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Newborn Umbilical Cord Care: Everything Parents Should Know
It is truly a wonder that the belly button, an oft-neglected and insignificant part of the human body, is the route to providing nutrition to a baby growing inside a mother’s body. As parents, you should understand the cord’s function and the care that it needs till the time it is attached to your baby’s body. This will ensure that the umbilical cord does not create any health issues for the baby and falls off in a natural way. Through this article, you will learn all that you need to know about the cord, essential tips for its care and ways to identify any infection it could contract.
Video: Newborn Umbilical Cord Care
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yRh4jdtM-k
What Is the Umbilical Cord?
The baby is born with the umbilical cord attached to its belly button while the other end is connected to the placenta on the inner wall of the uterus. It is the placenta that provides the necessary oxygen and nourishment to the baby with the umbilical cord acting as the passage for carrying nutrients and eliminating waste.
Structure & Function of Umbilical Cord
In most cases, the umbilical cord is formed around the seventh week of pregnancy and carries out the important task of providing all essential nutrients to the foetus during its growth. The umbilical cord primarily consists of:
A vein to transport oxygen and blood from the mother’s placenta to the baby
Two arteries to send back de-oxygenated blood and other fluids from the baby to the placenta
The cord is secured safely in a sticky fluid cover known as Wharton Jelly. For further protection, this is additionally covered by a thin membrane known as amnion. When the baby comes out of its mother’s womb, this cord is detached through a painless procedure where one end is clamped quite close to the baby’s body. This leaves behind a small stump that remains attached to the baby’s belly button for 7 to 21 days.
Remember, the umbilical cord is yellowish-green in colour upon birth and will turn black over a period of time, before it undergoes a natural drying process. It is a given that you may feel unsettled by its unusual looks but you can ignore it as it will eventually fall off.
How to Take Care of the Umbilical Stump
The umbilical cord stump is the last reminder of your newborn’s nine-month stay inside your womb and needs to be cared for till the time it falls off on its own. However, don’t worry about tending to it since that’s quite simple! The scab needs to be kept clean and dry at all times to speed up the healing process. Do keep in mind that touching the stump and checking it often doesn’t help. Although, as a precaution, a visit to the doctor may be necessary if your new-born baby is crying more than usual, seems to be in pain, and is crankier than you know her or him to be.
First-time parents, here are a few tips for umbilical cord care at home, to keep you from panicking and calling up your gynaecologist or paediatrician unnecessarily:
Cleanliness is vital: The tiny stump may seem unclean and sticky at times. This signals that it needs to be cleaned with cotton or a wet cloth followed by dabbing with a soft dry tissue or cloth. Do not use alcohol or soap as well-meaning neighbours and relatives may suggest. This may cause irritation to your tiny tot’s delicate skin. In any case, there is no need to hasten the healing process that works naturally.
Keep it dry: The key to ensuring that the healing process happens naturally is to ensure the stump remains dry at all times. Exposing it to air is also important, so make sure the diaper does not enclose the area. Cut off that portion of the diaper or look for diapers with a low waist. Folding regular diapers around the navel area also works brilliantly. This will also help in avoiding contact with urine. Change wet diapers frequently as the wetness may travel upwards toward the navel area.
Sponge Bath: Till the time the umbilical cord stump is attached to your baby, resist the temptation of giving your baby a tub bath. Instead, opt for a quick sponge bath as that will make sure the navel does not remain underwater for a long time. That baby tub you’ve bought can remain unused for a couple of weeks or so. Fan the area gently if you feel uncomfortable dabbing it with a cloth.
Clothe your baby sensibly: Make sure your baby is dressed in loose-fitting cotton clothing so that the stump remains unobstructed. The lesser the rubbing of clothes and more the air circulation, the quicker is the healing process. You may want to show off your creation to the world by dressing your baby smartly, but it makes sense to hold off the fashion parade for a while and allow the umbilical cord to heal properly!
Allow natural healing: There is a natural tendency amongst first-time parents to check if the cord has dried off and will fall off at the earliest. Once it nears complete healing, you may feel tempted to pull it off, especially when you see it hanging by a tiny weak thread. Resist the temptation and let the natural process occur. It will fall off eventually.
When does Umbilical Cord Fall Off from Baby?
Remember, it will take anything from one week to four weeks, provided it is tended to in the proper manner. Since it is a living tissue, the drying process has to get completed before it falls off. At times, a small amount of blood may be visible, or the skin may appear to be raw. This is normal and will heal on its own. In no time, the umbilical cord will be replaced by a cute little baby belly button. You can call your paediatrician if the stump takes more than four weeks to heal and fall off.
Signs of Umbilical Cord Infection
It is extremely critical to keep a watch on the navel area and make sure no infection occurs. If the baby’s weight at the time of birth was low or if the baby was born premature, keeping a close eye on the wound is highly recommended. Umbilical cord infection is rare, but you should watch out for the following indications:
The base of the cord turns red or swells
There is a foul-smelling discharge from the stump
The baby’s body temperature remains above normal
The baby’s abdomen feels swollen
There is a change in appetite
The baby displays general irritability
Umbilical Cord Infection Treatment
Speak to your paediatrician immediately if you notice any of the above signs. The doctor might prescribe antibiotics to clear the infection. Also remember that constant bleeding can occur if the cord is pulled at, and this needs immediate medical attention.
Umbilical Granuloma in a new-born
In a few cases, there is a possibility that the umbilical cord may form a pink coloured scar which regularly oozes a yellowish discharge. This tissue is known as Umbilical Granuloma in a new-born and should ideally heal on its own in not more than a week’s time. Pay attention to the infected area since, unlike some other infections, this condition is not accompanied by symptoms like high fever, swelling of the abdominal area, reddening of the area, or tenderness. You should visit your paediatrician if the condition does not improve and seek medical attention without delay.
Umbilical Granuloma Treatment
To treat babies suffering from Umbilical Granuloma, doctors generally carry out the cauterization process on the infected area. Cauterization is a medical technique that burns the tissue by applying silver nitrate to the area. This helps in closing off or removing the remaining part of the umbilical cord. This is quick and painless since the area does not have any nerve endings at all.
Another proven method used by doctors for Umbilical Granuloma Treatment is tying a surgical thread to the base of the umbilical cord. This stops the blood supply to the area, thus quickening the drying of the cord and helping it to fall off in a natural way. Since none of these processes cause any pain to your new-born, you can go ahead and ask your doctor to carry out the same.
Frequently Asked Questions:
1. How should I bathe my new-born baby while caring for the umbilical cord?
While your new-born baby is still saddled with the stump of its life-giving umbilical cord, it is advisable to give it a sponge bath over a full-fledged tub bath. A tub bath will result in keeping the navel area under water for some time and this could increase the chances of an infection. The area has to be kept as dry as possible and hence, a sponge bath will suffice at this point of time. After the sponge bath too, the umbilical cord and its surrounding area should be patted till it is completely dry or fanned till it dries off. Be very careful around the affected area and do not apply soap or any other cleaning agent that could irritate your tiny one’s delicate skin. Remember, the drier the navel area remains, the quicker is the healing process, thus helping the cord to wither and fall off in a natural manner.
2. What should I do after umbilical cord falls off?
The umbilical cord residue, or stump as we call it, generally falls off within 7 to 21 days (maximum of four weeks) after it has healed naturally. Once the umbilical cord falls off, there may be a tiny raw area you may see in and around the place and this could also be followed by oozing of blood-filled fluids. However, in most cases, the cord falls off only after it has dried off completely.
3. What should I do if the umbilical cord is bleeding?
A few blood droplets around the umbilical cord are normal and should not be alarming in most cases. However, you should watch out for active bleeding. You can confirm active bleeding if another drop appears right after one drop is wiped off. Pulling at the cord before it is completely healed can lead to this condition and you should contact your doctor/ paediatrician on an immediate basis.
4. When should I call my doctor?
You should call your doctor as soon as you notice any signs of infection which include a swollen navel area, reddening of the cord, pain in the navel, bleeding, and a foul smelling discharge. Apart from this, the following conditions need quick medical attention:
Omphalitis: When the navel area becomes unusually warm, red, seems tender, and is accompanied by a discharge, the new-born could be suffering from omphalitis. This bacterial infection needs to be taken seriously as it can be life-threatening, and needs immediate medical attention from your doctor without delay.
Umbilical hernia:
In this condition, a bowel tissue is seen protruding from the navel area. This happens primarily due to the strain your baby exerts on the abdominal area while it is crying. This creates a small hole in the surrounding muscle area. This condition can be treated easily by your doctor.
Another sign of an infection or pain in the umbilical cord area is continuous crying. This too warrants a call to the doctor. Keep the doctor informed if the stump refuses to fall off naturally after four weeks or more as it may need to be cauterised or removed with the help of a surgical thread.
5. Can a protruding belly button be compressed?
Mothers generally feel that the protrusion of a belly button is due to improper care or infection. To rectify this, many parents tape the navel area using a coin or a flat item. This is untrue and cannot change the physical appearance of the belly button. It is advisable to let the appearance of the belly button be as it is and focus on other essential aspects of bringing up your baby.
The umbilical cord is crucial for the development of the baby in the womb and needs adequate care when the baby is born. Being aware of the proper way to care for it will go a long way ensuring that no problems occur.
Also Read:
Umbilical Cord Prolapse
True Umbilical Cord Knot
Nuchal Cord (Umbilical Cord Around Neck) Read more
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Labour During Second Pregnancy - How It Differs From the First
Having a baby is a laborious task. It comes with the cutest perks, but the months of gestation also have their fair share of pleasure and pain. If you have, however, delivered your first child, then things may seem like familiar ground the second time around. You may feel like you know what to expect, but that is hardly the case. A majority of mothers felt like time went by much faster during the second pregnancy. But every pregnancy is unique in its own way because the human body is unique.
How Is Labour During the Second Pregnancy Different From the First?
The first and second pregnancy can differ on many counts, and you should not expect exactly the same experience as during your first pregnancy.
1. Baby Movements Can Be Felt
It is sheer bliss when a first-time mother feels her baby’s kick or movement in the second trimester of her pregnancy. It is unusual for a woman to feel baby’s movements before the fifth month during the first pregnancy. But with the second pregnancy, you can discern the movements as early as the 13th week or sometime during the 4th month because you are familiar with what the sensation is like.
2. Baby’s Position Is Lower
The abdomen gets stretched a fair amount when one goes through pregnancy for the first time. It never fully reverts to its taut self as before and so during the second pregnancy, your baby will most likely be lower down in the abdomen that before.
3. False Contractions Are Familiar Ground
Braxton Hicks or practice contractions are common during pregnancy and mostly start by the sixth week of pregnancy. It is a tightening of muscles for about 30-60 seconds and is not obvious until the closure of the third trimester. This is likely attributed to the fact that a first-time mother is already overwhelmed by the number of changes that the body is going through. During the second pregnancy, however, familiarity allows a mother to recognise Braxton-Hicks, and it can be far worse than during the first pregnancy.
4. Labour May Happen Sooner
On average, first-time mothers have been known to go into labour in the 41st week. However, second pregnancy early labour is very common, and mothers go into labour as early as the 40th week. This is because the body is more used to pregnancy and reacts faster to the hormones released around this time.
5. Cervix Is More Dilated
The cervix is better adjusted to labour and is more readily dilated during the second pregnancy. This is one of the reasons that most women do not go through over 8 hours of intensive labour during their second pregnancy. Most women during their first pregnancy are put through eight or more hours of labour. It comes down to about 5 hours for the second one because your cervix is provided a head start now.
6. Labour Is Not Easier Though
None of this makes labour any easier because the body, being used to the exercise, makes the contractions much stronger. Take comfort in knowing that the experience of your first delivery will help you push at the right time, making the process smoother.
7. Crowning Is More Bearable
Crowning is that glorious part where your baby has passed through the entire birth canal and emerges head-first. It is made a tad bit easier in certain body positions. Obviously, the ‘head-down’ position is optimum with baby’s body facing the mother’s back. As the first pregnancy has stretched the uterine walls and the muscular tone isn’t that tight, the stress of crowning is reduced by and large.
8. There Is Heightened Awareness of Labour Commencing
The experience of a previous delivery will help the mother understand when to get to the hospital. Knowing the difference between Braxton-Hicks and real labour too is an advantage here. You will be better prepared for delivery and will certainly not rush to the hospital too late or even too early.
9. Muscles Are Looser Leading to Less Pushing
As mentioned before, the first delivery stretches your muscles to a large extent. This makes the uterine muscles, the cervix, and the abdominal muscles are all much more relaxed, and the baby has more room to make its way out. This means that the pushing becomes much lesser during the second delivery.
10. Postpartum Pains Could Be Worse
The afterpains or postpartum contractions that bring back the uterus to shape could end up being more painful as the muscle tone is lesser and uterine walls have lost a lot of their strength and elasticity.
What Are the Signs of Labour During the Second Pregnancy?
The body’s and the mind's memory of the previous delivery is very helpful during the second pregnancy. Some signs of labour that you might be familiar with are:
The belly will drop, and your breathing will become easier. The heartburn and acidity will ease up too.
The mucus plug is lost just before cervical dilation and is one of the surest signs that you are about to go into labour.
The discharge from the vagina becomes more liquid in nature and also more plentiful.
Weight loss before term is an early sign of labour because the fluids in the body coagulate to prevent excessive blood loss during delivery.
The baby becomes less active a few days before labour commences because they are getting into position and preparing for the delivery too.
Contractions become rhythmical and are regular, unlike the Braxton Hicks contractions.
Pain increases with each contraction, unlike the practice contractions.
The water breaking is a sign in second pregnancy labour to go to hospital.
How Can You Prevent Episiotomy While Giving Birth for the Second Time?
If you have had an episiotomy during your first delivery, you can try the following to avoid it during the second pregnancy:
Have perineal muscle massage in the final month leading up to the delivery.
Try sitting upright while pushing so that gravity assists during the delivery so that you can avoid the perineal tear.
Additional Tips to Consider
It is said, "Being well-prepared means half the battle won". Although nothing can ensure that things go as per plan, you should be prepared, nevertheless. Here are a few things that you can do:
Be in regular contact with your doctor.
Have your bags prepared at the first signs of labour.
Make sure that you and your partner have spoken about the administering of drugs like epidurals, etc.
Be sure to relax and anticipate changes to your plan.
If things go differently than what you expected, embrace it and look forward to delivering a healthy baby in a safe manner.
While there are multiple differences between the first and second pregnancy, there are many similarities too. Many ladies have repeated nausea, swelling, pains and aches, and fatigue. Some are also worried that if they have had a caesarean during the birth of their first child, they cannot have a vaginal birth. This is not true, and a VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Caesarean) is possible too when the pregnancy is normal and without any complications. So put your feet up, relax and watch for those early signs of labour. Soon you will be on your way to having a healthy and beautiful baby.
Also Read:
Common Childbirth Fears and Working Tips to Cope with Them
Effective Tips for Dealing with Labour Pain
Does Tea Help for Inducing Labour Read more
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Hilarious New Year Resolutions Your Toddler Should Make
If toddlers made New Year's resolutions, parents would heave a sigh of relief! Clean walls and no food wastage would be just a few of the changes they could make. But being the little monsters they are, would their resolutions hold through to the end of the year? Probably not!
The New Year is a time for change and new beginnings. Resolutions abound as you feel determined to live life better. Have you ever wondered that if your little toddler knew about New Year resolutions, what changes he’d make in his little life?
Funny New Year’s Resolutions Your Toddler Made
No more Diapers!
I will try and get potty trained. The diaper gets so messy and mom doesn’t look too happy every time she needs to change it. I won’t have to wear that big diaper anymore!
Fewer Tantrums
I’m going to throw fewer tantrums, even though tantrums are my birthright and get me what I want. Maybe if mom and dad see how well-behaved I am, they’ll reward me with a few treats?
Resolve to Eat Better!
I will try to eat at least three full meals a day without spitting them out all over mommy, or on the floor. I do like the look on mom’s face too when she gets soup all over her hair!
No Wall Art
I will not scribble on walls with crayons, permanent markers or pens. It seems to get all the grownups really angry. I don’t understand why, though; it’s art! Plus, why would anyone want plain walls?
Fewer Night-time Wake-ups
Instead of waking up five times in the middle of the night, I’ll bring it down to just twice. I do miss mommy and daddy a lot at night but they do look tired in the morning.
Make-up is for Mommy, Not Me
I’m not going to use mommy’s make-up again. Everyone makes such a fuss. Maybe I could eat it instead!
Keep My Mittens On
I will not pull off my mittens and cap. It’s cold and mommy’s just trying to keep me warm and protect me. It’s just that the cap ruins my hair and spoils my look!
Watch Something Different
I will broaden my cultural horizons. Nobody else seems to enjoy watching ‘Madagascar’ every day. Maybe ‘Lion King’ could be next on my list. I’ll select a new bedtime book too. Mommy says it’s no fun reading the same thing every night, and she goes off to sleep before I do.
Eat New Things
I will try one new food item every week. Mom says I need to move beyond khichdi or I’ll never learn how to chew. But khichdi is so yummy and it requires no effort to eat. Maybe I’ll try pizza since the adults seem to love it!
Put Toys Away
I promise to put away my toys once I’m done playing with them. Mom’s been threatening not to buy me any more toys till I learn to keep them away. I’m going to be good and start taking care of them better.
Toddlers can keep parents on their toes and sometimes drive them up the wall. But if kids could make these funny New Year’s resolutions, it would definitely make parenting easier! Read more
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What to Do When You Are Sad - Try These Little Things to Shake Off Your Blues
A sad feeling can be heart-wrenching at times. To put it bluntly, it’s an awful feeling. However, one thing you should keep in mind is that everything in one’s life is transitory and ever-changing. And this goes for your emotions as well, so that feeling of sadness will not linger around for long. Again, that doesn’t mean that you have to stay sad until that feeling wears off.
15 Mood Boosting Things to Do When You Feel Sad
Here are 15 hand-picked things to do when you are sad, to cheer up.
1. Watch Some Comedy Movies
Laughter is one of the best medicines to help you out of your blues, and watching a nice comedy movie can bring a smile to your face. If you are looking for some recommendations, watching a Disney movie might be a good choice to lift your spirits.
2. Go and Take a Stroll
Walking is not only good for your health, but several studies show that it also helps in boosting your energy and keeping your spirits up for good.
3. Have a Mug of Hot Chocolate
Who doesn’t love chocolates? It’s an all-time favourite for almost all age groups. So if you are down and looking to cheer yourself up, a tempting taste of hot chocolate may be enough to soothe your mood. To make it better, sip it slowly as you watch a Disney movie.
4. Cuddle With a Pet
Are you a pet lover? Then half of your worries are already taken care of! Grab your cute pet cat or dog and cuddle softly with them to make you feel better.
5. Have a Talk With Someone You Love
We all have someone dear to us in our life - be it your best friend, your partner, or your mom or dad. Pick anyone who’s been there for you through thick and thin, and don't hesitate to give them a call and let them know that you can use a little change of mood.
6. Jump Into a Warm Shower
Did you know that a warm shower can lift your mood as well by providing emotional warmth? Apparently, a hot shower increases the oxytocin levels which helps in soothing the feeling of anxiety.
7. Clean Your Room
Cleaning or tidying up your room helps your mind to focus, and it also keeps your mind from having negative thoughts. Not only this, doing something productive such as cleaning will give you a sense of achievement, which in turn will make you feel good.
8. Listen to Some Good Music
Music is a great way to lift up your spirits as well. After a long and bad day, a nice, warm shower followed by a good meal and some good music can put you in a lively mood. Put on some soothing music of your choice and feel your heart dancing to the beats of the music.
9. Wear Your Loose and Comfy Clothing
Things can feel a lot better if you are lounging in your comfy pyjamas. Besides, loose and cosy clothes can help your skin feel free.
10. Meditate and Feel the Inner Peace
Don’t worry, you don’t have to be an expert to meditate. Just get yourself in a comfortable position, close your eyes and take a long but slow breath. Be conscious of your breath, and after 5-10 minutes of this practice, you will feel a lot better. You may play some soothing music in the background to create an ambience.
11. A Positive Quote
Do you have any favourite quote which energises you every time you come across it? Well, then it’s better to write it down and paste it on your wall or door to create a positive atmosphere around you. And if you don’t have a favourite quote, you can look up online and choose one if you connect with it. Even better, compile positive quotes in a notebook and read through them whenever you feel down.
12. Colour Your Mood
If you are down and wondering, "I am depressed, what to do?" then it’s time for you to take things in your own hands. And we mean it literally - pick up a pencil and some brushes for colouring. Draw anything - whatsoever comes to your mind, and once you are done, it’s time to colour it! Choose bright colours to feel good, and watch your mood lift up.
13. Shopping
If you are feeling down, shopping may help you distract your mind from all those negative thoughts and liven up your mood.
14. Stand up Comedy Shows
We still insist that nothing beats good laughter to put someone in the right mood. So after taking your long and warm shower and getting dressed in your cosiest clothes with your favourite cup of hot chocolate, relax on your couch and watch some hilarious stand-up specials available on the internet.
15. Take an Expert's Advice
If nothing seems to be working out for you, there might be some other reason as to why you are feeling sad. In such cases, it’s better to seek expert advice so you can find out the root cause and bring back your smile.
Remember, happiness is a personal choice. You have it in you to achieve it, given that you choose to make the right efforts. Nothing is permanent. If it’s rainy today, then it will be a bright, and sunny day tomorrow. Be optimistic, and start your day with a big smile.
Also Read:
Simple Ways to Make Yourself Happy Every Day
Ways to Develop a Positive Attitude
Simple Ways to Take Care of Yourself Read more
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Dr Priyanka Kalra has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
5 hours ago
Q. In my growth scan doctor found that 2 round cord has been partly around baby necks. Is there any problem with this. will I get normal delivery?
Dr Priyanka Kalra
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
1 hour ago
A. better cesarean. better to show to specialist always as they get the correct diagnosis. try to avoid self and extra medication that will only complicate this and create more damage to the child
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
4 hours ago
Q. I m preganant in 5 month in twin baby. Last lmp is 22/12/2023. my expected due date
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
2 hours ago
A. 29.9.24. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Sunita Mahato has added a new answer
Mom of a 1 m old child
4 hours ago
Q. #asktheexperts How to increase quantity of milk production?
Sunita Mahato
Mom of 3 children
4 hours ago
A. to increase milk take latction supplement as lactare...
take green papaya bottle gourd bitter gourd fennel seeds garlic oats ragi dalia sabudana ...
regular pumping increase milk use Babyhug electric breast pump...
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
4 hours ago
Q. hi doctor from two days i am eating milk cream with sugar and i want to burn it in my stomach I am 5 month pregnant plzz help ??
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
2 hours ago
A. at present weight no exercise is other than moderate walking. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
3 hours ago
Q. I am in my 8th month of pregnancy (last week), and for some reason I am continously facing lot of fatigue. I am feeling deprived of energy and I don't have any energy to do anything. resting isn't Helping in any way and taking small walks isn't too. what can be the possible reason and how to overcome this.
Read moreDr Ghouse
Paediatrician
2 hours ago
A. yes that can be both physical and psychological problems during pregnancy ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Sai Prasanthi R L has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
1 hour ago
Q. hi,
pls advice , after hcg tigger injection can we do intercourse to conceive and till when we can do ...trying to conceive
Sai Prasanthi R L
Mom of a 10 yr 2 m old boy
1 hour ago
A. Hello dear! We understand your eagerness and concern. It is advisable to check with your consulting doctor regarding this matter. Clarify your concerns and follow your doctor’s advice. Maintain a good personal hygiene routine and a healthy lifestyle
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