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Ways To Calculate Safe Period To Avoid Pregnancy
For thousands of years, people have been determining infertile days or safe periods for intercourse to avoid pregnancy. Once you understand the menstrual cycle and what happens in each phase, you can calculate safe days with higher accuracy. The premise behind a safe period calculator is to prevent an unwanted pregnancy naturally, without any side effects.
What is a Safe Period (Unfertile Period)?
‘Safe period’ refers to the days when a woman has reduced chances of getting pregnant. So, if you do not want a baby and do not want to use contraceptives either, this is the time you should have sex with your partner.
Biologically speaking, this is the time whenthe egg is not present to be fertilised. If you have intercourse when there is no egg, you cannot get pregnant because this is the unfertile period in a menstrual cycle.
For most women, ovulation occurs approximately 14 days before the next menstruatal cycle starts. It is not easy to know exactly when you would start your next menstrual cycle . However, if your periods are mostly regular, it is easy to calculate the days of ovulation. To do this, you need to use the date of the previous menstrual cycle as a starting point. It is important to note that an egg can be fertilised only four days before ovulation and three days after ovulation. In other words, this is not the safe period, and so, you should avoid intercourse during this period.
Why Should You Calculate Your Safe Period?
Calculating your safe period is advantageous because it will help you understand what days it is favourable to have sex without protection and with no pregnancy scares. Knowing how to calculate your safe period is essential if you do not wish to have a child right away. However, more importantly, safe period calculation is a great method of birth control because it does not involve ingesting hormonal birth control pills, using an IUD, or hormone injections which can have different effects on different women, ranging from extreme mood swings to weight gain and other problems that hamper one’s well-being.
How to Calculate Your Safe Period to Avoid Pregnancy
To calculate your safe days, you need to understand the various phases of the menstrual cycle.
Phases of the Cycle
The menstrual cycle can be divided into three phases: the follicular phase (pre-ovulation phase), the ovulation phase, and the luteal phase (post-ovulation phase). The duration of each phase varies from woman to woman. However, the average menstrual cycle is believed to be 28 days. The menstrual cycle is counted from the first day of menstrual bleeding. Let’s look at what happens in each phase.
1. The Follicular Phase / Proliferative Phase
The follicular phase occurs before ovulation. In this phase, the maturation of the follicles in the ovary takes place. This phase ends with ovulation. In this stage, estradiol is the hormone at work, and the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is secreted.
2. The Ovulation Phase
It is in the ovulation phase that a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum (also known as an egg). The time just before and after ovulation is usually referred to as the ovulation phase. A woman could get pregnant on the days she is ovulating.
3. The Luteal Phase / Secretory Phase
The luteal phase is the last phase of the menstrual cycle. It is marked by the creation of the corpus luteum and terminates in either pregnancy or degradation of the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that helps produce oestrogen and progestogen. The body needs oestrogen and progestogen to maintain the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.
The safe days for a woman after a period depend on the lifespan of both the sperm and egg. In most cases, ovulation happens on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle if the menstrual cycle is of average length (28 days). The ovulation time varies for each woman and can occur from the 12th day to the 19th day of the cycle. A sperm usually lives for 3 to 5 days in the reproductive tract. Therefore, it is possible to become pregnant unprotected sex is had five days before ovulation. The lifespan of the egg is quite short- only about 24 hours. If fertilisation does not occur within that time frame, the egg will die.
Safe Period Chart to Avoid Pregnancy
Here is a quick look at the breakup of safe days and unsafe days which simplifies the calculation for you and explains how to count your safe days:
Safe times using the calendar method
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Start of period 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Safe Days
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Unsafe days
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Unsafe Days
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Safe Days
Start of period 29
30
1
2
3
4
5
Safe Days
When to Have Sex to Avoid Pregnancy
1. What Is a Safe Period to Have Sex?
A thumb rule – If you are having sex, you can get pregnant! Despite all calculations and theories, there is no definite way to determine when a woman will ovulate, so many factors come into play. Most women ovulate 12 to 14 days before they begin their period, but some women ovulate at a different time. So, figuring out when it is safe to have sex yet avoid pregnancy is quite a guessing game.
2. How Long Is a Safe Period?
Based on their experiences, many women believe that it is safe to have sex and avoid getting pregnant just after their period starts or before it begins. Beware, fluctuating hormones and changing schedules can make these calculations inaccurate. As a general rule, if your cycle is a regular one (28 days), then the seven days before your period should be the safe period. But do not forget that this calculation works only if your periods are regular. Here’s what a missed period may mean.
3. How to Calculate the Time of Ovulation?
Safe period and ovulation are related because safe days are calculated based on ovulation. According to the popular Safe Period Calculator method, day 1 to day 7 are safe and unfertile in a regular menstrual cycle which lasts 26 to 32 days. This takes into account the premise that the lifespan of the sperm in the reproductive canal is 3 to 5 days. This method calculates that ovulation occurs onthe 19th day. Therefore, fertilisation can occur until the 20th day of the cycle. Since all these calculations are an approximation, and the results can vary from woman to woman.
This calculation is adjusted to reflect WHO (World Health Organization) data that shows that approximately 80% of menstrual cycles range between 26 to 32 days.
Different Methods to Calculate Safe Period
Here are some methods you can use to calculate your safe period:
Safe Period Calculator or Menstrual Cycle Calculator
Cycle calculators are accurate in most cases. However, many people find these calculators and apps very complex. Also, most of the information that they ask to calculate the infertile period, - for example, months of data about body temperature, cervical mucus and dates of menstruation - may not be readily available with every woman. Put simply, to use these calculators, you would need data about your periods as well as body temperature handy. Therefore, many people prefer using simpler period calculators like the ones below, which do not ask for months of data but still give accurate results.
1. Avoid Your Fertile Days
Avoid your fertile period. Remember, safe days depend on different cycle lengths. The following table lists the most fertile days for various cycle lengths. If you do not want to get pregnant, you need to avoid intercourse on the following days:
Length of Cycle
Most Fertile Days
24 days
Days 5 to 10 of the cycle
28 days
Days 9 to 14 of the cycle
30 days
Days 11 to 16 of the cycle
35 days
Days 16 to 21 of the cycle
2. Calculate When You Are Less Likely to Get Pregnant
Keeping track of your periods for at least six months will help you map your fertile days.
Step 1:
Use this formula: Subtract 18 days from the total days of your shortest cycle. Using the resulting number, count from the first day of your next period and mark that date on your calendar.
Step 2:
Subtract 11 days from your longest cycle. Using that number, count forward from the first day of your next period. Mark that date on the calendar.
Step 3:
Your most fertile period is between those marked dates. It should be safe to have unprotected sex any time other than on those dates. However, bear in mind that sperm live up to 4 days, so count four days on either side as risky too. Note that this only works if your periods are regular.
3. Who Can Use the Safe Period Calculator?
You need to ask your doctor about the efficiency of natural family planning methods. The doctor will do a check-up and let you know if these would be effective for you. Use the safe period calculator as a natural birth control method only after your doctor gives the go-ahead.
If your menstrual cycle is regular and falls in the average range of 26 to 32 days and if the variation between your longest cycle and your shortest cycle is about seven days, you should be reasonably safe using the safe period calculator method as birth control.
4. Who Cannot Use the Safe Period Calculator?
Applying the same rule as above–if you are in the regular 26-day to 32-day cycle and the variation between your longest and your shortest cycle is more than eight days, then it would be risky to use this method.
Do remember that because of hormonal changes, it would be wiser to wait for six months after childbirth to use this method.
Also, because of erratic cycles, this method is not suitable for teenagers or women on the verge of menopause. This method might not work for women who have erratic cycles because of conditions like PCOS and hormonal imbalance.
5. Examples of Calculating Safe Periods
Calculating a safe period can be confusing. Here are two examples of calculating the same.
Take the example of a woman who has 24 days between 2 menstruating cycles. This means that her ovulation would be ten days after the first day of her last period. Based on this (24 minus 14) calculation, her safe period would be from day one to day six after her last period and from day thirteen to her next period.
Let’s take another example of a woman who has 32 days between 2 menstruation cycles. Her ovulation would be 18 days after her last period. Based on this calculation (32 minus 14), her safe period would be from day one after the last period to day 14 and from day 21 to the next period.
Safety: Women with regular menstruating cycles have an 85% safety ratio for not getting pregnant in 12 months. However, the success rate depends on how well you calculate the safe period and how religiously you follow it.
Handy Technology: In today’s world of technological advancement, there are numerous apps available that can help you chart your menstrual cycle, calculate your infertile days and store all this data for your quick reference!
There are many tools like a menstrual cycle calculator that are available. These tools will give you a rough estimate of your ovulation period. As a result, you can calculate ovulation as well as the safe period with higher accuracy and greater ease.
Natural Family Planning (Fertility Awareness-based Methods)
Your body demonstrates various signs in the ovulation phase. If you recognise these signs and avoid sex when you see these signs, you can avoid pregnancy. This is also called natural family planning.
Various fertility awareness-based methods are:
1. Basal Body Temperature Method
Charting your basal body temperature is quite easy. To put it simply, what you do is take your temperature first thing every morning and plot it on a chart.
Some women experience a drop in body temperature when they are ovulating.
If you see a temperature shift that lasts for at least three days or occurs at the end of your cycle, you can draw a line between your follicular phase and luteal phase temperature. You might also observe a clear shift and be able to track the path between the lowest luteal phase BBT and the highest follicular phase BBT.
Analyse the chart at the end of the month to find the pattern.
Create such a chart for 3-6 months to see a clear pattern.
If your temperature does not come down for more than 18 days, we recommend you do a pregnancy test at home or see a doctor.
2. Charting Basal Body Temperature
Keep these 4 rules in mind when charting your basal body temperature:
First 5 days rule: For the most part, you can assume that you are infertile during the first five days of your menstrual cycle. This may not be accurate if you have had a cycle that was shorter than 25 days. To determine this, track your menstrual cycle for about six months.
Dry day rule: You might be infertile on the day you don’t observe any cervical fluid.
Peak plus 4 rule: Your infertile period starts on the 4th evening after your most fertile cervical fluid (CF). This is when your CF becomes infertile again, and there is a clear BBT shift.
Temp plus 3 rule: You might be infertile on the evening of the 3rd day after your BBT shift.
Women with regular menstruating cycles have an 85% safety ratio for not getting pregnant. However, the success rate depends on how well you calculate the safe period and how religiously you follow it.
Once you figure out how to track the signs of fertility, you can safely indulge in unprotected sex during the infertile period. If you think you are at risk of being fertile, use protection or abstain.
It is important to remember that no method is fool-proof. While most of the methods are accurate and time-tested, hormonal ups and downs in a woman’s body can make your calculations go awry. It’s best to follow the golden rule: when in doubt, assume you’re fertile.
3. Cervical Mucus / Ovulation Method
The colour of cervical mucus changes when you are ovulating. Note the colour of cervical mucus every day. A change in colour would indicate that you are in the ovulation phase.
Here is how you can interpret your cervical mucus:
The flow masks the mucus during menstruation.
No mucus is produced for a few days after menstruation. These ‘dry days’ are safe days.
When the ovum ripens for the next cycle, mucus production increases. It appears yellow, white, or cloudy, and feels sticky.
Clear, slippery mucus which is stretchable indicates the most fertile days of the cycle.
A few ‘dry days’ after clear mucus indicates the onset of the next period.
4. Sympto-thermal Method
A combination of multiple methods, this involves tracking ovulation symptoms like pain in the abdomen, heaviness and tender breasts, in addition to body temperature and the colour of the mucus. Using different methods simultaneously ensures that the safe days are predicted with greater accuracy.
5. Cycle Beads App
The Cyc leBeads smartphone app is available for both Android and iPhone users. It is based on the highly effective family planning method of the same name.
Enter the start date of your most recent period.
The screen will show you where you are in your menstrual cycle and the chances of pregnancy on that day.
This method is most effective for women with a menstrual cycle from 26 days to 32 days.
Women with a cycle falling outside this range should use a different method of family planning.
Here is how to use the cycle beads:
On the first day of the period, place a rubber ring in the red bead.
Move the band over the beads in the direction of the arrow.
The brown beads indicate safe days. The white beads indicate unsafe days.
6. Standard Days Method
Similar to the calendar method, this method involves tracking your cycle for eight to ten continuous cycles and is effective only if your cycle is more than 27 days.
Here is how you can predict safe days using this method:
Consider the shortest cycle for the calculation of the first fertile day.
Subtract 18 from the total number of days.
Use the result to count from the first day of your cycle to mark the first fertile day.
Consider the longest cycle for the calculation of the last fertile day.
Subtract 11 from the total number of days.
Use the result to count from the first day of your cycle to mark the last fertile day.
When you have identified your first and last fertile days, it is easy to track the safe sex days too.
Standard assumptions:
Sperm lives for 4-6 days in the reproductive tract and can fertilise an egg during this period.
Only one egg is released per cycle and lives for 24 hours, during which time it can be fertilised.
The most fertile period is 7 days before ovulation and 3-4 days after your period.
How Effective Are Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs) to Avoid Pregnancy?
Because of many variable factors, the safe-days method is not 100% reliable. Some women trust this method completely. Hormonal changes (that you are not aware of) and irregular periods can cause errors in calculating the infertile period. Condoms are the easiest option, but if you dislike using then the next best choice is oral contraception.
FAMs will work only if:
You are meticulous with the safe period calculation and follow it accurately.
Your partner is willing to follow the safe-days-only sex method.
You use other forms of contraception on your fertile days.
What Are the Advantages of Using Fertility Awareness Methods to Avoid Pregnancy?
If used correctly, FAMs can give you reasonable protection from an unwanted pregnancy.
Some advantages of using FAMs are:
No expense
No medication, therefore no side effects
Greater understanding between a couple
Some religious beliefs do not allow artificial contraception, so safe days method is a preferred option
What Are the Disadvantages of Using Fertility Awareness Methods to Avoid Pregnancy?
Difficult to implement if your partner is unwilling to follow this method
No protection against sexually transmitted diseases
Some medicines (even over-the-counter ones) can cause errors in calculation
Sometimes the tracking of periods becomes cumbersome and calculations can be inaccurate because of hormonal changes
Things to Remember About Having Sex During the Safe Period
First and foremost, there is no such thing as a 100% safe period
It works best if your periods are regular because fluctuating cycles can cause an aberration
If your menstrual cycle days fluctuate by more than eight days in a six- month period, the safe day calculation will not work.
Sometimes you might need to use emergency contraceptive pills to avoid a pregnancy
Other Ways to Have Sex Without Worrying About Getting Pregnant
Looking for other ways to have sex without worrying about conception? We’ve got you covered.
1. Use a Condom
The easiest method of contraception, condoms also protect you from STDs.
2. Try New Positions, Places and Tricks
Spice upthings by having intercourse in different positions and at different places in the house!
3. Invest in Sex Toys
With couples shedding their inhibitions in the bedrooom, it is easy to find a sex toy which you both love. Choose from vibrators, dildos and more for a pleasurable experience.
4. Sexy Foreplay
Engage in a game of strip poker or invent a game of your own to add an element of fun to foreplay.
The FAM is one method of birth control, but it comes with its disadvantages. So, make sure you are vigilant and thorough with your calculations to avoid an accidental pregnancy.
Also Read:
Calendar Based Methods of Contraception
Can You Get Pregnant on Your Period? Read more
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11 Months Old Baby Food Ideas
By the time your baby is 11 months old, he is likely to be able to eat on his own. You can give your baby the same food as the rest of the family after mashing it or cutting it into small pieces to help him chew and digest it better. Be sure to watch over your child during meal and snack times to make sure he does not choke on any food.
Video: Food Ideas for 11-month-old Babies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2WRtXdHtAQ
How Much Can a Baby Eat at This Stage?
By the time they are 11 months old, most babies can eat a wide range of items like fruits, vegetables, and meat. Three meals and a snack alongside formula or breast milk are what an average 11-month-old baby needs each day. The meal and snack timings will depend on your baby’s daily routine as well as yours.
How Much Quantity Per Day?
Your baby's appetite will vary depending on his level of activity and his growth spurt to a large extent. The following is an approximate estimation of the quantity of food your baby needs each day:
Up to half a cup of cereal
Up to half a cup of vegetables
Up to half a cup of fruits
Up to 3 tbsp of dairy
Up to half a cup of mixed cereals
Up to 4 tbsp of meat or other proteins
How to Check If Your Baby Is Getting Enough Breast Milk or Formula
While feeding your baby, a few concerns are bound to creep up every now and then. You might wonder if your child is getting enough milk or formula every day - here are some ways in which you can assess this:
Breastfed Baby:
If your baby appears content after every feed, it is an indication that he is getting enough milk.
When you experience a let-down, it is an indication that breastmilk is being replenished on a regular basis.
Check your baby’s urine and see if it is clear and odourless. That is a sign of a well-fed baby.
Your baby has regular bowel movements.
Formula-fed Baby:
Convert your baby’s weight into pounds and multiply it by 2 and 2.5 to get two values that will be considered as lower and upper ranges for the amount of formula your baby needs each day.
As your baby approaches his first birthday, the formula feed is likely to decline to just one big feed per day.
See if your baby wets a minimum of six diapers in a 24-hour period.
Best Foods for Your Eleven-month-old Baby
It is important to cultivate healthy eating habits in your baby right from an early age. So, keep a watch for any possible allergies and introduce your child to all kinds of foods.
1. Fruits
A great source of vitamins and minerals, fruits should be an integral part of your baby’s daily diet. From apples to oranges to bananas and pears, let your baby try everything.
2. Poultry and Fish
Packed with proteins, fish and chicken can be extremely helpful in your child’s brain development and growth.
3. Cheese
Different types of cheese like cottage, cheddar, ricotta, and goat cheese can enhance the taste of your baby’s meals while satisfying daily protein requirements.
4. Pulses and Grains
Everything under this category can be offered to your 11-month-old baby. Switch between grains and pulses to give your baby some variety during mealtimes.
5. Dairy Products
Dairy items like yoghurt and curd are good for infants. Refrain from feeding your baby cow's milk - that can be given only after the age of 1 year.
6. Leafy Greens
Leafy vegetables, especially greens such as spinach and fenugreek are particularly beneficial to babies as they contain iron.
7. Vegetables
All kinds of vegetables are good for your baby. Make it a point to use three different vegetables - one at every meal - every day.
8. Eggs
Eggs, especially the yolk is good for babies at this age. It is also easy for them to eat and digest.
Video: Diet Plan for 11 Month Old Baby
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Gqfo6ML__g
11-month-old Baby Food Chart/Meal Plan
Here is a sample meal plan for an 11-month-old baby:
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 1, Day 1
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Sweet potato + poha (flattened rice) powder
Mid-morning
Stewed peach or stewed apple
Lunch
Methi (fenugreek)- tinda (Indian squash) pulao
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Palak (spinach) dhokla
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 1, Day 2
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Ragi (finger millet) dosa
Mid-morning
Mashed chikoo (sapota) or mashed banana
Lunch
Spinach- pumpkin puree + jowar (sorghum) puffs
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Oats- apple porridge
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 1, Day 3
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Sattu (barley) -apple porridge
Mid-morning
Stewed pear or stewed apple
Lunch
Dalia (broken wheat) khichdi with white pumpkin soup
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Roti dipped in carrot- beetroot- coriander soup
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 1, Day 4
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Besan (gram flour)- jowar (sorghum)- coriander chilla made with curd
Mid-morning
Mashed papaya
Lunch
Curd rice
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Bajra (pearl millet)- moong dal (green gram split) khichdi
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 1, Day 5
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Rajgira (amaranth)- wheat sheera with mashed raisins for sweetness
Mid-morning
Stewed pear or stewed apple
Lunch
Roti dipped in masoor dal (red lentils) + lauki (bottle gourd) sabzi
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Grated cucumber- oats pancake
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 1, Day 6
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Ragi (finger millet) satva with 1tsp almond powder
Mid-morning
Mango or mashed banana
Lunch
Vegetable upma cooked in buttermilk
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Methi (fenugreek) thepla with lauki (bottle gourd) sabzi
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 1, Day 7
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Boiled egg yolk or homemade paneer (cottage cheese)
Mid-morning
Orange segments without the white skin
Lunch
Stewed apple + murmura (puffed rice) powder
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Seviyan (vermicelli) upma
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 2, Day 1
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Ragi (finger millet) satva with 1tsp almond powder
Mid-morning
Mashed chikoo (sapota) or mashed banana
Lunch
Roti dipped in dal
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Aloo (potato) paratha with homemade butter
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 2, Day 2
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Ragi (finger millet) satva with 1tsp almond powder
Mid-morning
Mashed peach or mashed apple
Lunch
Dalia (broken wheat) khichdi with white pumpkin soup
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Peas and potato sabzi with paratha
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 2, Day 3
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Boiled egg yolk or homemade paneer (cottage cheese)
Mid-morning
Orange segments without the white skin
Lunch
Masala khichdi
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Ragi (finger millet) -wheat- pumpkin soup
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 2, Day 4
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Besan (gram flour)- jowar (sorghum)- coriander chilla made with curd
Mid-morning
Mashed banana
Lunch
Tomato- pumpkin- soup
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Kadhi with rice
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 2, Day 5
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Rajgira(amaranth)- jowar (sorghum)pancakes
Mid-morning
Banana slices
Lunch
Jowar (sorghum) roti dipped in dal-palak
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Bajra (pearl millet) roti with turai (snake gourd)- moong dal (green gram split) sabzi
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 2, Day 6
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Vegetable upma cooked in buttermilk
Mid-morning
Papaya cubes
Lunch
Chicken broth or tur dal (pigeon pea) with mashed rice
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Egg or paneer (cottage cheese) paratha
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 2, Day 7
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Oats-apple porridge
Mid-morning
French fries
Lunch
Roti dipped in dal
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Methi (fenugreek)- tinda (Indian squash) pulao
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 3, Day 1
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Rajgira (amaranth)- wheat sheera with mashed raisins for sweetness
Mid-morning
Mango or mashed banana
Lunch
Veg pulao with pakoda kadhi
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Egg or paneer (cottage cheese) paratha
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 3, Day 2
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Besan (gram flour)- jowar(sorghum)- coriander chilla made with curd
Mid-morning
Grated apple
Lunch
Roti dipped in carrot- moong dal (green gram split) soup
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Vegetable- masoor dal(red lentil) pulao
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 3, Day 3
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Oats-apple porridge
Mid-morning
Chopped de-skinned peach or stewed apple
Lunch
Spinach- pumpkin puree + jowar (sorghum) puffs
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Pumpkin paratha with curd
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 3, Day 4
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Banana pancakes or soft egg white pancakes
Mid-morning
Cubed chikoo (sapota) or mashed banana
Lunch
Dal paratha with palak (spinach) paneer
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Besan (gram flour)- palak (spinach) dhokla
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 3, Day 5
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Ragi (finger millet) dosa with non-spicy sambar
Mid-morning
Stewed pear- chopped or stewed apple
Lunch
Roti dipped in tomato- masoor dal (red lentil) soup
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Tomato and kaddu(pumpkin) soup + roti or paratha
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 3, Day 6
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Seviyan (vermicelli) upma
Mid-morning
Sliced banana
Lunch
Wheat- banana sheera
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Roti with dal-palak
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 3, Day 7
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Broken wheat porridge
Mid-morning
Boiled potato chaat with butter
Lunch
Stewed apple + murmura (puffed rice) powder
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Bajra (pearl millet) roti with turai (snake gourd)- moong dal (green gram) sabzi
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 4, Day 1
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Mini idli + non-spicy sambar
Mid-morning
1 small banana
Lunch
Vegetable- masoor dal (red lentil) pulao
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Rice with fish curry or dal
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 4, Day 2
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Broccoli sabzi upma (soft)
Mid-morning
Mashed papaya
Lunch
Roti dipped in carrot- moong dal (green gram split) soup
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Methi (fenugreek) muthia
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 4, Day 3
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Boiled egg yolk or homemade paneer (cottage cheese)
Mid-morning
Mix stewed fruit chaat
Lunch
Aloo (potato) paratha with homemade butter
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Palak (spinach) khichdi + curd
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 4, Day 4
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Multigrain chilla
Mid-morning
Dahi (curd)
Lunch
Jeera rice with dal fry
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Paratha + paneer bhurji
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 4, Day 5
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Sattu (barley) porridge
Mid-morning
Paneer- dates ladoo
Lunch
Methi (fenugreek) thepla + bottle gourd koftas
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Gobi (cauliflower) paratha with homemade butter
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 4, Day 6
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Oats-apple porridge
Mid-morning
A few chopped strawberries/ de-skinned and de-seeded fresh tomatoes
Lunch
Besan (gram flour)- palak (spinach) dhokla
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Roti dipped in carrot- moong dal (green gram split) soup
Diet for a 11 Month-Old – Week 4, Day 7
Early morning
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Breakfast
Mashed potato+crushed murmura (puffed rice)
Mid-morning
Ragi (finger millet) ladoo
Lunch
Bhagar (millet) cooked in buttermilk
Evening
Mother’s milk /formula feed
Dinner
Jowar (sorghum) roti dipped in dal + any sabzi
Video: 11-month-old Baby Food Recipes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YyFVC_9p2I
Homemade Baby Food Recipes
1. Semolina (Suji) Halwa
Ingredients
½ cup semolina (suji)
1 cup of water
½ tsp powdered cashews/almonds (optional)
½ tsp ghee
1 date, pureed
How to Prepare
Warm the ghee in a pan and then roast the semolina in it. Keep stirring to avoid burning. When the semolina turns aromatic, add the water and date puree. Stir to prevent lumps, and if you are using the powdered dry fruits, you can add them in at this point. When the semolina appears cooked, turn off the heat. Keep the consistency of the halwa a little thin as it will thicken further while cooling.
2. Spinach and Cottage Cheese (Paneer) Pasta
Ingredients
1 cup pasta (penne or macaroni)
1 bunch spinach
1 cup grated cottage cheese (paneer)
Water as required
Salt if required
How to Prepare
First, cook the pasta and ensure it is soft enough for your baby to eat easily. You can also mash it lightly if you want. Wash the spinach well and boil it for a while. Add the cottage cheese to it and cook for a few minutes till the raw smell and taste disappear. Cool this mixture and grind it to a smooth paste with a little water. You can also add in a little salt if required. Mix this with the pasta and serve it to your baby.
3. Creamy Carrot and Sweet Corn Rice
Ingredients
¼ cup chopped onion
½ cup boiled sweet corn
¼ cup carrot peeled and chopped
½ cup of rice
1 tbsp butter
A bay leaf
A pinch of pepper powder
Water as required
How to Prepare
Heat the butter in a pan and sauté the onions in it until translucent. Add the cooked and boiled corn to this. Next, add the chopped carrots and pepper. Saute for a while and turn off the heat. You can cool this and roughly or smoothly grind the mixture depending on your child’s preferences. Boil water to cook the rice and add the bay leaf. Cook the rice till it is soft enough for your baby to eat. Stir in the mixture and remove the bay leaf. Serve it warm to your baby.
4. Apple Chicken Nuggets
Ingredients
1 egg yolk
1 apple- peeled and grated
1 clove of garlic
1 cup chicken minced or ground finely
A pinch of pepper
A pinch of thyme, finely powdered
Some oil to grill/fry
How to Prepare
Mix the listed ingredients except for the egg yolk. Then shape the mixture into small nuggets. Beat the egg yolk well and brush it on the nuggets - you can also dip the nuggets in the beaten egg yolk. Shallow fry or grill the nuggets till the chicken is cooked well. Using olive oil can make the nuggets more crispy and flavorful.
5. Kidney Bean (Rajma) Soup
Ingredients
1 small onion, chopped finely
½ cup kidney beans (rajma) soaked overnight
2 cloves of garlic, finely chopped
1 small tomato- finely chopped
2 tsp lemon juice
1 tsp butter
A pinch of black pepper powder
Salt if required
Water as required
How to Prepare
Place a pressure cooker on heat and melt the butter. Add the chopped garlic and sauté it for about a minute. Then put in the onions and stir fry till they become soft. Then add the chopped tomato and sauté till it becomes pulpy. Add the soaked kidney beans to this and sauté for a few minutes. Pour in two cups of water and cook the beans well in the cooker till they are soft enough to mash. Blend the mixture to a soup consistency and boil it. Add the lemon juice and pepper along with some salt if you want. Serve in a bowl.
Feeding Tips to Feed Your Eleven-month-old Baby
Compiling an 11-month-old baby food list and using it as a reference can simplify things for you.
Sterilise utensils like spoons, plates, bowls and glasses that you will use to feed your baby. You can immerse these in hot water for a few minutes and take them out when you are ready to serve the food.
Every time you introduce a new healthy food, be sure to keep an eye out for any signs of allergies. Also, be sure to give a gap of at least three to five days before introducing the next new food and only introduce one food at a time.
Try to avoid sugar and salt in your baby’s food at least until the first birthday. Cow’s milk and honey are also not advised unless your baby turns one.
Be sure to supplement your baby’s solid feeds with breast milk or formula based on your child’s demands.
Check with your paediatrician if you have any concerns about your child’s feeding habits.
Your baby is growing up fast and starting to explore the world around him. So, this is the right time to introduce your baby to new foods one at a time and gradually get him to eat what the family eats. Just ensure that the food you offer your child is as healthy and home-cooked.
Disclaimer:
Each child is different and so use these meal plans as a trusted guide as per your discretion. You can modify the meals according to your child’s preferences / requirements.
Never force-feed a child.
While preparing formula, please follow the instructions on the box and use the measuring spoon provided with it.
While introducing solid food to a baby, initially, one needs to prepare watery gruels/soups. As a child gets older, the caretaker/ mother has to increase the thickness of the liquids slowly according to the child’s capacity to swallow. Foods that are too thick can cause stomach upset/ unnecessary load; while excessively watery food might cause the child to remain hungry.
Some kids may eat less on some days and that is absolutely alright. However, if a child eats less for more than 3-4 consecutive days, please visit a doctor to guide further.
A child may eat less during the teething phase or if he/she may not be feeling well. You could increase breast milk /formula feeds on those days. Re-introduce the foods once the child is back to normal.
Don’t stop feeding if the child is suffering from diarrhoea.
You can alter the taste of the food by adding some natural flavours like cinnamon, jeera powder, lemon juice, curry leaves etc. if the child doesn’t accept the food initially.
If your child suffers from an allergy to nuts, gluten or eggs, please consult your doctor before feeding him/her any foods that may contain them.
Also Read:
Healthy Egg Recipes For Babies & Kids
10 Simple & Healthy Rice Recipes For Kids Read more
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White Blood Cells (WBC) Count in Pregnancy
Pregnancy brings many changes to a woman’s body. Over the period of nine months, a woman goes through a lot of physical, mental, and emotional changes that can be quite traumatic if one is not aware of these changes. One such change that causes fear is the haematological change or the changes that occur in blood. These changes are related to platelets, haemoglobin, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
What Are White Blood Cells?
The cells within the immune system are white blood cells. They shield the body against alien particles and kill any element that might cause harm to the body. Scientifically known as leukocytes, these cells are found throughout the body. Hence, these become an indicator of how physically fit, unfit, or sick one is.
What is the Role of White Blood Cells?
The white blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow have various functions. On a general note, their principal aim is to be the horsepower of the immune system, but in particular, different sets of white blood cells have different roles.
1. Neutrophils
They are mostly populated by the cells and take the largest room. They fight infections of bacterial or fungal nature.
2. Monocytes
These pull and suck in toxic waste and bacteria, eventually destroying them.
3. Eosinophils
These are the soldiers who shield the body against parasites and allergic reactions.
4. Basophils
They may be lesser than 1% of white blood cells, but they work hard at regularising blood flow and increasing cells for the immune system to stay strong through illness.
5. Lymphocytes
They produce antibodies against foreign particles and destroy them.
Changes That Are Specific to the Types of WBC
The increase or decrease of these five types of white blood cells will lead to changes in the body. This is a key factor that causes imbalance due to haemolytic change during pregnancy.
The white blood cell count increases when the immune system is fighting an infection. The high population of these cells indicates a requirement for support of the immune system. The causes could be trauma, pregnancy, allergic reactions, or autoimmune disorder. Some symptoms linked to increased white blood cells are fever, dizziness, frequent allergic reactions, and inflammation.
White blood cells decrease when an infection dominates the cells, which makes the immune system weak and further weakens the body. The causes of it could be bone marrow malfunction, infections, and sepsis. Some symptoms linked to decreased white blood cells are lethargy, tiredness, and serious compilations of simple infections.
These changes are applicable to everyone. Pregnant women would see some similar changes, and during most times, these changes are harmless:
1. Neutrophils
There is an increase in these cells during pregnancy, but it’s not dangerous to the body or the foetus. It only indicates the bone marrow’s response to the increased production of red blood cells.
2. Monocytes
During the onset of pregnancy, the mother’s immune system goes through alterations to avoid attacking the foetus. One of the alterations observed is the increase of monocytes. However, the side-effects of this are that it can lead to certain complications in pregnancy like preeclampsia. To remove these fears, the doctor may advise a test when the monocytes are observed to be too high.
3. Eosinophils
There is no change in the count of these cells. Any change will be an indication of a weak immunity or the attack of an infection.
4. Basophils
There is no significant change in the number of Basophils.
5. Lymphocytes
It decreases in the first two trimesters and increases in the last trimester and postpartum. These changes are due to suppression of immunological activity during pregnancy.
What is the Normal White Blood Cell Count During Pregnancy?
The total white blood cells in average non-pregnant women are between 4,500 – 11,000/ cu mm. During pregnancy, the minimum count to be maintained is 6000/ cu mm. In the third trimester, a range between 12000-18000 per microliter is considered as normal.
What Happens if You Have High WBC Count in Pregnancy?
As the immune system adjusts itself to your little one growing inside, you can expect the white blood cell count to increase at different intervals. This is nothing out of the ordinary and any thought of a grave medical emergency needs to be dismissed immediately.
However, if there are symptoms such as fever, hypertension, acute stress or any other immunity-related problems, do visit the doctor immediately.
Causes of High WBC Count During Pregnancy
The causes of an increase or decrease in various types of white blood cells for a pregnant or non-pregnant woman are similar. An unknown extreme increase causes a pathological condition and it is best to avoid certain elements that would cause it to increase. The top four causes are explained here:
1. Stress
Stress during pregnancy is not just emotional but also physical. This causes the white blood cell count to be higher than the usual rate to shield the body from harm. Therefore, you should practise yoga and meditation to de-stress.
2. Infection
Any bacterial or fungal infection varying from the common cold to UTI increases the white blood cells. Take precautions to keep yourself safe from such infections. Your immune system is busy shielding you, now more than ever, so take good care of yourself.
3. Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases and related allergic reactions would lead to an increase, too. White blood cells rush to areas that need help and mature. Breathing techniques and avoiding allergic areas completely would help.
4. Leukaemia or Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s diseases, Graves’ disease, or Leukaemia increase non-functional white blood cells. Unlike other cases, these cells do not do anything, but just increase to alarming quantities.
When to Consult a Doctor
Though the white blood cell count is much higher in pregnant women, there are certain symptoms to look out for, which may be a cause for concern. Consult your doctor, immediately, if you notice:
1. Fever and Pain
Fever and pain are signs that your body is fighting an infection. It is necessary for the doctor to diagnose the cause and treat you appropriately, before it causes harm to you or the foetus.
2. Breathing Issues
If you experience issues with breathing, such as shortness of breath, wheezing, etc., make sure to consult a doctor immediately. It could be a sign of an allergic reaction in the lungs, which must be treated as soon as possible.
3. Rashes, Itchiness or Hives
Allergy to the skin, causing rashes, itchiness, hives, or redness could potentially be dangerous and indicative of an infection, so make sure to consult your doctor for the appropriate treatment.
Innumerable changes occur during pregnancy and afterwards. Increase in white blood cells during pregnancy is not something to worry about, but any sign of immune weakness is a sign to visit the doctor. These usually change to strengthen a mother’s body and the womb. However, keep listening to your body. If you do feel uncomfortable, visit the doctor and always stay positive. A happy mother usually translates to a happy pregnancy.
Also Read: CBC Test during Pregnancy Read more
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Types Of Water – Uses, Pros And Cons
One of the most important elements needed for human survival and sustenance, water is a resource found in different forms. It is important you know all about the types of water so you can segregate between what’s safe and what’s not. It is a key resource for survival, so drinking unsafe water can be detrimental to health.
Our bodies are also made of 70% water, so maintaining that balance is crucial. Most of this water ends up leaving our bodies in the form of sweat and urine, which is why you always need to remain hydrated. Drinking clean water allows your body to carry out various important functions, including aiding in digestion, fighting bacteria, carrying the various nutrients to and from the cells, maintaining the sodium balance and more.
Different Types Of Water
Water is generally distinguished based on consistency, treatment, composition and origin. There are so many different types of water, segregated according to consistency and quality. Here we presenting the most commonly used forms:
1. Tap Water
One of the most common forms of water is tap water. You can get tap water straight from your faucet and, depending on where you are, it may or may not be suitable to drink directly from.
While tap water is not safe for drinking in India, it can still be used for other purposes.
Advantages
Tap water can be used for household purposes and this includes cleaning, gardening, cooking and washing clothes amongst others. Local municipal bodies, however, have regulations where the quality of water must pass before being released for consumption.
Also, tap water is one of the cheapest and most easily available forms of water in the country.
Disadvantages
There are plenty of regulations which keep harmful substances out of water. These can include lead and disinfectants but sometimes, the regulations aren’t enough. This can lead to illnesses and other long-term effects on health. In some cases, there has been the presence of plastic particles in tap water sources across the world.
Public water from the municipality can contain residues of pesticides and aluminium, making it harmful to consume. If you’re planning to use tap water for cooking purposes, then it is always advised to check with your water supplier regarding any safety concerns you might have. It is also advised to get your own water purification system if possible, to ensure that your water is cleansed entirely before you use it to clean food.
2. Mineral Water
Mineral water is another popular form of water that is consumed by people all over the world. This is considered a safe option for consumption as the water is put through different purification methods before it is finally given to the public to consume.
Advantages
The biggest advantage of mineral water is that it comes packed with essential nutrients and minerals that keep your body healthy and fighting fit. These nutrients can include the likes of calcium, magnesium, sulphur and more, which are essential for the day-to-day functioning of the body’s various systems.
Another advantage of mineral water is that is provides your body with the necessary resources with which you’ll be able to keep fit. The added minerals play a role in aiding digestion, allowing you to break down your food much better. A lot of people also prefer the taste of mineral water as it has a small tinge of sweetness to it. It is one of the best types of drinking water available.
Disadvantages
One of the main drawbacks of mineral water is the fact that it costs much more than normal tap water. Tap water is available for free in many households. Also, if you do maintain a balanced and controlled diet, you will be able to get the necessary nutrients that your body requires.
3. Glacier Or Springs
Spring or glacier water is another one among the unique varieties of water available all across the world. It is also considered the purest form of water. Some manufacturers even claim that their water is bottled right at the source. In India, this source is in the form of a glacier or spring and they are found mainly in the northern part of the country – especially the Himalayas.
Advantages
Glacier water is considered to be a pure form of water as it is collected right at the source. This water type is believed to be free of toxins as well as being relatively clean. It also contains the necessary minerals that your body requires, sometimes more than that of mineral water.
Spring water is also easily available in stores across the world, with well-known brands such as Arrowhead and Evian providing water in both small and large quantities, making them easily accessible for those who want to upgrade.
Disadvantages
Price is a major concern for spring or glacier water when compared to tap water and mineral water. It is also important that you check if the source of water is dependable. Some knockoff brands post health risks by adding harmful contaminants within the water.
4. Sparkling Water
Sparkling water is also referred to as soda water or carbonated water as it is made by infusing water with CO2 gas under pressure.
Advantages
Sparkling water tastes completely different from normal water, by giving you a fizzy taste, which is great to have on a hot day. If you dislike artificial sweeteners used in soft drinks, then sparkling water is the best alternative to consume.
You can also find flavoured sparkling water that can be purchased. Most of them throw in health-promoting minerals as well.
Disadvantages
While the minerals present in sparkling water are good, they aren’t enough to satisfy your required input. They are also expensive compared to packaged drinking water, so it is better to have it occasionally.
5. Distilled Water
Distilled water is formed by evaporating normal water and then condensing it back from steam to the liquid state. Most of the compounds in the water tend to dissipate into the air when they are boiled, leaving behind a residue of water that is devoid of any additives.
Advantages
Distilled water is generally used in automobiles to cool engines down as it does not have any added compounds within them. They are also used to top off lead-acid batteries found in trucks and other vehicles.
Disadvantages
Since distilled water does not have any minerals added to it, it does not have any health benefits. It can also be harmful to the body and pulls minerals from wherever it can.
6. Purified Water
Purified water is one of the types of groundwater as this is generally extracted and treated to ensure that it is safe for consumption. The process to make purified water kills off substances such as parasites, fungi and bacteria.
Advantages
Purified water is a great option if any immediate water source tends to be contaminated. There are many countries across the world, which generally purify tap water, making it safe for direct consumption.
Disadvantages
As harmful substances are removed from the water, one of the substances added to aid the process is fluoride. While okay in small quantities, excess of fluoride can cause issues such as tooth decay within the body.
Purchasing purified water or installing systems at home can also be expensive.
7. Alkaline Water
Generally, alkaline water tends to have a higher level of pH compared to tap water and contains negative oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and alkaline minerals.
Advantages
Alkaline water is believed to neutralize the acid within the body and helps slow the ageing process, though this hasn’t been proven yet.
Disadvantage
Drinking alkaline water is safe as it can reduce stomach acidity and kills off any harmful bacteria. However, when consumed in excess, it can cause vomiting and nausea.
8. Well Water
Well water is taken straight from the ground and is a common source of water in many rural areas in the country.
Advantages
Having your own source of fresh water is always a great option and can help you access it whenever you need it.
Disadvantages
As well water comes from the ground, it can mix with bacteria and be harmful to consume directly. If it isn’t put through any purifying methods, it can cause difficulties for your health.
Water comes in many different forms. It is important that you choose a source that is not just safe for consumption but is also suitable for the various activities you have planned.
Also Read:
Health Benefits of Drinking Water in Copper Vessel
Effective Tips for Killing Bacteria in Water Bottles
Amazing Benefits of Drinking Hot Water
References:
https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/types-of-water-7-different-types-of-waters-and-their-purposes-1770281
https://www.jainsusa.com/blog/4-types-of-water
Read more
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Common Skin Changes during Pregnancy
The human body goes through numerous changes on a regular basis. This is especially true for women during pregnancy. The body composition changes immensely at this time, and the body starts to change to adapt. One of the most common types of changes a woman’s body can go through during pregnancy is skin changes.
How Skin Changes During Pregnancy
A woman’s body is susceptible to many changes during pregnancy. Due to immense changes internally and externally, the skin can have visible differences from before you were pregnant. There are numerous types of changes that happen to the skin during pregnancy, such as:
Stretch marks
Rashes
Change in skin pigmentation (skin color)
Spots
The changes to your skin are not limited to these points; depending on the person’s constitutional makeup, their body can be affected in many ways. Talking to your primary care physician about changes you notice on your skin during different stages of pregnancy can help alleviate your fears. They can also provide more in-depth information about what skin conditions during pregnancy are expected and what is normal and abnormal. Most skin conditions that are caused by pregnancy are normal and will disappear once the baby is delivered.
Causes of Skin Changes
The body changes constantly during pregnancy due to changes in hormones and immunity. This causes a mix of chemicals in the body which results in a multitude of changes, from pimples to shiny hair. When pregnant, a woman’s body begins to prepare to play host to another organism, one that will soon develop its own organs, hormones, and immune system.
When a foetus begins to take shape, the human body evolves to make the womb a hospitable atmosphere for it to grow into a healthy baby. This requires the body hormones to be redistributed, causing an imbalance to the woman’s regular bodily functions. When an imbalance in hormones occurs, changes take place throughout the body and the most visible changes are to the skin. Some changes to the skin can be due to genetics. If there is a history of skin problems during pregnancy in your family then you are more susceptible to those problems as well. Talk to your primary care physician to better understand what skin problems during pregnancy can look like.
Are Pregnancy Skin Changes a Problem?
Skin changes that are of a common nature, such as stretch marks, pose no problems when pregnant. But if the changes seem unnatural, then it is best to visit a specialist and get a thorough diagnosis. If there is a burning or itching sensation that does not go away or if the skin has a lot of blisters or is inflamed, then you should visit your primary care physician. These signs are not commonly a side effect of pregnancy.
Pregnancy can also severely aggravate pre-existing skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema. If you have pre-existing conditions, it is best to inform your doctors. They can help guide you through how to manage the condition. It is also recommended that you inform the caregivers around you so they understand what kind of support is required to help prevent or relieve the condition.
It is also important to note that not all skin changes during pregnancy are caused due to the pregnancy itself. Skin infections and allergic reactions can still occur regardless of pregnancy. Your skin can also change colour for reasons completely unrelated to the baby or the hormonal imbalance. Keeping an eye on any change of colour or moles is essential; if the pigmentation changes are accompanied by pain, redness or burning it can be a sign of an infection. If moles on your body begin to change size, then it could be a sign of a tumour.
Common Skin Changes and their Solutions
Not all skin changes during pregnancy are bad. The term ‘pregnancy glow’ is a term commonly used to describe a positive change in the skin during pregnancy. This ‘glow’ is due to the excess moisture the skin absorbs during pregnancy. This is also a way skin color changes during pregnancy. Due to the absorption of excess moisture, the complexion changes as well; when there is excess moisture, the skin looks and feels healthier. Moisture also pushes out excess toxins from the body and opens more pores around the face. The pregnancy glow is a great example of facial skin changes when pregnant. Also, changes to the skin on the face are the most visible and recognizable.
Positive changes aside, it is important to know there can be negative changes to the skin too. You have to understand the changes in your skin, where they come from, and how to treat them effectively. Here are some of the most common skin changes you may face when you’re pregnant.
Stretch Marks
As the foetus grows, it begins to morph into a baby’s image. The growing foetus will push to expand the womb to make room for itself, creating what we know as the baby bump. This begins to stretch the skin located near the abdomen and breast regions, causing stretch marks in those regions.
Most stretch marks are red or pink in color. According to a recent study, nearly 90% of women get stretch marks during pregnancy. Stretch marks do not cause harm to your general health and are not considered dangerous in any manner; they are merely cosmetic changes.
Stretch marks can become an eyesore for some mothers. There are ways to get rid of them, such as cosmetic surgery. However, the least medicated way to treat stretch marks would be constant exercise. It is also assumed that lotions rich in vitamin E have properties that can get rid of stretch marks. But there is no medical evidence of this till date. Stretch marks, if left alone, will fade into streaks of faint silver lines after the baby is delivered. They become barely noticeable. Stretch marks have absolutely no adverse effect on your body.
Melasma and Chlosma
Melasma and chlosma are commonly referred to as the ‘mask of pregnancy’. This condition manifests as dark splotchy spots on the face, and is a sign of negative facial skin changes during pregnancy. These spots are almost always located on the cheeks and forehead. They are a sign of an increase in pigmentation. When you are pregnant, the body increases the number of hormones produced. These hormones can impact skin pigmentation and cause the mask of pregnancy to appear. According to a study on skin changes during pregnancy, it is estimated that close to half the women who are pregnant are affected by melasma and chlosma.
Melasma and chlosma will fade away after the baby is delivered. The best way to treat this would be to prevent it. When you’re pregnant, the skin is extremely sensitive. To prevent conditions like these, you should use a good sunscreen when you go outside. Ensure it is at least an SPF 15 sunscreen. Wear caps to cover sun rays from directly hitting the face. Remember, exposure to the sun increases the likelihood of manifestation of dark spots like the mask of pregnancy.
Acne and Pimples
Women who already had problems with acne can experience an aggravated condition when pregnant due to the increase in hormones. This increase in hormones will cause glands in your body that secrete oil to increase the quantity of oil they secrete into the body. This can cause massive breakouts of acne and pimples.
The way to help contain the acne would be to develop a face cleansing routine. The first step would be using a face wash that has a neutral fragrance first thing every morning and every night. Don’t wash your face more than this as it will cause your skin to become extremely dry. The second step should be to use an astringent to remove the excess oil left on the face. Be sure to avoid acne-medicated astringents as these may contain chemicals that can cause harm during pregnancy. Finally, use a moisturizer, preferably an oil-free one. If the breakout of acne is severe, seek medical advice immediately.
Varicose Veins
These inflamed blue veins manifest when the body tries to compensate for the circulation of extra blood that goes to the baby during pregnancy. They mostly appear on the legs. Varicose veins can be extremely painful and uncomfortable. You can be prone to varicose veins during the pregnancy period if there is a family history of the condition.
Although there isn’t a cure for varicose veins during pregnancy, there are steps you can take to help manage, prevent, and decrease the severity. These steps include:
Stay physically active. Move around as much as possible to help the circulation improve.
Try not to stand still for prolonged periods of time. Standing still can slow blood circulation in and around the varicose veins due to the inflammation.
Avoid being sedentary.
Elevate your feet as much as possible when sitting.
Keep your veins healthy by consuming the correct amount of vitamin C.
Spider Veins
These reddish blood vessels that branch outward are known as spider veins. They are caused due to problems with circulation in the body during pregnancy and appear usually on the neck, upper chest, arms, and face. These spider veins are more common in Caucasian women although all races of women can be afflicted by them. They can be hereditary.
To treat spider veins, ensure you consume a good amount of vitamin C every day. These veins are not painful and usually disappear by themselves after the baby is delivered. There are procedures like laser surgery available to treat spider veins.
Linea Nigra
The linea nigra is a line that runs along the navel down to the pubic regions. While this line is always present, it becomes very visible during pregnancy due to an increase in hormones. It usually begins to manifest during the fourth month of pregnancy.
There is no way to treat the change in pigmentation that causes the visibility of the linea nigra but it does disappear soon after the baby is delivered.
Skin Tags
These are very loose and small growths of skin that manifest under the breasts or arms. They are extremely common and harmless.
Skin tags usually disappear soon after the child has been delivered. If they do not, you can have them removed by visiting a dermatologist.
Darker Freckles and Moles
They are caused by an extreme increase in hormones. The complexion can become much darker due to the increase in pigmentation. This imbalance in hormones makes areas of the skin that have moles and freckles much darker too. Other areas where the pigmentation will make the skin noticeably darker are:
The nipples
The labia
The areolas
The change in pigmentation can be noticeable but is not considered extremely drastic. There is virtually nothing you can do to prevent this condition. There are chances that the pigmentation will return to normal soon after the baby is born. But the change may also remain for a while after pregnancy.
Conclusion: The conditions mentioned above are only a few of the skin changes that can occur during pregnancy. Take precautions during this vital time in your life by using the right kind of moisturizers, soaps, and oils. Consult your physician for the right kind of changes to make in your lifestyle to help prevent and manage skin conditions during your pregnancy. Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
19 hours ago
Q. my quadruple test shows trisomy 21 and my Dr. insist for amniocentesis but my family is not agree for that they are saying it's a god gift and he will care for baby.
so what should I do?
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
18 hours ago
A. you had to take a decision along with your family members and the treating doctor ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Priyanka Kalra has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
18 hours ago
Q. #asktheexperts mere period miss hue 10 hue to dr ne mujhe pregnancy test ke liye bola aur results positive aaya hai magar mujhe koi symptoms nahi nazar aa rahe what does it means
Dr Priyanka Kalra
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
5 hours ago
A. wait. do ultrasound n necessary tests after consulting a specialist. without proper check up we can't advise or help you.. Avoid shirt cuts when it comes to health if mother n baby. ok. better to show to specialist always as they get the correct diagnosis. try to avoid self and extra medication that will only complicate this and create more damage to the child
Rashmi has added a new answer
Father of a 4 yr old child
15 hours ago
Q. my 2 years boy using left hand for picking any thing.how can I avoid this
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 8 m old girl
15 hours ago
A. Kids mostly prefer using the left hand only as a very comfortable and that’s a very natural thing for them to use so if you want to change this habit you just have to constantly remind or tell your child to use the right hand that is what you can do as in India we believe that only right hand should be used for everything but actually if you see the kids using the left hand is very comfortable and there is no problem in that
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
14 hours ago
Q. how to protect baby from mosquito bites as we are using all out in our room but still mosquitoes are biting my baby and the area is swelled and baby is feeling itchy. please suggest something to avoid bites. some home remedies also.
Read moreDr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
13 hours ago
A. you can use mosquito control measures make the child were full watch and make the area sanitize and specially the corner should be cleaned regularly consult your doctor for more guidance
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
8 hours ago
Q. helo sir...i m 31 weeks pregnancy...mujd rat s na stomach tighting ho rha hain...or movements bhut kam jo rhi hain....to m kya kru...
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
7 hours ago
A. आपको डॉक्टर से मिलना पड़ेगा क्योंकि बिना डॉक्टर से मिले तकलीफ के बारे में ठीक से पताt नहीं चलेगा क्योंकि ऐसी तकलीफों के लिए पूरे शरीर का एग्जामिनेशन करना पड़ता है। दवा भी डॉक्टर से मिलने के बाद ही दी जा सकती है।
डॉक्टर बताएंगे कि आगे की ट्रीटमेंट पद्धति कैसी होगी। f
Mita nileshkumar dhimmar has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
2 hours ago
Q. hello... when my daughter born she is fair in color but now her color become dark. she is 8 days old
Mita nileshkumar dhimmar
Guardian of a 2 yr 8 m old girl
27 mins ago
A. regularly massage your baby with baby oil and use red lentils flour with milk and turmeric to massage
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