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Object Permanence Milestone - Importance and Stages
As adults, we understand that objects exist even if we cannot see or hear them, but babies do not perceive the objects in a similar manner. For babies, whatever is not seen or heard ceases to exit. However, it is an important milestone for babies to understand and learn that even if they can’t see certain things, they are still there and this is what object permanence is all about.
What is Object Permanence
Object permanence is when your mind knows that even if you cannot see or hear something, it is there. When your baby is one month old, if you hide something from your baby or put it away, your baby thinks that it does not exist any longer, this is because his hearing and vision are still in a nascent stage. However, soon enough that is around 4 to 7 months of age, your baby understands that if something is out of sight or mind, it is still there.
Why is Object Permanence an Important Milestone
Object permanence is an important developmental milestone. Object permanence helps your baby to understand the world around him; he also learns to expect what may happen next. For instance, if you hide your baby’s toy under the blanket, he will look for it by lifting up the blanket. This gives your baby an idea that it is okay for things to disappear sometimes or give up things because he can get it back later. Lack of object permanence in the earlier months may frighten your baby. If you go into another room for some time, he may get frightened thinking that you have disappeared, as for babies what they can’t see, no longer exists. However, as your baby learns about object permanence, he learns that people exist, which means that even if they leave, they are there. And thus now when you come and go, he will be fine with it.
When Does a Child Develop Object Permanence
Here we shall discuss the stages of object permanence or how a child achieves this milestone:
1. Birth to 1 Month: Reflexes
In the neonatal stage, your baby understands and explores the world around him through his reflexes. Your baby relies on his reflexes such as sucking, startling or rooting in order to interact with the world around him. However, at this age, your baby has no idea of object permanence, but he is exposed to visual stimuli that means that he may detect movements, which is an important milestone at this stage.
2. 1 to 4 Months: Primary Circular Reaction
Your baby may respond to familiar images, objects or activities, though it may only be for a few seconds. Also, your baby may keep looking at an object or follow an object for some time. Around this age, your baby’s attention is more intentional rather than reflexive.
3. 4 to 8 Months: Secondary Circular Reaction
Around this age, a baby pays more heed to the world around him and may perform actions to generate a response. During this stage, your baby starts understanding about object permanence and may look for partially hidden things but may not look for completely hidden things. Your baby may take visual clues and comprehend about objects, but he is yet to understand more about object permanence.
4. 8 to 12 Months: Greater Sense of Exploration
Your baby is able to retrieve objects that you may hide from him, though it may seem a small task, it is a major cognitive development milestone. Your baby explores things and is more goal-oriented, which means his desire to look out for things is more intentional. However, your baby may find an object that you hide at a usual place and not understand that he can find the object at a different place.
5. 12 to 18 Months: Tertiary Circular Reaction
Around this age, your baby may be able to find an object that is within his visual field. This means that he may only look for an object that you may hide within his visual field and not beyond that. Your baby may do things to gain attention from other, which is a significant milestone for your little one.
6. 18 to 24 Months of Age: Emergence of Object Permanence
Around this age, your baby has a fair idea of what object permanence is. Your baby develops a mental representation of objects, which means that he may be able to find hidden objects too. By this time, your baby will be able to imagine a thing that he cannot see and thus he is able to understand about object permanence.
How Piaget Measured Object Permanence in Infants
Before the theory of object permanence was suggested, it was believed that cognitive development happens passively, that is it just happens. Jean Piaget, a psychologist, believed that cognitive development in babies and children is more vast and complex than it is understood to be. As per Piaget’s theory, babies do not just sit and wait for things to happen, rather they make constant efforts to understand new information, apply it to their existing concepts, and create their own representation of various objects around them. In simple words, babies understand and perceive various things around them by making use of their motor skills such as vision, touch, movement, and taste.
At first, babies have no clue of the world around them, and they believe and understand, only what they can see. Therefore, mental representation of various objects becomes very important in order to understand that objects continue to exists, even when the eyes cannot see them.
Jean Piaget calls these mental representations as schemas, which means knowledge of things in the world. For instance, a baby may have a schema for breast milk or bottle. As your baby grows, his schemas multiply and may become more and more complex. However, by the process of accommodating and assimilating, children tend to develop various new categories by increasing their already existing categories and may change their current schemas.
Object Permanence Games
Babies learn soon through fun and playful ways, and therefore as parents; you do not have to slog your way out to teach your baby about object permanence. The best way to help your baby learn any skill is by spending some quality time with your baby. It is only through interaction and experiences with parents and loved ones that may help your baby to master various skills and enhance his learning. You may buy object permanence toys or play the following games with your baby:
1. Play Leave and Return
This a good game that you can play with your little one. You can simply go from the room, leaving your baby with your partner or a caretaker and return in a while. It is a great way of teaching your baby that even when he cannot see you, you are there. Also, object permanence is not just about visual perception. You can even call out your baby from the other room to let him that you are there, even if you are not visible.
2. Play Peek-a-boo
Peek-a-boo is one of the best games of giving a hang of object permanence to your baby. You may play this game with your baby if he is anywhere between 6 to 12 months of age, as by this age he is getting the idea of object permanence. You may hide behind a curtain or a door and show your face to the baby and then hide again. Your baby may be able to understand that if you are not seen, you are still there hiding behind the curtain.
3. Hide Your Baby’s Favourite Toy
You can take your baby's favourite toy and hide it under the blanket for a while and then take it out. You can also leave a small part of it visible so that your baby can find it out on his own. You can make this game more interesting and challenging as your baby grows, by hiding most of the toy and making a smaller part visible. Alternatively, you can take the toy and hide it behind you and bring it in front of your baby.
The above-mentioned games are a fun way to make sure that your baby understands about object permanence. However, not all babies are alike, where some babies may enjoy playing such games, others may panic at the sheer thought of your disappearance. It is recommended that you handle the situation accordingly, if your baby is not okay, skip playing such games for some time.
If you want to know how well your child understands object permanence or any other query, get in touch with your baby’s doctor.
Also Read: 24 Months (2 Years Old) Baby Growth and Development Read more
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Belly Dancing during Pregnancy - Benefits and Precautions
Belly dancing and pregnancy are two phrases you would never expect to see in the same sentence. Pregnancy requires you to take enough rest and not undertake intense physical activities. And if you’ve seen belly dancing, you would have known how wonderfully some dancers can move. Even then, it is possible to carry out belly dancing even while you’re pregnant.
History of Belly Dancing
As a matter of fact, belly dancing was never meant to be the kind of dance we all associate it with these days. These dances were never meant to entertain or seduce the audience. These were all associated with celebrating womanhood and pregnancy.
It is believed that when a girl would hit puberty, she would be taught belly dancing so as to prepare her for giving birth to a child sometime in the future and celebrate her oncoming womanhood. When a woman is about to deliver her baby, all the other people gather together and perform the belly dance for her. By observing the dance, the mother can take her mind off the pain of the delivery and help carry out the birth in a way that allows her to flow with the contractions than fight them.
The act of belly dancing from a young age helps the woman build the muscles necessary to facilitate an easy childbirth. These also help keep the child safe and secure during pregnancy.
Is it Safe to Do Pregnancy Belly Dance?
With the right precautions and knowing which moves to undertake, belly dance can be a fun-filled activity for pregnant women that is beneficial as well. It helps keep the balance strong and strengthen the right muscles, too.
Benefits of Belly Dancing for Pregnant Women
Here are some of the benefits of belly dancing while pregnant.
Belly-dancing builds up strength in the muscles of the pelvis and abdomen. These are especially required during childbirth and keeping them strong helps the mother return back to normal sooner.
It helps reduce stress and anxiety of the pregnancy and provide immense relaxation almost immediately.
Belly dancing can start nudging a baby in an improper position to take the right position for delivery. A child facing ahead can start facing behind which is optimal.
It brings back the confidence in the body that the mother had prior to getting pregnant. Also builds up on the body image, increasing positivity.
It also assists in building and maintaining a good posture that prevents stress on the back and keeps the body fit.
Coordination of various bodily limbs and keeping a balance of added weight becomes quite easy with regular belly-dancing practice.
Belly-dancing builds up the floor tone of the pelvis that is essential in preventing any instance of prolapse of the uterus later in life.
It can increase social interaction by meeting other pregnant women at the belly dance class.
Things You Need to Practice Belly Dance in Pregnancy
Here are few things you will have to arrange for before you can belly dance during pregnancy
A free-flowing full skirt, that either reaches your knee or your ankles. In the later months of the pregnancy, the skirt would have to be worn on your hips.
Exercise clothes that are stretchable and made from natural material that allows your body to breathe.
A comfortable top. Whether you want to display your stomach or not is your own personal choice.
If you want to try your hand at veil dancing, you can use a scarf as well. Or even tie a shawl around your hip with a coin belt for jingling sounds.
No need of any special footwear since bare feet is the best way to dance and connects you to the ground.
A class will usually have the right kind of music. If doing at home, you can find the relevant music on the Internet as well.
Safe Moves of Belly Dancing You Can Try when Pregnant
Not every belly dance move is pregnancy-friendly!
Start making large hip circles slowly. By doing so, the gravity acts on all areas of the uterus and can help in bringing the baby into an appropriate position.
You can make 8-shaped movements with your hip, too. When these 8s are made in a lateral way instead of horizontal, it helps in preparing your body for labour.
The most fun movement is swinging your pelvis from one side to the other. This is easy to do and can easily get exciting.
Precautions to Take while Doing Pregnancy Belly Dancing
While belly dancing is not prohibited during pregnancy, you still need to take some precaution.
Do not try to emulate the professional belly dancing moves that involve sharp movements. Keep your movements slow and rhythmic.
Always bend your knees when you dance. Do not keep them locked since it might cause the ligaments to tear.
Don’t shimmy as it could disturb the baby. Also avoid jumping, twisting of the hips quickly or bending too far behind.
Eat a couple of hours before you begin dancing. Keeping yourself hydrated is also essential before and on completion of the dance.
In case of any pain or discomfort, stop dancing and call your doctor immediately.
When Should You Avoid Belly Dancing?
Irrespective of whether your pregnancy is an easy or difficult one, do NOT belly dance under the following circumstances:
If you have gestational diabetes due to pregnancy
If you are susceptible to pre-eclampsia
If you have had premature deliveries in the past
Belly dance for pregnancy can be a wonderful activity for women to get their groove back, even during pregnancy. The strength that the muscles build up can be quite beneficial even after delivery. With the right exercises, you can make sure your delivery does not face any problems and you have the strength to bring your newborn baby into this new world.
Also Read: Dancing during Pregnancy Read more
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Tips to Dress up Your Kids for Navratri Festival
Navratri is one of India’s most colourful festivals. It is celebrated to worship Hindu Goddesses. Meaning ‘Nine Nights’, it is a festival where every night is dedicated to worshipping a different form of the Hindu Goddess. It ends on the tenth day, which is called Dusshera or Vijayadasami. This entire festival is filled with merriment and joy, and a time for even young children to get decked up in the finest traditional attire so that they can dance their tiny legs away. Let’s look at some Navratri dress ideas for kids below.
Video: Tips to Dress Your Kids Up for Navratri
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aE8wUKKqGp4
How to Dress Up Children for Navratri?
Picking out a dress for your tiny tot can be a task in itself. You want your little one to look his or her best, get compliments from all your friends and relatives and outshine all his or her peers. Make sure that what you pick out not only looks good but is also comfortable. Your child will be wearing the attire and running all around, dancing to music and playing with his friends. He will be bound to work up a sweat, and you don’t want his attire to make him itchy or uncomfortable in any way. Similarly, if you have a daughter, you don’t want to weight her down with too much fluff and jewellery. Keep it simple, attractive and comfy. Here are tips you can take inspiration from:
Dressing up Little Girls for Garba
There are many Navratri dress ideas for little girls.
1. Their Dress
The traditional Garba attire for girls is as follows: a colourful flared skirt, an embroidered blouse and a dupatta which is patterned with sequins, mirrors, shells etc. There are many varieties available which are similar to this setup, and you can mix and match. But make sure the dupatta is not too long or heavy. It needs to be light so that your daughter can handle it with ease and not trip while dancing. Also, pin it safely to her blouse with a safety pin, so it doesn’t slip off. The other tip is to find a dress which does not have sequins or mirrors which stick out. These might rub your child’s delicate skin and hurt her. Lastly, keep the dupatta as an optional item, only if your child insists on wearing it.
2. Jewellery
Usually, it is better to leave your daughter free on any jewellery which might hamper her enjoyment by irritating her or ending up getting undone and lost. She will look fantastic even without any shiny jewellery. But if she insists and if you want to adorn her with some simple accessories, opt for lightweight jewellery. Like thread necklaces or bindis on her ears instead of earrings. You can adorn her arms with a few colourful bangles as usually they do not cause much bother and are light to handle. Handmade feet jewellery like thread anklets is another option.
3. Footwear
A type of Indian footwear called 'mojris' can be a comfy and attractive footwear option for your daughter. Or you can just let her wear her regular footwear. Don’t put your child in any shoes with heels on them as it can be dangerous and she may trip and fall easily.
4. Makeup
If your daughter is above 5 years of age, you can use some light make up on her face. Make sure to use a good brand which is free of chemicals and does not cause any allergy to her face. Otherwise, just apply a bit of kohl and face powder, and she’ll be ready to go!
Dressing Up Little Boys for Garba
Here are a few Navratri dress ideas for little boys:
1. Their Dress
The typical male attire for Garba is a two-piece ‘kediyu’ which is a traditional embroidered sleeveless jacket, a coloured ‘pyjama’ below and a turban or cap. Make sure it is lightweight, and it does not have any sharp sequins or pins inside which can hurt your child. You need to get the right size for him so that it doesn’t slip while dancing. The cap can be an optional item.
2. Jewellery
You can adorn your son with some oxidized lightweight jewellery like a metallic necklace, anklets and clip-on earrings. You can also go for thread accessories for the neck and feet.
3. Footwear
As for girls, ‘mojris’ for boys are the most comfortable to wear and dance in.
4. Makeup
If your son is fascinated with makeup and wants you to apply some on his face, dab a bit of lip gloss or foundation on. Make sure it is from a good brand which does not have any chemicals that can irritate your little one’s skin.
Other Accessories for Children (Boys and Girls)
Dandiya dress ideas for kids are incomplete without the extra other accessories, like
Traditional anklets, armlets, and wristlets
Embroidered purses and slings
A smart, traditional umbrella piece
Your child will look smart carrying any one of the above as an accessory to his or her outfit. Of course, they might be enthusiastic in the beginning but tire out soon enough and stuff whatever they are carrying into your hands while they run off to play, but it would be worth to see them in the entire Navratri get up for at least some time, wouldn’t it?
Navratri can be a beautiful time to celebrate for you and your family. Especially, your kids will have a whole lot of fun. And it would be amazing to watch them running around looking like princes and princesses. Hope you follow some of the above Garba dress ideas for kids and have a happy and safe Navratri. Make sure to take many pictures for the photo albums!
Also Read: How to Dress Your Baby as Lord Krishna Read more
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How to Handle Conflict with your Child
As a parent, there will be occasions when you will be in conflict with your child. Handling such situations demand your acceptance of the fact that conflicts are a big part of parenting. How you react, what stands you take, what rules you establish together considering the age and personality of your child are critical factors. There is no magic formula you can use to handle a situation, but it is not impossible to manage it well.
Your first reaction to a conflict with your child could be anger and frustration. You could also be shocked and offended that your child is standing up to you. When in conflict with your child, remember that you have also done it with your parents. It is a normal and intrinsic part of growing up. How you handle situations will determine whether you strengthen your bond with your child, or weaken it.
When your child enters the terrible twos, he becomes more assertive and is just beginning to be a rebel. Anger on your part will only harden your child’s resolve and intensify the conflict. The key to effective conflict resolution is being calm on the face of an angry or aggressive child.
Tips to Manage Conflict with your Child
1. Take the time off
Do not react immediately. Take some time to breathe deeply and relax. When your child sees you taking time to control before responding, he learns to do the same. If the conflict continues despite this, remember to stay calm.
2. Don’t take it personally
As a parent, you are likely to feel frustrated or perceive your child’s behavior as a personal attack. Most of the times, it is just a matter of your child questioning your authority. He wants to be in-charge and cannot stand it that you’re the sole in-charge. It is more of a power struggle than something personal.
3. Don’t criticize
Be careful not to criticize your child. Saying this is wrong is the correct approach to adopt, but just put it across briefly.
4. Establish rules
One of the key ideas on how to handle a conflict with your child is establishing rules. For instance, you could give a time out or enforce disciplinary action. “No chocolates for one week because you have been destructive”. This helps your child to understand that being destructive means he becomes liable to forego something he likes.
5. Voice tone
Don’t shout at your kids. You need to be assertive and clear, while talking with them. Talk with them in a peaceful manner.
6. Do not resort to violence
No matter how angry or upset you are, do not hit your child. If you get physical and violent, your child will learn to associate anger with violence. Sending your child to his room for half an hour is better than slapping him.
If you are at the receiving end of kicking, hitting and flinging things, then ask your child to stop it at once. Explain that this could hurt someone and is not done. Be gentle yet firm and communicate that hitting is not okay.
Managing conflict with your child is an ongoing process which will change as your child grows. While accepting it as a part of parenting, neither take it lightly nor personally. Teaching your child to manage conflict is an important responsibility. Some understanding, patience and love should help you sail through the situation. Read more
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Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
7 hours ago
Q. ninth month mein kab tak delivery ho sakti hai
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
7 hours ago
A. anytime after full term ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
7 hours ago
Q. my last period date Dec 26 pregnancy test date January 31 check panen apom 37 days ipom enaku evlo weeks and days what ?..
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
7 hours ago
A. I don’t understand your language can you please post your question once again in English or Hindi whatever language you are more comfortable with because anybody on this only we can give you response on that
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
7 hours ago
Q. which good formula milk or baby food for 4 months old baby
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
7 hours ago
A. no complementary foods below 4 months can use any branded formula milk. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
7 hours ago
Q. Iam 9month pregnant and having very painful condition due to constipation and gastric issues
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
7 hours ago
A. during pregnancy better not to take medicines for constipation take lot of water green leafy vegetables seasonal fruits you can try suppository if the problem is more o k o k
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 7 months
5 hours ago
Q. hi Doc,
eating raw mango, chapathi or any heat producing foods cause miscarriage during first trimester?
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
5 hours ago
A. no relation ok c. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 7 months
4 hours ago
Q. Hi Doc,
I'm getting cramps on my right side of lower stomach. is this normal or do I have to visit doc?
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
4 hours ago
A. without examination it is difficult to tell proper treatment as well as advice so you should visit the doctor5 for health assessment as well as examination.
whether any investigations is required or not will be told by the doctor5
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