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Optional & Mandatory Vaccines for Babies and Children in India
Everybody knows how important it is for children to be vaccinated. Some vaccinations are mandatory in India, whereas there are others that are considered to be optional but do not let that mean that you dismiss them as even they have become a necessity today. We know that it can be hard to remember the vaccine names and their due dates. To make parenting a little bit easier, we made the Vaccination Tracker. This tool provides a customised immunisation schedule at your fingertips. All you have to do is tell us when your baby was born and we’ll do the rest!
List of Optional and Compulsory Vaccines
Here are the mandatory vaccinations for babies in India and optional vaccines for infants in India:
1. At Birth Time
Your baby will need the following:
a) BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)
This vaccination will cause a bit of swelling at the site it was administered.
What It Prevents
This vaccination prevents Tuberculosis
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
Mandatory as it is a deadly disease that is responsible for two million deaths every year.
b) OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
OPV is administered in three routine doses during the first year of a child’s life. It is given via oral drops.
What It Prevents
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
OPV is a mandatory vaccination as polio is a disease that damages the nervous system and leads to muscle weakness and even paralysis.
c) Hepatitis B
It is vital that this vaccine is given to your baby within twelve hours of birth in order to prevent viral transfer between you and your baby.
What It Prevents
Hepatitis B virus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
Mandatory as it can cause liver infections and problems in your baby
2. At 6 Weeks (1.5 Months)
Your baby will need the following:
a) DPT 1
There may be swelling and pain at the site and slight fever.
What It Prevents
This vaccine prevents Diphtheria, Pertussis (Whooping Cough) and Tetanus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as they are contagious and fatal diseases.
b) HiB 1 (Influenza Type B)
These vaccines are found in liquid and lyophilized formulas.
What It Prevents
Brain and Spine damage
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional but recommended to prevent brain and spine damage
c) Rotavirus 1
There are two vaccinations, and the first one is administered at six weeks.
What It Prevents
Rotavirus infection which causes severe diarrhoea and vomiting, especially in young infants.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
This vaccine is considered to be an optional one, but it is highly suggested that you give your child this vaccination as the Rotavirus infections are highly contagious.
d) PCV 1 (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine)
Most pneumococcal infections occur during the first two years of a child’s life, which is why it is a shot that is given to babies and toddlers.
What It Prevents
It prevents bacteria from causing blood and ear infections.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional, but recommended that you give your child this shot as these infections are contagious.
e) Hepatitis B
Your baby will need a second dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine.
What It Prevents
It protects your baby from the Hepatitis B virus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
This virus can cause liver infections in your child.
3. At 10 Weeks (2.5 Months Old)
Your baby will need to take the following:
a) IPV 2 (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)
This will be the second dose.
What It Prevents
Polio
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional, but recommended in order to give them better immunity.
b) DPT 2
The second dose of the DPT Vaccine.
What It Prevents
Diphtheria, Pertussis (Whooping Cough) and Tetanus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory vaccine as they are contagious.
c) HiB 2
This is the second dose.
What It Prevents
Brain and spine damage
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional but recommended.
d) Rotavirus 2
The second required dose.
What It Prevents
Rotavirus infection.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional, but it is highly suggested as the infections are highly contagious.
e) PCV 2
The second dose of PCV.
What It Prevents
Blood and ear infections.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional, but it is recommended as infections are dangerous.
4. At 14 Weeks (3.5 Months Old)
At this age, your baby will need to take the following:
a) IPV 3
This will be the third dose of this vaccine.
What It Prevents
Polio
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional vaccination, but recommended for better immunity.
b) DPT 3
The third dose.
What It Prevents
Diphtheria, Pertussis, also known as a Whooping Cough and Tetanus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as the diseases are highly contagious.
c) HiB 3
This is the third dose.
What It Prevents
Brain and spine damage
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional but recommended for better immunity.
d) Rotavirus 3
The third required dose.
What It Prevents
Rotavirus infection.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional, but suggested as the infections are contagious.
e) PCV 3
The third dose of PCV.
What It Prevents
Blood and ear infections.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional, but it is recommended that you give your child this shot as these infections are contagious.
5. At 6 Months Old
Your baby will need the following:
a) Hepatitis B 3
The last dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine.
What It Prevents
Protects your baby from the Hepatitis B virus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
This virus can cause liver infections and problems in your baby.
b) OPV 1 (Oral Polio Vaccine)
Given by oral drops.
What It Prevents
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
This dose is considered mandatory as it gives your child a better chance of protection.
6. At 9 Months Old
Your baby will need the following:
a) OPV 2
Given by oral drops.
What It Prevents
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
Mandatory as it gives your child a better chance of protection.
b) MMR 1
This vaccine is given in two doses.
What It Prevents
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as these are serious illnesses.
c) TCV 1
This vaccine is given in two doses.
What It Prevents
Typhoid
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
It is mandatory as typhoid can be life-threatening.
7. At 12 Months Old
Your baby will need the following:
a) Hepatitis A
This is usually taken in two doses.
What It Prevents
Hep A, liver disease
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
It is mandatory as it is contagious.
8. At 15 Months Old
Your baby will need the following:
a) MMR 2
The second dose of the vaccine.
What It Prevents
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why
Mandatory as they are serious illnesses.
b) Varicella
This will require two doses.
What It Prevents
Chicken Pox
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
The illness is highly contagious, so it is recommended your child gets it.
c) PCV Booster
The final PCV booster.
What It Prevents
Ear infections and blood infections
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Optional but necessary to prevent problematic infections.
9. 18 Months Old (1.6 years)
Your little one will need the following:
a) Hepatitis A 2
The second dose of this vaccine
What It Prevents
Hep A, liver disease
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as it is a contagious disease.
b) DPT B 1
The booster of the DPT Vaccine.
What It Prevents
Diptheria, Pertussis (Whooping Cough) and Tetanus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as the diseases are highly contagious.
10. 2 Years Old
Your little one will need the following:
a) TCV Booster
Second dose of vaccine
What It Prevent
Typhoid
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as the disease can be life-threatening
11. 4 Years Old
The following vaccine will be needed:
a) MMR 3
The third dose of this vaccine
What It Prevents
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as the illnesses are serious.
12. 5 Years Old
Your child will need the following:
a) DPT B 2
Second booster of the DPT Vaccine.
What It Prevents
Diptheria, Pertussis, also known as a Whooping Cough and Tetanus.
Is It Mandatory/Optional And Why?
Mandatory as diseases are contagious.
Young mothers should always consult with their doctors to find out all the information that they need and will also be able to ask any questions that may trouble them about it. The pain and suffering a child goes through during the vaccination process will make any mother’s heartache, but remember that your child’s immunity is of vital importance, especially when there are so many viruses and infections flying around.
Also Read:
Child Immunization & Vaccination Schedule
Childhood Vaccinations for Various Diseases Read more
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How Soon After Giving Birth Can You Get Pregnant
Pregnancy after giving birth is a much-misunderstood phenomenon. Some misplaced theories and false notions exist with regards to this question. This article does away with myths and suppositions, and provides information based on current scientific understanding on the subject.
Will You Get Pregnant Before Your First Period After Delivery?
The simple answer is yes- the possibility of getting pregnant after giving birth exists even before the first postpartum periods; which is to say that you can get pregnant within the first four weeks of delivery. Getting pregnant before the first postpartum periods also depends from person to person. For instance, some women experience a sterile period after birth- that is to say, that they do not ovulate- while some others may ovulate before their periods meaning that they can get pregnant within days of delivery. It is difficult to say whether a woman may get her periods first or may ovulate before her first periods. Women intent on having planned pregnancies should not shy away from the use of contraceptives.
Chances of Getting Pregnant Soon After Giving Birth
For most breastfeeding mothers, it can take an average of between four to six months for the onset of normal menstruation cycle, i.e. the first period's post-delivery, for women who are not breastfeeding, the onset of normal menstruation cycle can take place as early as six to twelve weeks post-delivery. It is to be noted, however, that every woman’s body is different and even given the above considerations some women can ovulate sooner or later, it is virtually impossible to determine the timeframe of the next pregnancy post-delivery.
Can You Get Pregnant While Breastfeeding?
Under normal circumstances, breastfeeding would trigger the release of oxytocin, a hormone that inhibits ovulation. It has also been generally observed that women who breastfeed ovulate later than those who do not. This, however, is not a compulsion and using this as a premise for birth control would not be a good idea. Breastfeeding mothers have been known to have periods six weeks postpartum, while in some other instances the periods can be delayed for as long as eighteen months.
When is It Ideal to Get Pregnant After Just Giving Birth?
When can a woman get pregnant after giving birth? This is a question that can be puzzling to many people, including parents seeking more than one child and their families. Medical practitioners, obstetricians and gynaecologists are of the opinion that there should be a gap of at least one year between pregnancies, and some would also recommend eighteen months gap between pregnancies. Conceiving within eighteen months of giving birth can increase the probability of certain complications in the following pregnancy. These may include having a premature delivery for the new baby or the new baby being born with low birth weight, which would, in turn, put the baby at risk of congenital disabilities including asthma, hearing defects or restricted growth.
Another factor to consider is that a woman’s body would need some time to recover from the stress of the previous birth. This stress includes any remaining inflammation in the uterus. A woman’s body would also require some time to replace nutrients and vitamins expended during the previous pregnancy.
Women who wish to have more than one child should consider keeping their bodies healthy to avoid complications for themselves as well as their babies. The use of contraceptives is the best way to avoid unplanned pregnancies after giving birth and is recommended whether or not a mother is breastfeeding her baby.
How to Prepare for Another Pregnancy?
Parenting can be a daunting task. Therefore, it is necessary for parents to fully grasp the responsibility of taking care of one child before they plan to have more children. The time interval is also crucial to ensure that the nurturing needs of the first child are fully met before the arrival of the next. Having multiple babies to care for can impose immense physiological and psychological stresses on parents. Furthermore, it is critical to ensure that the mother has recovered fully from the previous childbirth before planning another pregnancy.
Risk of Having Another Baby Too Soon
Experts recommend an interval of twelve to eighteen months between pregnancies. Numerous studies have indicated that women who get pregnant within six months of childbirth are exposed to increased risk of complications. These complications include premature birth, miscarriage and underweight babies. It is crucial to maintaining the recommended interval between pregnancies to ensure the health and well-being of mother and child.
While back-to-back pregnancies are a possibility, and women have been known to have accomplished the same, prudence would warrant - for the safety of mothers and their babies- that certain considerations are kept in mind with regards to the interval between pregnancies.
Also Read: A Complete Guide to Planning for a Second Baby Read more
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How to Inculcate Values of a Joint Family While Living in a Nuclear One
Indian culture has always encouraged the concept of a joint family. However, in recent times with cities developing fast, the nuclear family is becoming a social norm. Kids in a nuclear family miss the fondness they receive from uncles, aunts and cousins living under one roof.
Children who are surrounded by family lead a sheltered and happy life. There are several reasons why people prefer living in a joint family, and one of the primary reasons is that it ensures strong family bonds. Children learn important values such as sharing, mingling, bonding and understanding while living in a joint family. However, several families now are forced to live in a nuclear setup due to financial and practical reasons.
Ways to Ensure that Your Child Gets the Benefits of a Joint Family
1. Make Plans with Extended Family – Picnics, Movies, and Holidays
Expose your children to your extended family when you plan picnics, movies and holidays with your relatives – aunts, uncles, and grandparents. That way children are exposed to their likes and dislikes and learn to accommodate their nuances.
2. Meet your Extended Family Often
Keeping your doors open for family to stay over, visiting them often if they are in the city or visiting extended family during school and college holidays are some of the ways to inculcate the importance of being together in children. Staying for a few days with them can give your children an idea about how to behave in a joint family setup.
3. Use Technology to Stay in Touch
We are in a world where technology dictates everything. Our families can stay connected using the latest technologies (phones and tablets) using networking applications like ‘Watsapp’ and ‘Facebook’ to share stories and experiences. Extended families can use these applications very effectively.
4. Discuss Values
In your nuclear family discuss values that you would like your child to inculcate. Here are some values that you might want to give your child:
Less is More: Do not give in to all the demands of your child for material possessions. It is not important to have everything that you set your eyes on.
Respect: Teaching your child to respect elders no matter who they are, is important. Learning to respect other people’s opinion is another important lesson to teach your children.
Sharing: Sharing your material possessions, food, clothes is something you can teach whether you are in a joint family structure or not. Sharing is a value that children in all kinds of families need to learn.
Mingling: Interacting with other children and elders and not sticking out is something you can teach your child by putting them in social situations.
In today’s times, it might not be practically possible in cities and the current urban situation to live in joint families. The reason being, the living spaces are getting smaller, and families are dispersing to cities and other countries to seek employment and a better life. However, even with these limitations, it is still possible to inculcate values of a joint family in your kid. In the end, it is how the parents choose to bring up their child and not just how he grows up in the environment that surrounds him. Read more
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Spaghetti topped with Garlic Olive Oil and Pepper Flakes
This traditional Italian Pasta dish packs a kick from the minced garlic and chili pepper flakes and the goodness of olive oil. Try this simple, quick-to-make Italian dish as a weeknight menu!
Serves
Preparation Time
Cooking Time
2 People
25 minutes
10 minutes
Ingredients
1 pound dried Colavita Spaghetti
1/2 cup Colavita extra-virgin olive oil
3 garlic cloves, peeled
1 tbsp (tablespoon) red pepper flakes, plus more if desired
1/4 cup chopped Italian flat-leaf parsley
1 tbsp chopped fresh basil leaves
1 tbsp chopped fresh mint leaves
Method
Step 1
In a large pot, bring to a boil 2 litres of salted water. Add pasta and cook until al dente, about 6 to 8 minutes.
Step 2
Drain pasta in a colander, just reserve 2 tablespoons of pasta water to create the sauce.
Step 3
Do not rinse pasta with water so as to retain the pasta's natural starches so that the sauce will stick.
Step 4
In a large sauce pan, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add the garlic and saute until light brown and fragrant.
Step 5
Take care to not burn the garlic or else it will become bitter. Separate and discard the browned garlic; if any.
Step 6
Add red pepper flakes and saute for a minute. Slowly add the reserved pasta water and stir to combine.
Step 7
Place the spaghetti into the pan and mix well for 1 minute. Remove from heat and top with fresh herbs.
Step 8
Enjoy your delicious Colavita Spaghetti cuisine with your family or friends.
Nutritional Information
Serving Size 1 cup = 140 gm
Calories
280
Calories from Fat
135
Total Fat
15 g 22.5%
Saturated Fat
1.3 g 6%
Trans Fat
0.0 g
Cholesterol
7 mg 2%
Sodium
1 mg 0%
Potassium
61.9 mg 1.8%
Total Carbohydrates
43.2 g 14%
Dietary Fiber
2.5 g 10%
Sugars
0.8 g
Protein
8.1 g
Vitamin A
0%
Vitamin C
0%
Calcium
1%
Iron
10%
* Based on a 2000 calorie diet
Nutritional details are an estimate and should only be used as a guide for approximation..
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Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
5 hours ago
Q. hi have one question
LT 10x18mm and RT 18x20mm and ET 6.5
what it mean??? and should I start intercourse
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
4 hours ago
A. since you are right follicle is 18 mm yes of course you can start with your intercourse for conception as in 1 to 2 days
their maybe rupture of the follicle by which your sperm should be present there for conception
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
4 hours ago
Q. #asktheexpert
why baby vomit
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
4 hours ago
A. for babies less than 6 months may not be a problem. small babies will be having lot of gas because of various reasons it is advisable to do burping of the baby immediately after feeding please give colimex DF drops to the baby they are safe
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 1 month
4 hours ago
Q. i am 35 weeks 3 days pregnant... my ultrasound report shows that "fl and hl are shorter compared to bpd"... is this anything to worry
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
3 hours ago
A. I cannot assist you on that because other things are also associated with the particular particular report so I think it’s better that once a gynaecologist is available she’s going to take up your query and she will be able to give you a better clarity as per the situation
Abhaya Rajput has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
3 hours ago
Q. I am 9 week pregnant and I have runny nose very badly can I use cetirizine tablet?
Abhaya Rajput
Mom of a 14 yr 4 m old boy
3 hours ago
A. Hello there ma’am please do not worry about it too much. Please do not take any medicine without consulting with your gynaecologist. It is advisable to get yourself evaluated by a doctor and follow doctors advise properly. You can also book online doctor’s appointment on FirstCry where the doctor can help you and guide you properly.
Thanks and take care
Rashmi has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
3 hours ago
Q. hi,
my LT 10x18mm and RT 18x20mm and ET 6.5 , what if I intercourse after 2 days, can I do intercourse in ovulation day can become a pregent .
on ovulation day if we intercourse can become a pregent..pls advice..
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
3 hours ago
A. Actually on the ovulation time only you can conceive so yes if things are right with you you can go ahead with the conception but with what the details you have mentioned it would be better to have a discussion with your gynaecologist prior to you proceed to your ovulation and conception
Sai Prasanthi R L has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
3 hours ago
Q. Hlw dr its my 6th month pregnency can i intimate with my partner
Sai Prasanthi R L
Mom of a 10 yr 2 m old boy
2 hours ago
A. Hello dear! If your pregnancy is going on fine without any high risk factors then it’s okay. Still, would advise you to check with your doctor once before going further. Maintain a good personal hygiene routine and a healthy lifestyle
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