper in your dominant hand and use the other arm to hold your baby.
If a lot of mucus is present on the outside, clear it out first using a small suction bulb.
Do not insert the dropper in your baby's nose. Place it just outside the nasal cavity and squeeze it.
Keep some more solution nearby in case the dropper gets used up in one nostril.
Continue holding your baby as is so that the solution has time to travel down the blocked track.
Sometimes the solution can reach the throat and cause your baby to cough. Hold him up in a sitting position when this happens.
Benefits of Baby Saline Drops/Sprays
Using saline drops or nasal sprays to relieve blocked nostrils is an effective technique, because:
They do not contain any medicinal substances that can affect the baby adversely.
They provide almost instant relief.
They can be used by kids and adults alike.
They are quite cheap and easily available in medical stores without a prescription.
Side-Effects of Using Saline Nasal Drops/Sprays for Babies
As simple as it might seem, if the right precautions are not taken, administration of nasal drops could result in a few problems that may not be suitable for your baby.
Failing to observe basic hygiene such as cleaning your hands properly could cause germs from your hands to enter the child, infecting him further.
Sharing the same dropper amongst several people without sterilizing it first is an open invitation for various diseases.
At times, the nose could get even runnier and cause multiple sneezing bouts. Your baby might also have a dry nose instead of a runny nose and have breathing trouble, nausea, sweating, or swelling along with fussy behaviour. Contact the doctor right away in such cases.
For long-lasting effects, you have to give nasal drops repeatedly 2-3 times a day till the blockage is completely gone; any more than 3 times a day can make her nose sore.
How to Make Saline Nose Drops for Your Child at Home
Homemade saline drops for infants are not at all difficult to make and can be quickly prepared to remedy a blocked nose.
What Will You Need?
Tap water or distilled water
A measuring cap
A pan
Spoons to measure
Non-iodised salt
Baking soda
Dropper
How to Make
Pour the water into the saucepan. Place it on a flame and let it boil for about 10 minutes. This takes care of any bacteria present in it.
Take a quarter teaspoon of salt and a pinch of baking soda, and add both of them to a cup of warm water. The proportion needs to be precise since excess of either can result in nasal irritation in your baby.
After stirring them in and ensuring that they have dissolved completely, take as much solution as required and keep the rest in a clean bowl for no more than 24 hours.
Use a dropper to take a small amount of solution while it is warm. Make sure it isn’t too hot or cold but close to body temperature.
Add a couple of drops each in your baby’s nose. Wait for half a minute before you start cleaning the liquefied mucous that comes out.
A blocked nose is nothing more than a small hindrance that causes irritation. Medication is the last resort that is rarely recommended by doctors. Nasal drops are quick and effective and can relieve your baby from the trouble, bringing him back to the playful mood he loves to be in!
Resources and References:
Very Well Health
Also Read:
Home Remedies for Stuff Nose in Infants
How to Clean Your Baby's Nose?
Nasal Congestion in Babies Read more
Suggested for you
How Your Body Changes After Delivery of the Baby
Pregnancy is an experience in itself during which a woman goes through an enormous range of changes, both physical and mental (postpartum body changes) and these changes are unique to each woman.
Giving birth to a new life is a special yet an emotionally and physically exhausting process. It requires adequate care, both during and after delivery, as a number of changes occur in the body due to fluctuations in hormonal levels. Knowledge and awareness about these can help women be adequately ready and prepared for childbirth and the changes associated with the same.
Common Body Changes After Pregnancy
Following is a list of a few post baby body changes including physical and lifestyle changes reported in a woman’s body after delivery of a baby, which can be well countered with adequate understanding, acceptance and patience.
1. Hair changes
Sudden hair fall after delivery is quite common and this phase may last up to a year or less. This is experienced due to a sudden drop in oestrogen levels after childbirth as oestrogen levels are high during pregnancy and these levels gradually return to normal with time and the rate of hair growth normalizes to pre-pregnancy state. These changes are completely normal and there is nothing to be alarmed about. In fact any new noticeable excess facial and body hair will also shed after pregnancy. Hair loss period peaks for around the first 3-4 months after childbirth and slowly tapers down to normal.
2. Breast changes
The first milk that a mothers’ breasts makes is called ‘colostrum’ - this milk is richer, creamier and is loaded with antibodies. This ‘colostrum’ is absolutely necessary and important for the child as it strengthens the immune system and protects the child from infections. Colostrum is present in a very small amount and during this period, lactation maybe uneasy as the breasts are swollen, sore and extremely tender. Once the milk starts producing, the soreness and swelling will subside and make breastfeeding more comfortable. Sagging of breasts is commonly seen and in a few cases, mothers may also notice milk leakage for several weeks, even after discontinuation of feeding, all of which are normal.
3. Vaginal structure changes
Due to intense stretching of the pelvic floor during pregnancy, the vaginal muscles become lax and this area may feel stretched out. It may not entirely go back to how it used to be earlier as the bladder, rectum and uterus tend to drop after labor. This takes a few weeks to resolve. ‘Kegel’ exercises help in a speedy recovery process of the body changes after your baby is born.
4. Body weight
In the postpartum period when the body shape changes after pregnancy, the excess weight gained during pregnancy which is generally about 11 kilograms is slowly lost. The body eliminates all the extra water retained during pregnancy along with extra water retained in the cells. Initially, the mother experiences unusually frequent urination and profuse sweating. Majority of the weight loss would be seen in the first week of pregnancy due to the absence amniotic fluid, placenta and the baby’s weight. Post pregnancy, a continuous and gradual weight loss is observed.
5. Skin changes
Being a parent can bring about plenty of changes in your lifestyle. The stress and fatigue brought about by the new responsibility of being a mother may not only affect your health but also your skin. Hormonal fluctuation adds to this in unexpected ways. Women with clear and glowing skin may experience more breakouts in the months following the delivery. On the other hand, women with problematic skin during pregnancy may show improvement after giving birth. Most women complain of ‘Chloasma faciei’ or ‘Melasma’ - darkened patches or zones of dark skin (along the lining of the lips, nose, cheeks and forehead). These darkened areas fade as long as the mother ensures protection of her skin from the harmful rays of the sun. Stretch marks are certain during pregnancy and can be taken care by the use of special oils and lotions. Stretch marks too tend to fade with time.
6. Abdominal changes
Post-delivery, the uterus remains partially contracted and relatively heavy (weighing around a kilogram) and is felt as a small round lump in the lower anterior abdomen. In about 6 weeks’ time, it will weigh only an ounce or two and will no more be palpable. Linea nigra or the ugly dark line that most women develop on the abdomen during pregnancy will fade off in a few months.
However, the pregnancy stretch marks over the abdomen persist for a longer period of time. Stretch marks develop whenever the abdomen changes drastically in size (acutely or over a period of time). These are bright red during the pregnancy, which eventually turn silver in color and shiny. Generally, most women will have some residual abdominal fat post-delivery. Basic abdominal exercises can help you regain a leaner shape.
Right after delivery, the uterus shrinks due to the contractions. This series of contractions also facilitate detachment of placenta from the inner wall of the uterus. After delivery of the placenta, contractions of the uterus cause vasoconstriction or narrowing the blood vessels to reduce chances of blood loss and forming a seal at the site where the placenta was previously attached. The cramps you feel due to these are better known as “after pains”.
With delivery, the maximum height of the uterus gradually lowers, which can be appreciated by external palpation. In the first few days, it measures up to the navel. By about a week, the uterus is around a pound in weight – more or less half the immediate post-delivery weight. At about two weeks, it is situated entirely within the pelvis, weighing just about eleven ounces. It soon returns to its non- pregnant size and weight that is about three and half ounces. This is known as the uterine involution.
7. Urinary and bowel problems
Due to excessive stretching of the bladder muscles, new mothers’ usually experience incontinence (involuntary passing of urine) and this subsides only as the bladder muscles grow stronger. A few mothers’ may experience haemorrhoids (blood in stools), uncomfortable bowel movements or constipation, as the food moving through your intestines may slow down during delivery. Lifestyle changes – a healthy diet with plenty of fibers and getting adequate sleep help new mothers’ to deal with these issues.
8. Sexual drive
One troublesome change post-delivery, probably for both the parents is the reduced urge for intimacy or sexual contact in the mother. Refuting myths, it is well documented that a drop in sex drive is always observed in new mothers - the main culprit being ‘oestrogen’ or the female hormone. Oestrogen, which is centrally regulated by the hormones LH (leutinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), maintain the sexual drive. It gradually increases during pregnancy and hits an abrupt low, post childbirth .These levels gradually normalize with time and hence isn’t much to worry about. Also contributing to the cause of a reduced sex drive are the inhibitions because of the pain in the genital region and mainly the stress and inability to manage time with the constant responsibility of the baby added.
9. Depression
Post-natal depression or depression following childbirth is a rather common yet underestimated and a less discussed problem. It is fairly common and has multiple causative factors like:
Hormonal fluctuations: Just like PMS (pre-menstrual syndrome), women experience a number of hormonal changes around and post-delivery, which may lead to depression.
Lifestyle changes: Post childbirth, most women find it difficult to dedicate adequate time to themselves and their partners, leading to a sense of dissatisfaction and depression.
Lack of rest: Increased responsibility deprives women of the necessary time for leisure and rest.
Post pregnancy pain: It is common that women continue experiencing pain post childbirth, which may be quite upsetting.
Post-natal depression is basically a period of transition. Mothers must make sure they give themselves time and their family must ensure that the new mother gets all the support she needs.
10. Back pain
Pregnancy is a prolonged period of unusual and excessive strain on the abdominal as well as back muscles. Stretched abdominal muscles take a while to regain their natural tone and form. Carrying the baby’s additional weight on the back muscles leads to a constant backache till the muscles regain their normal tone. A poor posture can add up to the pain and make it worse.
11. After pains
The uterus contracts to shrink back to its original size after childbirth. These occasional and sudden contractions lead to bouts of pain called – after pains. These are similar or rather mild labor contractions and are more frequent during breastfeeding. This is because of the oxytocin released while breastfeeding, which in turn causes the uterus to contract.
12. Abnormal Bleeding
Lochia or abnormal fluid from the vagina is common after giving birth. Lochia consists of blood, bacteria, and sloughed-off tissue from the lining of the uterus. It may initially contain blood and appear thick, resembling menstrual blood. The discharge reduces with passing days and the color of the discharge gets lighter and subsides in a matter of about two to four weeks. Intermittent spotting or ‘show’ may continue in few, even after a period of four to six weeks.
Conclusion
Women commonly experience certain body changes after giving birth, which may be distressing if not addressed in a patient manner. Changes can be seen in hair, skin, body weight, breasts, genitalia, abdomen and altered urinary and bowel habits. It is vital to know that these changes are physiological (natural) and are bound to return to normal in a period of four to six weeks, mostly with no active interventions or medical help. A healthy lifestyle with a balanced, nutritious diet and regular moderate exercise with yoga or aerobics can usually help deal with these body changes after childbirth.
Also Read: Hormonal Changes After Delivery Read more
Suggested for you
Milk for Toddlers - Importance and How to Choose the Right Milk
All parents want that their babies to be healthy and strong. As soon as you have your baby in your arms, you start thinking about different nutritious foods for him. Of course, for the first six months you will be giving him breastmilk, but then what? This is a common question that all new moms ask. Along with other foods, milk should also form a part of their diet. You know giving milk to your baby is important, but do you know why all doctors and elders stress on giving milk to toddlers? Well, if you don't know then read this article to understand why milk is important for toddlers.
Importance of Milk for Toddlers
Your mother and grandmother must have told you how they made you drink milk every morning when you were a child. You must have made faces and refused to drink it, but somehow they got you to empty that big glass of milk every single day for your own good. Milk is important for a baby's development this is why you should be giving milk to your toddler every day. It has other benefits too, find out what they are.
1. Strong Bones
Milk is an essential source of calcium and fats which are important nutrients for a growing toddler. Calcium helps in the growth and maintenance of strong bones and teeth. In addition, calcium molecules are also used to signal muscle contraction and nerve stimulation.
2. Prevents Bone Disorders
In addition to calcium, milk contains trace amounts of Vitamin D too. This nutrient strengthens the bones and prevents bone disorders, such as osteomalacia and rickets.
3. Healthy Weight Maintenance
Milk is a source of high-quality protein. The dairy protein even contains amino acids used in muscle synthesis. The satiating effect of protein even helps prevent over-eating. Consumption of a healthy amount of dairy products can also help in maintaining a healthy weight. Studies have linked continued consumption of dairy to the prevention of obesity in adolescence.
How Much Milk Should Your Toddler Drink
Children should consume formula milk or breastmilk until they turn a year old. After that, you can start off with one cup of milk. This can be increased to two cups once they are two-years-old. Avoid giving them more as they would feel full and not eat other food.
What Kind of Milk Is Right for Your Toddler
With all the new information coming every other day on the internet about food and milk, it is hard to judge which information to trust. However, when choosing milk for your toddler, here is what you should consider.
1. Start whole-fat milk if
Your child is 1 year old and just shifting to milk.
Your child is below healthy weight or of normal weight.
2. Start low-fat milk if
Your child has turned 2.
If your child has put on excessive weight.
If your child is experiencing constipation (it could be a result of whole fat milk or simply, too much milk).
Should You Be Concerned If Your Toddler Hates Drinking Milk
There is no need to stress yourself if your baby is refusing to drink milk. Just like adults, toddlers too have their unique taste. While milk certainly is a great source of calcium, vitamin D and fats, these can be found in other foods too. So introduce other food items but keep trying to give them milk in different ways.
What to Do If Your Toddler Refuses to Drink Milk
If your toddler is refusing to drink milk, here are a few ways you can try to get him to gulp down that glass of nutritious milk.
Slow the Transition
A good way to prevent your child from going off milk is to introduce it in small amounts. If you are transitioning from breastmilk or formula, try mixing the breastmilk or formula with milk for at least first two weeks, but don't mix too much.
Enhance the taste
Take a moment to look back on your own childhood. Were you the greatest fan of plain, warm milk with a bit of sugar in it? May be you were, may be not! Ask your parents, how they got you to drink milk. If your baby is refusing to drink plain milk, consider different options, like chocolate milk or a nice warm cup of cocoa. Chocolate will enhance the taste of milk, and your little one won't refuse to drink it.
Start Small
If your baby is refusing to drink milk, try to cultivate the taste. Try easing him into it by offering only half a glass or even less initially. Start small and then in a few weeks time, increase the amount to a glassful.
Shake it Up
If your baby is stubborn and refrains from drinking milk, then it's time you add flavour to it and make it more interesting. Add fruits to the milk. A colourful milkshake is nothing like boring plain milk and you will see that in a matter of minutes your little one will drink it.
Foods With Dairy
There are lots of other dairy products that can be introduced too. There is butter, paneer, cheese and ghee. These can be introduced too, but you must consult a paediatrician before giving them to your child. However, nothing can replace milk.
Cereal
Giving cereal with milk to a child meets his calcium requirements. And eating cereal in the morning is a great way to start a day. If your fussy child is not drinking milk, mix in with cereal and fruits and he will quickly finish it.
How to Ensure a Child Gets Enough Calcium if He Doesn't Drink Milk
Although milk is a major source of calcium, there are other sources of calcium too. A toddler’s daily calcium needs could be addressed through other types of food as well. However, first, you should know how much calcium a toddler needs. Then, you can consider giving them alternatives to dairy products to meet their calcium requirements.
1. How Much Calcium Does a Toddler Need
The calcium intake of a child between the ages of 1 and 5 should be 800mg per day.
2. Milk and Dairy Products Alternatives
There are several products available that could fulfil your child’s calcium needs. Conditions like lactose intolerance make it imperative to find an alternative to milk for toddlers. Below are some alternatives that in addition to calcium have ingredients that would benefit children.
Orange Juice: It contains Vitamin C which helps boost immunity.
Dark Leafy Greens: It contains iron which helps prevent anaemia in children.
Soy: It contains fibre, which helps in digestion.
Fish: It contains omega 3 fatty acids, which aid in brain development.
Enriched Bread: It contains carbohydrates, which provide kids with the energy they need.
Milk is not a necessity to ensure proper intake of calcium, but it remains that there is no single food with levels of calcium similar to milk. So, make sure you give your toddler a glass of milk every day.
Also Read: Cow Milk vs Buffalo Milk for Toddlers Read more
Suggested for you
Effects of Not Eating Enough During Pregnancy
FEATURE IMAGE SSID: (2163398765) (ALT<(Effects of Not Eating Enough During Pregnancy>)
Appetite loss during pregnancy is a common concern with several pregnant women. Though they don’t wish for it voluntarily, they can’t just avoid it simply, too. Nutrition is one of the key factors involved in ensuring the well-being of a baby and a mother. And, if a pregnant woman does not eat well, the effects of not eating enough during pregnancy could be adverse, leading to several complications during delivery or after the baby’s birth. If you wish to understand why this happens, what are the risks associated with not eating properly during preganncy and how you should manage to get optimum nutrition when you do not eat properly, we recommend taking a look at this post.
Reasons You Might Not Feel Like Eating in Pregnancy
So, why during such a delicate time, some pregnant women act all funny and do not wish to eat? Well, scientifically speaking, it is actually not in their hands. Let us get a look at the following points and know why women don’t feel like eating:
The body becomes hypersensitive to taste and smell, thus making you dislike food.
Sometimes women may experience a metallic taste in their mouths that sticks to the palate, making you not want to eat.
Morning sickness and nausea can take a toll on the appetite, and you may fear that as soon as you eat, you will start feeling sick again.
Not eating too much is also the body’s mechanism for avoiding the possible consumption of any harmful food that may could affect the growing fetus.
The hormonal imbalance in the body may take a toll on your appetite, too.
Risks of Not Eating Enough While Pregnant
FEATURE IMAGE SSID: (2207535827) (ALT<(Effects of Not Eating Enough During Pregnancy>)
If you do not eat well during pregnancy, there are many complications or problems that may crop up. Here are some known risks and effects of not eating enough during pregnancy:
1. It May Cause Neurological Disorders
Improper nutrition may lead to neurological disorders in unborn babies. Sometimes the spine or brain may not develop fully, which may lead to learning disabilities as babies grow. However, if vitamin B12 and folate supplements are consumed, such kinds of defects or complications can be evaded.
2. It May Lead to Foetal or Infant Death
A nightmare for a would-be-mother, but if pregnant women do not eat properly and get ample nutrition, it may lead to fetal death. There is also the possibility of fetal death after the birth. Severe malnutrition can cause complications that may cause infant or foetal deaths. However, general malnutrition may not lead to such dire consequences, but the baby may be born with neurological or physical defects or malnutritioned.
3. It May Lead to Slow Growth or Insufficient Growth
Mothers who do not eat well during pregnancy may have slower developing fetuses or insufficient growths. Growth issues may lead to further more complicated conditions after the birth of the baby.
4. It May Cause Low Birth Weight Infants
Babies who are born with low birth weight often results when mothers ate poorly during pregnancy or didn’t get proper nutrition.
Lack of proper nutrients in the body may lead to some of the above conditions in your unborn child. However, it also does not mean that you eat unhealthy food, such as potato chips or cola to gain weight. Well, gaining healthy weight and getting enough calories is important for your growing fetus, but that should come from a healthy source, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, etc.
Tips to Get the Nutrients When You Under-Eat During Pregnancy
FEATURE IMAGE SSID: (291582809) (ALT<(Effects of Not Eating Enough During Pregnancy>)
Now that you are aware of the adverse effects of not eating enough during pregnancy, but are still struggling to eat food, here are some tips and tricks that may help you in getting important nutrients that are required for your unborn baby’s growth and development:
1. Check Your Portion Size
It is understood that you have to increase your calorie intake to meet up with your body’s increased needs to support baby’s growth and development, but that does not mean that you have to gobble down big portions in one go. It will be a better idea to keep your meal portions smaller and have them at frequent intervals. So, you can go for three small and nutritionally balanced meals along with about three-hour snacks in a day.
2. Stay Well Hydrated
Keep a tab on your fluid intake because more than your calorie intake, it is the number of fluids that you take in a day that matters. Include pasteurised fruit juices, milk, vegetable juices, and other kinds of fluids along with water to compensate for your body’s requirements.
FEATURE IMAGE SSID: (1430927387) (ALT<(Effects of Not Eating Enough During Pregnancy>)
3. Include Lighter Meal Options
Eating a heavy meal that is laden with fats such as oil, cream, or butter can make anyone feel uneasy. Therefore, you should aim to have lighter meals that are cooked with minimum fats. Roasted, grilled, stir-fried, etc., are better options than deep-fried or other calorie-laden dishes.
4. Refrain From Adding Too Many Spices
There is no doubt that spices add a lovely flavour and aroma to the dishes, but too many spices, such as pepper, chilli, etc., can make a pregnant woman sick by giving her heart burns or acidity. Try and avoid using spices, and if you need to use them, make sure that you add them in moderation.
5. Never Skip Meals
We understand that eating food can sometimes become a struggle for a pregnant woman. However, never go without your meals for long durations, as it can prove to be detrimental for you and your baby. A pregnant woman not eating enough will impact both the mom and the baby adversely. Therefore, try and eat smaller meals frequently and never skip your meals.
FEATURE IMAGE SSID: (1888243240) (ALT<(Effects of Not Eating Enough During Pregnancy>)
6. Include Foods That Do Not Cause Nausea
It is understood that a pregnant woman needs different kinds of fruits, vegetables and other kinds of fruits in her daily diet for proper nutrition. However, if you are comfortable eating only a few, so then be it. Because getting some nutrition is better than getting none at all. If you like eating a banana while other fruits trigger nausea, then eat a banana until the feelings of nausea subside.
7. Include Foods at Different Temperatures
Because of changes in taste preferences during pregnancy, in some cases, pregnant women may start preferring cold foods and despise hot foods or vice versa. Please note it is totally normal for you to crave a food you despised before your pregnancy, and now you like it. So, include healthy food at whatever temperature suits you best by taking care of its shelf life and pasteurisation in the case of dairy products.
8. Make Sure You Take Your Supplements
In pregnancy, your doctor gives you some vitamins and other supplements to make up for your body’s increased demand for certain vitamins and minerals. Make sure you have these regularly to prevent any nutritional deficiency.
Your baby gets all his nutrition from you. So, your under-eating will impact not only you but also your baby. Make sure you replenish the reservoir of nutrients in your body by opting for the best possible eating options.
References:
1. Hyperemesis gravidarum; MedlinePlus; https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001499.htm
2. Diet During Pregnancy; American Pregnancy Association; https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-health-wellness/diet-during-pregnancy/#
3. Appetite changes and food aversions during pregnancy; Pregnancy, Birth & Baby; pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/appetite-changes-and-food-aversions-during-pregnancy; Last reviewed: July 2022
4. During pregnancy; Queensland Health; https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/clinical-staff/maternity/nutrition/lifestyle/pregnancy
5. Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy; The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy
6. Am I Pregnant?; Cleveland Clinic; https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9709-pregnancy-am-i-pregnant
Also Read:
Appetite Loss During Pregnancy
Not Gaining Enough Weight When Pregnant
A Pregnant Woman’s Daily Diet
Read more
Suggested for you
Sarika gupta has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 5 months
18 hours ago
Q. Am craving to have a burger at McDonald’s. Am 15 week pregnant.
Is it safe to have
Sarika gupta
Mom of 2 children
6 hours ago
A. Hello there ma’am please do not worry about it too much and it is better to avoid this at this time and also if you want to eat burger then it is better to make it a home . Thanks and take care
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 6 months
17 hours ago
Q. It's my 12th week of pregnancy but last night I noticed some bleeding. So, my doctor prescribed Duphaston for 2 weeks. Is there anything to worry about? Please guide me.
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
17 hours ago
A. at present take rest and use medicines as advised by the doctor. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 3 months
11 hours ago
Q. I am 7 month pregnant with second baby I have severe abscess pain in armpit and buttocks pls tell me remedy for this ...Dr recommend antibiotics and ultracet pain tablet I have taken some doses of it but worried about the foetal development..does it hurt my baby
Read moreDr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
9 hours ago
A. You should have proper consultation with your treating doctor , as some examination or investigations may be needful, so that proper medications can be given And the treatment can be done very properly.
continue antibiotics regularly
Sai Prasanthi R L has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
5 hours ago
Q. Hello dr meri beti 6 days ki hai or use feed karwane ke bad nose or muh se milk bhar aa raha hai to aesa kyu kr rahi hai….me kya Dr ko dikhau kya???
Sai Prasanthi R L
Mom of a 10 yr 2 m old boy
5 hours ago
A. Hello dear parent! Keep your baby’s heart in a little elevated position while you’re breastfeeding. Burp your baby after every feed. Keep Babyhug tummy roll on handy. Consult your doctor for further assistance
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
5 hours ago
Q. #asktheexperts how to reduce belly fat after pregnancy and skin was loose .two year passes but problem is persist.How can reduce it
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
5 hours ago
A. For weight loss diet is good in intermittent fasting a good and but if your body is loose or you feel you really do tighten up your body then gymming or yoga both the things are going to be very good both the things are going to be helpful in tightening up your body and muscles at the same time but it is time consuming we just have to have patience
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
4 hours ago
Q. my baby is one month old and have cold symptoms. can I consume buttermilk?
Dr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
3 hours ago
A. yes u can further you can contact with your doctor and you can get thhje the solution for this by discussing with him he will guide you for more details if required .
Its always better to take the guidance by the concernged person with the geniune advice ...
Check out this new Memory
Shinas
Father of a 5 m old boy
New Milestone
2 months❤️
0 Likes
0 Comment
Check out this new Memory
Shagufta
Guardian of a 3 yr 11 m old boy
2 mins ago
#thephoto
0 Likes
0 Comment
Check out this new Memory
arifa mujawar
Mom of a 5 m old girl
3 mins ago
#lilsuperstar
0 Likes
0 Comment
Check out this new Memory
Shinas
Father of a 5 m old boy
8 mins ago
Hi lots of love from ayzu
0 Likes
0 Comment
Check out this new Memory
Prashant Dwivedi
Father of a 9 m old girl
12 mins ago
#cutestbaby
0 Likes
0 Comment
Tell us more about yourself get More Personalised
- Infant0 to 6 Months
- Baby6 Months to 2 Yrs
- Toddler2 to 4 yrs
- Kids4-6 yrs
- Big Kids6+ yrs
- Expecting
- Trying to Conceive