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HIV & AIDS in Children – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Being infected with a disease that has no successful treatment can be difficult to deal with, especially in case of little children. Despite enormous efforts to prevent the transfer of the HIV from mother to child, more than 1.5 lakh children were affected by it in 2016 alone.
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) & Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?
The infection caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus turned into a pan-global epidemic during the 1980’s. Originally thought to have crossed over from monkeys to humans, the disease spread from the United States to the rest of the world.
There is a lot of confusion between HIV and AIDS, both of which have been used interchangeably. They are both connected but are not the same. The HIV, upon entering the body, attacks the CD4 cells, which is a type of immune cell. These immunity cells are then used by the HIV to replicate itself. As a result, the HIV cells begin to increase while the immunity cells begin to decrease. This process can take years to complete during which time the child will show no outward symptoms of infection. Finally, after enough CD4 cells are destroyed, the body is no longer able to defend itself. This makes the body vulnerable to even harmless diseases. Even a common cold will now be deadly as there aren’t enough immunity cells to fight of the cold. Once this level has been reached, it is known as AIDS.
Causes of HIV
There are several ways in which HIV can be transferred to children. Some of these include the following:
Mother to Child:
Most of the HIV cases in children are due to the fact that their mothers were HIV positive when pregnant. This may happen across the placenta, through breastmilk, or while giving birth.
Blood Transfusion:
If a child has been in an accident/ requires surgery, there is a chance that the blood obtained by the hospital may be from an individual who carries the HIV. While most hospitals are vigilant, there have been numerous instances where it has been discovered that blood drives campaigns end up taking the blood of infected people.
Drugs:
Children who have access to injectable drugs are at a high risk of getting HIV. This is because they often share needles which allow the virus to directly enter the bloodstream.
Symptoms of HIV
The symptoms vary depending on the age group and so have been broadly classified into infants and children.
In Infants :
Each infant may exhibit different symptoms or all the below:
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Abnormally sized belly due to the swelling of internal organs
White patches on the cheek and tongue indicative of a fungal infection
Random bouts of diarrhoea
Respiratory diseases like pneumonia
In Children :
The aids symptoms in children are similar to an infant but with some other symptoms as well such as:
Development of diseases in internal organs such as the liver and kidney
Intermittent infections in the ear and nose
Lung diseases such as Pneumonitis
Persistent fever that lasts for more than four weeks
How is the Diagnosis Done?
The diagnosis is multi-faceted. As HIV can be passed on from mother to child, HIV testing is recommended for all pregnant women. While in some countries this is mandatory, in others there is an opt-out approach, meaning that it optional. Women who test positive for HIV are then kept under observation and the newborn is subjected to testing.
Newborns:
The standard tests that are done on adults do not work on infants. This is because of passive HIV-antibodies that may have been passed on by the mother’s bloodstream. They are subjected to a test called HIV DNA PCR which can detect the infection a day after it was acquired. This test is suitable for kids who are less than 18 months of age.
Older Children:
Children who are older can be given the same test that is done for adults. This is called the ELISA test which checks for the HIV antibody. A follow-up Western Blot test is done to confirm the same and avoid a false positive. The rapid HIV tests that are carried out for mass HIV detection programs are also reliable, but this also needs to be followed up with the Western Blot test.
HIV Treatment
HIV treatment focuses on retarding the spread of the virus.
Antiretroviral Therapy :
Antiretroviral Therapy, or ART, is the foundation of HIV treatment. They are drugs that are used to prevent the spreading of the HIV and keeping a healthy amount of CD4 in the body. While it cannot eliminate the virus, it helps to significantly slow down the progression of the disease. ART is often a combination of more than two drugs to ensure that there is no chance of drug resistance. This is known as Combination ART.
Growing Up With HIV
Growing up with this form of infection is not an easy task and has many implications:
Infants: It is said that children below the four years of age are the most vulnerable to death due to AIDS-related complications.
Risk of Opportunistic Diseases: As the risk of infection from other diseases is high, they have to live in a protected environment. Tuberculosis, for example, is highly contagious in India and TB speeds up the growth of HIV.
Schooling: A study conducted shows that most HIV-positive children survive long enough to go to school. While a small percentage was too sick to go to school, most of them had no difficulty in attending regular classes.
Emotional Stress: There are many instances where parents wish not to tell their children about their condition. However, after a certain age, it becomes obvious to them that they have a medical problem. While the younger children become anxious or depressed, many adolescent children react with anger or resignation.
Disclosure Issues
Who you want to tell about your child’s condition is based on your prerogative. Due to the social stigma attached, there may be some hesitation on who you wish to tell, which is understandable. Limiting it to close family members, doctors, and dentists are sufficient. A study showed that of the 53% HIV-positive children who attend school, the school officials were kept in the dark of their condition.
Exposing others to your child does not put others at risk. Eating, hugging, talking and sitting next to your child will not pass on the disease to other people. However, there are some guidelines that can be followed to keep your child and others safe:
They can be told to avoid using the same toothbrush.
When they hit puberty, make sure that their blades are only used by them.
Educate them on how to treat a wound if they are injured and to dispose of the bandage properly.
Educating them about the risks and safety measures while performing intercourse (for older children).
Management
HIV is an infection that once acquired, cannot be removed from the body. However, due to the advances in modern medicine, this isn’t a death sentence. Many children affected by HIV can have a normal childhood and live a long life.
Sensitise Your Child: Your child may not be aware of the concept of HIV or may have some preconceived notions. It is important to have a discussion about what the disease is and how they can live a healthy life.
Local Doctor: For administering the ART drugs, the presence of a doctor who lives close-by and is experienced with HIV kids is preferable. This is because the proximity allows for easy physical access to the doctor.
Medicine Intake: The physical intake of the medicine might be difficult for some kids as they may not like the taste. Older kids may not be too thrilled about the side effects and can even go to the extent of hiding the medicines. It can also get embarrassing for them if they must take the medication in front of others. In these instances, it becomes important to have a dialogue with your child and be supportive.
Routine: While travelling or going for vacations, they may forget to take their medicine. It is important to have a routine in place that your child adheres to.
Prevention
As most cases happen due to infected mother transferring the virus during birth, the prevention methods will be focused exclusively on this.
Avoid breastfeeding as the virus can be contracted through it.
HIV positive pregnant women should be started on ART immediately as it reduces the chance of transmission to less than 2 percent.
Some deliveries are done using a caesarean section to prevent the transmission of the virus.
While it is unfortunate that kids must go through something so traumatising, it is heartening to remember that the incidence of HIV in children has reduced significantly. This can be seen by the fact that in just five years (2010-2015), more than 10 lakh cases of HIV have been averted.
Also Read: How to Deal with Nephrotic Syndrome in Children Read more
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10 Fun and Easy Children's Day Craft Ideas for Kids
Planning a little party for your child and his friends this Children’s Day? Or looking for ideas to keep him engaged and celebrate this special day by spending time with him? You’ve come to the right place! Craft activities are not just fun to do, they also promote your child’s creativity and imagination, and give you some fun one-on-one time with him as well. So this Children’s Day, get your little one’s creative juices flowing with these fun and exciting Children's Day crafts activities.
10 Simple Art and Craft Ideas for Children’s Day
Here are a few ideas that that can be easy enough for your tot to do on his own or under your supervision (especially where scissors are involved!). Whatever the case, oodles of fun are guaranteed!
1. Paper Pinwheel
You must have made and played with these as kids - now it’s time to teach your little one how to make a wonderful little pinwheel that moves with the wind!
What You Will Need
A sheet of paper (decorated or plain)
Unsharpened pencil with eraser
Crayons
Scissors
Ruler
Sharpened pencil
Ball pin
How to Make
Start off by cutting a square from the sheet of paper, with each side measuring 15 cm, and decorate the square with crayons.
Mark the centre of the page, measuring or eyeballing it. Using the ruler and pencil, draw two diagonal lines which extend from one corner to the other. The lines should cross at the centre of the page.
Once the lines have been drawn, mark a point on each line (about 7 cm away from each corner). Cut on the line from each corner up to the marked points.
Erase pencil marks (except for the centre point).
Now using the pin, punch a hole in the centre as well as at the tips of the corners.
Use the pin to poke through the point at one corner and curl it towards the centre without folding it (to look like a flower petal). Hold it in place and curl the remaining three towards the centre.
Push the pin through the centre hole. Hold a pencil with an eraser on a flat surface and align the centre of the pinwheel against the eraser, and push the pin into the eraser.
The pinwheel is now ready! Blow at it or hold it against a light breeze to see it move!
2. Paper Plate Mask
These fun and colourful masks are not just easy to make, but your child can always use them to indulge in pretend play later!
What You Will Need
Paper plates
Pencil
Sketch pens
Paint and paintbrushes
Decorative materials like glitter, stickers, etc.
Scissors
Ribbon or paper straw
Glue
How to Make
Use a pencil to draw the shape of the mask on the paper plate. The shape and size should be large enough to accommodate your child’s facial features. You can find various designs on the Internet and even print out a design for reference.
Cut out the mask and the eye-holes. To get symmetrical holes, fold the plate in half lightly, and cut along the outlines.
Paint or decorate the mask using sketch pens, paints, glitter and so on. Place it on a newspaper or another paper plate to avoid a mess.
Once done, punch holes on either side of the mask so that a ribbon can be strung through it. Alternately, you can also stick a paper straw (decorated with paint) on a side, for your child to hold up the mask.
Your child can now pretend to be different characters using his mask!
3. Pistachio Shell Photo Frame
Remember this fun activity from your childhood? Time to create new memories with your little one and preserve it in a handmade pistachio shell photo frame.
What You Will Need
A sheet of cardboard
Pistachio shells
Paint and paintbrushes
Sketch pens
Glue
Scissors
Decorative materials like glitter, stickers, etc.
Sheet of plastic
How to Make
Start off by shaping the sheet of cardboard into an attractive shape - you can leave it as a plain square or rectangle or try different shapes like that of a heart, flower, or your child’s favourite cartoon character.
Decorate the sheet using sketch pens, paint, and other decorative materials. Do the same for the pistachio shells. You can paint it with different colours and patterns, and get really creative with it.
Glue the pista shells on to the sheet of cardboard in the pattern you prefer, but ensure that there is ample space in between for pasting a photograph.
Once dry, paste a photograph on the sheet, such that the shells are framing the image.
Cover the photograph with a piece of clear plastic to protect it from any scratches or damage. The piece of plastic needs to be bigger than the photograph so as to cover it from all sides.
Hang up this beautiful creation in your child’s favourite spot at home!
4. The Hungry Caterpillar
This cute little caterpillar takes only a few strips of paper to create - have a look!
[caption id="attachment_261227" align="aligncenter" width="564"] Source: Pinterest[/caption]
What You Will Need
Red, green and black construction paper
Googly eyes
Glue
Scissors
Stapler
How to Make
Cut strips of equal length from the construction paper. One strip of red and 4-5 strips of the green paper should do. The red strip will be for the caterpillar’s head while the green will be for its body.
Cut out features like antennae and a little mouth from the black construction paper.
Make a paper chain using the strips cut - start off by creating a circle with the red paper and staple the end together. Next, thread a strip of green paper through the red circle and staple the ends. Keep doing this till you’ve formed a chain.
Glue on the googly eyes, antennae, and mouth cutouts on the red circle to give the caterpillar a face.
The cute hungry caterpillar is ready! Put out some paper leaves in front of it so it has something to eat!
5. Origami Bookmark
Is your preschooler turning out to be a voracious reader? Help him create these adorable origami bookmarks to help encourage his reading habits!
What You Will Need
A square sheet of coloured paper (15 cm)
Construction paper in different colours (to make decorative features)
Scissors
Glue
Decorative items like glitter, stickers, googly eyes, etc.
How to Make
Fold the sheet of paper in half from one corner to the other, to form a triangle.
Fold the bottom-left corner up to the top corner and glue it in place. Do the same with the right corner.
Turn the paper over. Fold the bottom corner (only the top layer) up to the top corner. Once the fold is made, unfold it again and fold it back into the pocket just created.
Use construction paper to create different features like eyes, nose, mouth, teeth, etc., and glue them onto the bookmark.
As far as Children’s Day crafts for preschoolers go, this bookmark is a very cute and useful thing your child can make, to help him along in his reading as well.
6. Paper Ice Cream Cone
Let your little one enjoy making a yummy-looking ice cream cone that won’t melt when left out!
[caption id="attachment_261228" align="alignnone" width="656"] Source: Pinterest[/caption]
What You Will Need
Construction paper (brown and one colour of choice)
Tape
Buttons
Rough paper
Sketch pens
Decorative materials like glitter, stickers, etc.
How to Make
Decorate the sheets of construction paper with different colours sketch pens, glitter and so on. Cut out even strips of the coloured paper (except the brown one).
Fold the brown paper to form a cone and tape it along the edges to secure it in place.
Crumble up a sheet of rough paper into a ball and tape it on top of the cone.
Cover the ball with strips of decorated construction paper to form a colourful ice cream scoop.
Glue a few buttons on to the scoop to resemble sprinkles, and the ice-cream cone is done!
7. Flying Rocket
Here’s a little rocket to excite your little scientist!
[caption id="attachment_261230" align="aligncenter" width="649"] Source: Pinterest[/caption]
What You Will Need
Paper towel tubes
Paint and paintbrushes
Construction paper
Aluminum foil
Tape and glue
Scissors
Clothes pegs
Mesh bags
How to Make
Paint and decorate a paper towel tube, and paint the clothes pegs as well. Let them dry.
Cut a semicircle out of a construction paper and fold it into a cone; secure it in place with tape.
Cover the cone with foil. Once done, tape it to the top of the cube.
Clip the clothes pegs at the bottom of the tube.
Cut up the mesh bags into little strips, and tape the strips at the bottom of the tube.
Your rocket is now ready to fly!
8. Bird’s Nest
This craft activity will surely make your little animal lover happy!
[caption id="attachment_261231" align="aligncenter" width="564"] Source: Pinterest[/caption]
What You Will Need
Brown construction paper
Paint and paintbrushes
Paper plate
Scissors
Tape and glue
Popsicle sticks
Pom poms or cotton balls
Googly eyes
Scraps of different coloured construction paper
How to Make
Cut a paper plate in half and tape the edges together such that it forms a hollow container or nest.
Paint the paper plate brown. Shred the brown construction paper into little strips and stick them onto the ‘nest’ to give it some texture.
Stick googly eyes and little beaks (made out of the scraps of construction paper) onto the pom-poms or cotton balls to make little birds.
Stick the ‘birds’ on popsicle sticks.
Once done, place the sticks in the ‘nest’, such that only the ‘birds’ are popping out from the nest, while the sticks can slide through the gap between the two halves of the plate.
Use the popsicle stick to slide the birds up and down whenever they’re hungry for a little nibble!
9. Paper Plate Bag
This one’s not just going to be fun to make but will also be handy for your child to carry around his little supplies, like his toys and crayons!
[caption id="attachment_261232" align="aligncenter" width="236"] Source: Pinterest[/caption]
What You Will Need
Paper plate
Ribbon
Paint and paintbrushes
Construction paper or foam paper
Decorative items like glitter, stickers, buttons, etc.
Scissors
Tape and glue
Stapler
How to Make
Cut a paper plate in half and tape the edges together such that it forms a hollow container or nest.
Paint the paper plates with any colour and decorate it with different things like stickers and glitter.
On the side facing out, add a little piece of construction or foam paper to resemble the latch. You can even stick a little button on it to make it look more like a bag.
Staple a ribbon to both sides of the purse to form a handle.
Place lightweight things like toys or art supplies in the bag, and it’s ready to go!
10. Sponge Sailboat
It’s off to the seas for your little one with these little sailboats!
[caption id="attachment_261233" align="aligncenter" width="564"] Source: Pinterest[/caption]
What You Will Need
Construction paper
Craft sticks or long toothpicks
Paint and paintbrushes
Sponges
Scissors
How to Make
Cut out small rectangular pieces from the construction paper and paint them.
Stick the long toothpicks or craft sticks into the sponges. You can even cut the sponge into different shapes, if needed.
Insert the toothpicks through the pieces of paper, such that it goes through the bottom end and comes out through the top end, forming a mast.
You can place these little boats in water and see how they float!
We hope you’ll enjoy making these fun crafts for Children’s Day with your little one and will have a blast. No doubt, these are also going to form precious memories for you and your child to cherish in the years to come!
Also Read:
Fun Children's Day Activities, Games And Celebration Ideas
Unique Children's Day Gift Ideas To Buy
Jawaharlal Nehru Facts for Kids Read more
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Consuming Antibiotics While Breastfeeding
The period of pregnancy is that phase in the life of a woman where she needs extra care and protection so that the baby delivered is safe and healthy. There are various do’s and don’ts that the mother needs to follow while pregnant and these increase after the baby are born.
Post-delivery, the only source of nutrition for the baby is the mother’s milk for the first few weeks. Everything that the mother eats reaches the baby via breast milk. This makes it very important for the mother to have a good diet, which is balanced and has a mix of essential nutrition. Anything that might have an adverse effect on the baby should be avoided or consumed only after consultation with a doctor. One such item is antibiotic medicines.
Is it Safe to Take Antibiotics While Breastfeeding?
The impact of antibiotics on lactation is determined by the type of medicine and the strength of the dosage that has been prescribed. The baby’s general health condition also plays an important role in determining how the body will react to the chemicals in the antibiotic.
Most of the antibiotics are considered to be safe for consumption by the mother even while breastfeeding and do not have any adverse impact on the baby’s health.
Do All Antibiotics Pass into Breastmilk?
The breast receives nutrition from the blood, and hence everything thing that is consumed by the mother has the potential to pass on to the child via breast milk, even the medicines.
The quantity of antibiotics that pass into the milk varies depending on the dosage and frequency of the medicine.
Factors That Determine the Effects of Antibiotics on Infants
Different antibiotics may have a different effect on your baby depending on various variable factors. Following are the factors that determine how an antibiotic will affect your baby:
Composition of the Breast Milk: Chemical compounds that form antibiotics have a greater tendency to mix with milk which has higher protein content. This situation is more predominant in case of premature babies as the mother’s body produces milk with more protein that it would do in case of normal babies. Extra care is required before consuming any antibiotics in this case.
Baby's Age and General Health: Babies less than two months are most prone to adverse effects of antibiotics since their liver and kidneys are still developing and not matured enough to flush out antibiotics. The adversity reduces once they cross six months.
Combination of Antibiotics Consumed: It is possible that if a safe antibiotic is consumed with other medicines, the drugs may cause a reaction and form compounds which may harm the baby. It is, therefore, a must to discuss with your doctor before taking in any medicine.
Composition of the Drug: Composition of the antibiotic is an important determinant of its effect on the baby. Some compounds have a higher rate of binding with proteins present in the milk which will transfer higher quantities to the baby.
Safe Antibiotics while Breastfeeding
Although the consumption of antibiotics must be strictly monitored by the doctor and no medicine should be taken without due consultation, the following is a list and usage of drugs and antibiotics considered safe to be taken during lactation:
Drug name
Use
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Painkiller
Cephalosporins (Keflex, Ceclor, Ceftin, Omnicef, Suprax)
Antibiotics for lung, ear, skin, urinary tract, throat, and bone infections
Warfarin
Used to prevent blood clots
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex)
Used to treat yeast and fungal infections
Erythromycin (E-Mycin, Erythrocin)
Used for skin and respiratory infections
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Used to treat heart problems
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
Used to treat yeast infections
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Antihistamine for allergies and hay fever
Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
Used for pain relief
Heparin
Used to keep blood from clotting
Inhalers, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids(Albuterol, Vanceril)
Used for asthma
Laxatives, bulk-forming and stool softening(Metamucil, Colace)
Used to treat constipation
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
A local anaesthetic
Loratadine (Claritin)
Antihistamine for allergies and hay fever
Theophylline
Treats asthma and bronchitis
Thyroid replacement (Synthroid)
Used for thyroid problems
Unsafe Antibiotics during Lactation
Following is a list of drugs and antibiotics for breastfeeding mothers which are considered unsafe and should be avoided:
Name of Drug (Brand Name)
Use
Acebutolol (Sectral)
Used in the treatment of high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms.
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Used in the treatment of high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms.
Antihistamine/decongestant combinations(Contac, Dimetapp)
Used to treat colds and allergies; may cause a reduction in milk supply
Chlorthalidone
Diuretic used to treat high blood pressure; may reduce milk supply
Citalopram (Celexa)
Antidepressant; can result in infant drowsiness
Contraceptives (estrogen-containing) - (Ortho-Novum, Lo-Ovral, Loestrin)
Used for birth control; may reduce milk supply
Doxepin (Sinequan)
Used to treat depression
Ergotamine (Cafergot)
Used to treat migraines
Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Used to treat depression
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Used to treat epilepsy
Fluorescein IV
Used to diagnose retinal problems
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Treatment of depression
Are there Any Harmful Effects of Antibiotics?
While it is considered safe to take antibiotics when prescribed by the doctor, it is important to avoid too much use of it and only the dosage prescribed should be taken.
Consumption of non-prescribed antibiotics by the mother can lead to the following problems in the baby:
May cause diarrhoea: A baby’s gut had underdeveloped strains of ‘good bacteria’ that help in digestion of food. Antibiotics not only target the disease-causing bacteria but also take down the good bacteria. In such cases, giving probiotics to the baby can be helpful in countering the antibiotics and restoring the balance of your baby’s gut flora.
May cause sepsis: Sepsis is caused when a pathogen causes the immune system to overreact and damaging healthy tissues of the body. Intake of antibiotics can cause the weak immune system of the baby to react aggressively, resulting in sepsis.
Change in temperament: Taking antibiotics may cause the baby to feel a little unsettled and uncomfortable. Colic-like symptoms might appear.
In addition, use of antibiotics may also case the development of thrush in the mother. It is a condition where the gut flora of the mother is affected as a result of consuming these medicines.
Things to Discuss with Doctor
During the consultation, it is important for you to let your doctor know all about your pregnancy, the nature of problems that you have come for and any medication that you are already taking or have been asked to specifically avoid. Also, inform about any medical condition or allergies that you are suffering from.
In addition, following are the things you would like to inform and discuss with your doctor about antibiotics and breastfeeding:
Inform the doctor about the fact that you are lactating. This will help them avoid medicines that are not suitable for the baby.
It is important to share your baby’s age and general health condition with the doctor. Also, inform if the baby is under any kind of medication.
Discuss with your doctor the possibility of avoiding antibiotics.
How to Avoid the Risks of Antibiotics in Babies?
The best way to avoid side effects of antibiotics is by not having them. However, if you have to take it, follow these steps to avoid risks of adverse effect on your baby.
If possible, choose antibiotic ointments and creams instead of consuming them orally. This will help to prevent the transfer of breastmilk.
Request the doctor to prescribe antibiotics that are safe for the baby.
Antibiotics with poor oral bioavailability in infants pass out of their digestive system without causing any harm. Prefer consumption of such antibiotics.
Ensure that you take a dose right after breastfeeding so that the time gap between consumption and next breastfeeding session is maximum.
While most antibiotics are considered to be safe for lactating mothers, it is best to consume them only after consultation and prescription from the doctor.
The first few weeks after birth are very fragile for your baby. In this period, the essential organs are still developing, and the immune system is not very strong to protect them. It is thereby very important to be extremely cautious before consuming anything, especially antibiotics.
If the usage of medicines cannot be avoided, take only those medicines which have been prescribed by your doctor. Eat healthy, nutritious food to lower any impact of antibiotics on the baby.
Also Read: Headache during Breastfeeding
Read more
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Cute and Adorable Christmas Outfits for Babies
Christmas becomes so much more exciting when you are welcoming a new little family member. Along with the other festivities you have planned, it will be fun showing off your bundle of joy to all your family and friends. This is all the more reason to make sure that you have the perfect Christmas-themed outfit for your precious little angel.
Christmas Outfits for Baby Boy
If you have a sweet little boy at home ready to get into the spirit of Christmas, here are some great Christmas clothes for babies to inspire you:
1. Classic Christmas Romper
With the cozy plaid pants, white bodysuit with a baby suspender design, and a cute tie that says "My 1st Christmas," your little boy will be fawned over by those who see him.
2. Simply Accessorized
Have your little boy in a plain white T, baby jeans, and some cute Christmas accessories, like a red striped tie and a Santa hat for a simple Christmas look.
3. Green and Red
Sticking with the beloved green and red Christmas colors will be perfect in looks, less hassle, and comfortable for your little one.
4. Baby Reindeer
Many reindeer-themed baby outfits are comfortable and easy to work with. Your baby will be the star of the show in this adorably festive outfit.
5. Festive Onesie
The best way to show the festive spirit for your infant is to get him dressed in a simple onesie with a Christmas print. It makes diaper changes very easy and keeps your baby comfortable.
6. Newborn Santa
Keep your baby in his comfort zone with a red onesie and a Santa hat to bring in the Christmas feeling.
7. Festive Sweater
Festive Christmas sweaters are the perfect item to have on hand if your little boy gets cold, especially if you have a cold Christmas. Sweaters make really good Christmas outfits for babies and toddlers.
8. Festive Infant Accessories
Infants cannot carry off a lot with costumes for more than a few minutes. For those longer occasions, a lovely crochet Santa hat and some Santa booties will be snug and festive.
9. Funny Christmas Onesie
Funny Christmas outfits for babies are a comfortable and festive pick for the holidays. "I'm Snow Cute" is playful, innocent, and will bring forth a chuckle or two.
10. Little Elf
Dressing your baby boy up in a festive elf onesie will make for an adorable sight. It makes for a comfortable, efficient, and festive inner layer.
Christmas Outfits for Baby Girl
Your baby girl will look beautiful in anything, but here are some Christmas clothes for baby girl to inspire you:
1. Candy Cane Shirt
You have an eye-catching and comfortable Christmas outfit with a simple shirt with a candy cane on it and a pretty, festive headband.
2. Christmas Tutu Skirt
A Christmas onesie for your baby girl paired with a pretty red tutu skirt can make a simple and festive outfit.
3. Plaid Princess
Capture the classic plaid look with a festive plaid bib skirt and matching headband paired with a white inner.
4. First Christmas Onesie
Pair a first Christmas onesie with a festive red skirt to keep with the holiday colors. Festive onesies are the most comfortable 1st Christmas outfits for baby girls.
5. Crochet Christmas Dress
A pretty red and white themed Christmas dress with matching booties and a headset will bring wonderful winter and festive cheer to the occasion.
6. Twining Christmas Cheer
Matching Christmas outfits for baby twins are adorable! You may pick something with cute quotes or festive sayings so that your babies are easily identifiable.
7. Matching Christmas Plaid
These pretty plaid pieces are the perfect matching Christmas outfits for baby and toddler sisters. They are pretty and hold the classic Christmas charm.
8. Christmas Coat
It can get very cold outside, so using another layer of clothing to bring more festive vibes to your baby girl's outfit is ideal. A festive winter coat will complete her holiday outfit.
9. Christmas Baby Swaddle
If you are looking for simple Christmas outfits for infant girl, nothing says comfort and "Merry Christmas" like a Christmas-themed swaddle blanket.
10. Christmas Smock Dress
Smocked Christmas outfits for baby girls are comfortable and festive for your precious baby girl. Elegant florals with winter colors are a great pick, and you may find yourself reaching for them over and over again.
Things to Keep in Mind When Dressing Your Baby
While it is fun to dress up your little ones in festive outfits for the holiday season, remember they are still very young. Here are a few other tips for you to bear in mind while dressing your baby:
Onesies are the perfect outfit for infants until they are two months old. The snap-up pajamas make it very easy to change your baby's diaper.
Do not opt for winter-themed outfits if you live in warmer climates. Babies are in just as much danger of overheating as they are of getting too cold.
Choose the fabric of your baby's outfit with care. Some materials are irritating to a baby's sensitive skin. Light, breathable cotton is the best material to opt for. It may also help wash your child's costume is a fabric softener designed for babies before use.
Check all the edges of every item of clothing or accessories that are a part of your baby's outfit. Make sure that there is nothing that could accidentally hurt your baby.
Make sure to fasten all items of clothing very well to prevent any chances of choking or strangulation.
Make sure that your baby has adult supervision at all times while wearing any costume.
Remove unnecessary items if you need to put your baby to sleep on occasion.
Dressing up your little one for the festive season is a lot of fun, but always keep your baby's comfort in mind. Picking outfits mixed and matched well will leave you with more options with fewer items.
Also Read:
How to Buy Clothes for Your Infant
Baby Christmas Photoshoot Ideas
Tips on How to Baby Proof a Christmas Tree Read more
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Medication That Can Cause Poisoning in Children
Poisoning due to medicines and drugs is one of the leading causes of child mortality. Proper and efficient guidance should always be provided to the babies by the parents or the caregivers to prevent any medical emergencies that can be fatal to the life of the child.
Poisoning in children due to medicines or drugs can be due to various reasons, like:
overdose of medicines or prescribed drugs,
consumption of wrong drugs bought from the medical shop without checking the name
medicines given to the child, mistakenly, which have crossed the date of expiration
putting medicines into mouth out of curiosity to undertsand what it is.
Effects of poisoning vary depending upon the type of drug, the site of effect, how it is taken and the power of the medicine. One thing to be kept in mind always is that children should never be left alone with medicines. They are curious beings and like popping anything and everything into their mouth. Their curiosity may lead to child poisoning.
Medicines fantasize children because of their color, shapes and texture and they may find medicines attractive enough to pop into their mouth. It is important to encourage children to explore the world around them, but when it comes to medicines and drugs, they should be taught to stay away from them as far as possible. Parents may never know which drug goes into their kid’s stomach and can prove fatal to their life. Children are sensitive, their body systems are also fragile and sometimes are not be able to suffice the side effects of the careless use of medications and drugs.
Some of the drugs which can cause harm to the child when not taken in prescribed dosages are as follows:
Morphine and other strong painkillers
Paracetamol
Antihistamines
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants
Heart and blood pressure medication
Nicotine patches and other quit smoking treatments
Sleeping tablets
Diabetes medications
Essential oils, such as eucalyptus and tea tree oil
Iron tablets
Arthritis medication
Cold and flu medications.
Symptoms that your Child is Poisoned
Always be on a look out for these symptoms and get immediate medical attention if you notice:
Unusually large or small pupils
Very slow or fast pulse rate
Child complaining of nausea and stomach ache
Sleepiness
Confused state of mind and deliriousness
Shaking hands
Hallucinations in some cases[Baby?]
Hyperactive behaviour[Baby?]
Sweating
Seek Expert Help
In case your child shows any of the above mentioned symptoms, it is advisable to react immediately. Call for help and while it is on its way, try to find the remaining medicine so doctors are able to identify it and take necessary steps. Make sure you do not force your child to vomit, however, if he does, store it in a place so it will become easier for the doctor to pick the medicine residue from it. Most importantly, keep calm and wait for help; if not, take the child to the doctor.
Tips to Prevent Poisoning
Store medicines and drugs in a safe place which cannot be reached by children.
Medicines and drugs should be replaced immediately once their expiry date has gone. A regular check should be kept on the medicine bag.
Medicines should always be given in the prescribed dosages.
Adults should not take medicines in front of children as they like to imitate what adults do and may unknowingly pop up some medicine which can be life-threatening in certain cases.
Use child-resistant caps on medicine bottles and put them on higher shelves where children cannot reach.
Precaution is better than cure so make sure you keep dangerous medicines out of your little one’s reach. Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
9 hours ago
Q. hi doctor from two days i am eating milk cream with sugar and i want to burn it in my stomach I am 5 month pregnant plzz help ??
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
8 hours ago
A. at present weight no exercise is other than moderate walking. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
8 hours ago
Q. I am in my 8th month of pregnancy (last week), and for some reason I am continously facing lot of fatigue. I am feeling deprived of energy and I don't have any energy to do anything. resting isn't Helping in any way and taking small walks isn't too. what can be the possible reason and how to overcome this.
Read moreDr Ghouse
Paediatrician
8 hours ago
A. yes that can be both physical and psychological problems during pregnancy ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Sai Prasanthi R L has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
7 hours ago
Q. hi,
pls advice , after hcg tigger injection can we do intercourse to conceive and till when we can do ...trying to conceive
Sai Prasanthi R L
Mom of a 10 yr 2 m old boy
7 hours ago
A. Hello dear! We understand your eagerness and concern. It is advisable to check with your consulting doctor regarding this matter. Clarify your concerns and follow your doctor’s advice. Maintain a good personal hygiene routine and a healthy lifestyle
Charul Verma has added a new answer
Mom of a 1 yr 7 m old child
4 hours ago
Q. Hello my baby is 20 months old he swallowed a earpod bur he is normal he eat as well as drink please suggest???
Charul Verma
Nutritionist
3 hours ago
A. hi mom
mostly it will be out once he passes stool
but better to show to doctor
it can be checked in x ray if required
Rashmi has added a new answer
Mom of a 1 yr 7 m old child
4 hours ago
Q. Hello my baby is 20 months old by mistake he swallowed a earpod but he is normal is eat drink plz suggest??
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
4 hours ago
A. It’s fine it should come out into the poop of your child within 24 to 48 hours a lot of mishaps happened with kids these days but these things since they are not edible they do not get digested which is why they come out into the motion
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
2 hours ago
Q. my baby is 2 months old and she has developed a white patch on her face. What should I do?
Dr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
39 mins ago
A. White spots on the body and face could be there sometimes, which maybe because of fungal infection or some conditions like pityriasis alba or some other factors some conditions are aggravated by dry skiniu, show a proper mousturisation is required. Also, maintain a proper hygiene and a proper assessment should be done to rule out any other causative factor
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