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6 Types of Adoptions Available in India
Being parents is one of the biggest joys in the world, but not all couples are able to give birth to a child and become biological parents and nurture their own baby. But if you really want to be parents, you can always opt for adoption. There are many types of adoption that you may consider. Here in the following article, we shall be discussing the various types of adoptions in India and their pros and cons.
What are the Different Types of Adoption Options Available in India?
Adoption is a legal way of getting a baby from an adoption agency and raising the child as your own by taking all the responsibilities of that child. But, before adopting a child you must be familiar with the different kinds of adoptions available. There are various kinds of adoptions available in India depending upon its effect on the adoptive parents and the birth mother. Adoption may also depend on the location of both the concerned parties. Following are the different kinds of adoptions available in India:
1. Open Adoption
As the name suggests this kind of adoption is open, which means that the adoptive parents and the birth parents keep in touch with each other.
What It Is
You may wonder how open adoption works, well; it involves open contact between both the parties. The birth mother or parents may stay in touch through letters, e-mails, phone calls and may even visit each other and the birth mother can meet the child. This kind of adoption involves making a plan that may suit everyone’s expectations and needs. The access is usually granted when the adopted child reaches the age of 18 (in most countries). Also, the birth mother may meet the prospective parents and may decide to which couple her baby should go to.
Pros
Here are some pros of open adoption:
There is substantial medical information available to the adopted child, which is very important to assess some genetic disorders and other medical purposes.
The adoptee has access to his birth parents, in case he wishes to find the need to know why they took such a decision.
The adoptee has an extended family and more people who love and support him.
The adoptee has access to his ancestry and lineage.
Cons
Here are some cons or disadvantages of open adoption:
There may be a difference in expectations from adoptive or birth parents.
The boundary issues may occur, where both the parties may struggle with drawing the line.
The morals and values of both the families may not match, this may cause confusion.
2. Semi-Open Adoption
This is a kind of adoption that does not involve direct contact between the birth parents and the adoptive parents.
What It Is
Semi-open adoption or mediated adoption does not require the birth parents and adoptive parents to be in touch with each other. However, the mother may keep receiving letters or photographs from the adoptive parents or through the adoption agency she is registered with. This may continue until the child reaches the legal age. At any given point of time, semi-adoption may get converted into open or closed adoption.
Pros
Here are some pros of semi adoption:
Adoptive parents have access to the medical records and other information of the birth parents.
This kind of adoption helps you maintain your privacy.
Birthing parents have the information on how their child is taken care of.
Adoptees may contact the birthing parents in future.
Cons
Following are some cons of semi adoption:
Both the parties have to rely on the mediator agency.
A semi-open adoption may become closed adoption in case the adoption agency goes out of business or stops functioning.
The communication may stop if either of the party loses contact with the agency.
3. Closed Adoption
As the name suggests, this kind of adoption involves absolutely no contact between the adoptive parents and the birth parents.
What It Is
In a closed adoption process, both the set of parents do not have any kind of communication or information about each other. Sometimes, the medical information of the birthing parents may be shared with the adoptive parents. However, sometimes there may be strict enforcement of the regulation and no information, whatsoever, is shared with the adoptive parents. This may happen in cases when a child is rescued or removed from an abusive environment.
Pros
Some advantages of closed adoption are as follows:
The adoptee will not feel torn between two families.
There is a sense of closure for both the set of parents.
The adoptee will have a close-knit family.
There will not be any intrusion from the birth parents.
Cons
Some disadvantages of closed adoption are as follows:
The child on knowing that he is adopted may become obsessed with finding birth parents in case of a closed adoption.
There may be limited medical information available.
The adoptee may face an identity crisis.
4. Intra-family Adoption/Relative Adoption
This is a kind of adoption that happens within the family.
What It Is
If the biological parents of a child die, get married to someone else, or are not in a capacity to take care of their child, a member of the family or the step-parents may legally adopt that child.
Pros
Some of the many benefits of intra-family adoption are as follows:
The child stays within the biological family.
The adoptive parents are in full control of taking various important decisions concerning the child.
The adopted child in most cases gets to keep his original name.
Cons
Some of the cons of relative adoption may include:
The change in relation to the adoptive parents may confuse the child (in case the child is old enough).
The time to contact and visitation are usually decided by the adoptive parents.
5. Domestic Adoption
Domestic adoption refers to adoption that happens within the country.
What It Is
When the adoptive parents and birth parents belong to the same country, and the adoption happens within the country, it is called domestic adoption. The couple who wish to adopt a child may register with any registered government agency. An investigating officer will verify their particulars and also assess if the couple is eligible to adopt a child or not. Once the formalities are complete, the couple may adopt a child.
Pros
Here are some advantages of a child or infant domestic adoption:
This type of adoption is less expensive as compared to international adoption.
It also involves lesser paperwork in contrast to international adoption.
Couples who intend on adopting a newborn baby may adopt him easily.
The information of the birth parents may be accessible to the adoptive parents.
You may keep in contact with the birth parents, or the contact may vary as per the requirements of both the parties.
It does not require any international travel.
Cons
Here are some cons of domestic adoption:
There may not be enough information on the medical history of the birth parents.
The rules are very strict, and the eligibility criteria of adoptive parents are very strict.
Adoptive parents may have to choose from a limited number of children.
The mother may refuse the adoption, which may amount to termination of adoption.
6. International Adoption
International adoption involves adopting a child from outside the country or in other words giving a child to the couple (adoptive parents) who are not a native of that country.
What It Is
When the citizens of one nation wish to adopt a child from another nation, it is called international adoption. International adoption laws are different in all countries, and some countries do not even allow international adoption. In India, domestic adoption holds priority. The next in line are Non-resident Indians (NRIs) or person of Indian origin (PIOs) and then international citizens are given preference for international adoption in India.
Pros
Here are some benefits of international adoption:
International adoption may usually happen with orphaned children and thus birth parents may not be involved.
There are a wide variety of children to choose from in terms of sex, race, health, and age.
There is no interference of birth parents.
Once the home approval is received, it increases the chances of adoption tremendously.
Cons
Here are some of the disadvantages of international adoption:
This type of adoption is expensive as the adoptive parents are required to travel to foreign lands.
There are chances of frauds and scams in international adoption.
As the adoption procedure may take a while, it may not be feasible to adopt a newborn baby.
If the child is a bit older, he may take considerable time to adjust to a new setting, new country, and new ways of life.
It does not matter what type of adoption you may choose, what is more, important is that you get home a child with warmth and love, and make that child feel at home.
Also Read: Foster Parenting- How to Become a Good Parent? Read more
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Sleeping on Back During Pregnancy - Is It Harmful?
Proper rest and a peaceful sleep at night are very important during pregnancy. But it may not be easy to find a comfortable sleeping position during pregnancy, owing to the expanding tummy, especially during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. If sleeping on your back is your favourite position, you may have to give it up during pregnancy. Although, there is no scientific evidence available which suggests that sleeping on the back during pregnancy is harmful, it is advisable to avoid doing so, as it can be very uncomfortable particularly after the first trimester and it may also lead to certain health issues.
Is Sleeping on Your Back Safe While You Are Pregnant?
If you usually have been sleeping on your back, you may still be able to do so even until the end of the first trimester of your pregnancy. But as you advance in your pregnancy, you may have to switch to a more comfortable position. This is because, in the horizontal position, the expanding uterus can exert pressure on the vital veins carrying blood, thereby hindering the flow of blood, oxygen and essential nutrients to the growing foetus. The problem may further compound if the pregnant woman has diabetes or high blood pressure. But there is no reason to panic if you happen to find yourself sleeping on your back on waking up. Simply switch to a more safe and comfortable position like lying on your left side.
Things to Consider If You Are Sleeping on Your Back During Pregnancy
If you absolutely cannot do without sleeping on your back in pregnancy, then pillows can be a real lifesaver for you for making the back-sleep position comfortable.
You can take the help of pillows to suitably support yourself and make sleeping on your back more comfortable during pregnancy.
If you are troubled with indigestion at night, placing a pillow on the back of your head and upper part of the body may help.
To ease the pain in the back, you can try sliding a small pillow in the hollow of your back to support your back.
To tackle shortness of breath, you may like to consider sleeping in a slightly raised position, propped with pillows or alternatively consider using a recliner.
Try and avoid sleeping on your back for a long period of time particularly after the first trimester of the pregnancy. You may like to change positions at regular intervals.
Some pregnant women may feel comfortable tucking a slim pillow under their abdomen to provide some extra support.
If you must sleep on your back, you can fashion the pillows in a way that it enables you to rest against the back pillow and find a conciliation position between back sleeping and side sleeping.
Why Should You Avoid Sleeping on Your Back?
Sleeping on your back especially during later stages of pregnancy can feel more and more uncomfortable because of the growing belly. Moreover, it may not be a good position for your baby. Effects of sleeping on the back while pregnant are listed below:
When a pregnant woman sleeps on her back, the weight of the enlarging uterus can pressurize the key blood vessels, adversely affecting the blood supply to the baby which means fewer nutrients and oxygen for the developing foetus.
The restricted blood flow may also lead to low blood pressure that may cause you to feel giddy and faint.
Sleeping on your back during pregnancy can result in digestive issues like indigestion or heartburn.
As the pregnancy progresses, some pregnant women may have trouble breathing properly or experience shortness of breath while sleeping on the back.
Sleeping on your back during pregnancy can strain the back muscles resulting in backaches.
Can Sleeping on the Back Increase the Risk of Stillbirth?
There may be a distant link between the lying down position of the mother and the danger of stillbirth. Sleeping on the back, for an extended period of time, may be harmful to the growth of the foetus and in case of difficult pregnancies, it can further distress the foetus resulting in stillbirth in some cases. According to some studies, the foetus tends to be in a less active state when pregnant women sleep on their back. This sleep-like condition is usually attributed to low oxygen supply due to the horizontal position. On the other hand, the foetus is likely to change into a more active mode when the position is switched to lying on the left side. Experts also studied the heart rate changeability of the foetus in both the positions and found that the heart rate tends to reduce in the lying on the back position. Reduced heart rate can result in complications for the foetus’ growth. But concrete scientific evidence is still lacking which can establish a direct correlation between sleeping on the back and the risk of stillbirth.
Safe & Comfortable Sleeping Positions During Pregnancy
Sleeping comfortably during pregnancy can be a bit of a challenge, especially during the later stages of pregnancy. One of the most frequently asked questions by pregnant women is, ‘which side should I sleep on?’ Owing to the bodily changes during pregnancy, some sleeping positions may not be as comfortable as before. Experts generally don’t recommend lying on the back during pregnancy. It is important to bear in mind that it is quite common to have a few uncomfortable nights, as the pregnancy progresses. It is best to give your body suitable time to adjust to a new position.
Some of the safe and comfortable sleeping positions during pregnancy can be:
Sleeping on your left side, during all phases of pregnancy, is usually considered to be the best and safest sleeping position as it doesn’t interfere with the blood circulation and helps drive in more nutrients to the baby.
When sleeping on the side, it may feel comfortable if you bend the knees and legs. This helps in keeping unnecessary pressure off the heart.
After the first trimester, pregnant women may find placing a pillow under their belly helpful while lying on their side in supporting the weight of their expanding tummy. While sleeping on the side, putting a sturdy pillow underneath the top leg can aid in properly aligning the body and easing pressure off the lower leg and back.
In the side position, placing a pillow at the back and in the front can enable you to bend forward or backwards comfortably.
Pregnant women can try resting one leg over the other leg and tucking a thin pillow between the legs for support.
You can also look for a pillow which is shaped like a wedge or an all-around body pillow, shaped like the letter C, for full support to the body.
If you prefer sleeping on the stomach, it may be fine but only during the first trimester. Thereafter, the growing belly may not allow you to sleep comfortably in this position.
During pregnancy, it is important to choose sleeping positions which are not only comfortable but also beneficial for the baby’s health. While some pregnant women may prefer sleeping on the back even during pregnancy, it is advisable to try and practice sleeping on the left side instead. Pregnant women may also consult a doctor to discuss their options for comfortable sleeping positions during pregnancy.
Also Read: Sleeping on Stomach During Pregnancy - Is It Dangerous? Read more
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Urinary Incontinence After Delivery - Causes and Treatment
Women expect to experience a lot of discomfort during pregnancy, but not many realise that the period after giving birth comes with its own challenges. Among other physical discomforts, things are not always going to be the same when it comes to bladder control after having a vaginal birth and women often experience urinary incontinence.
What is Postpartum Urinary Incontinence?
Uncontrolled urine leakage is known as urinary incontinence, and it is experienced by at least 1 in 3 women who have had vaginal births. There are two types of urinary incontinence, namely stress and urge incontinence.
You are said to have stress incontinence after birth if you find yourself leak when you are laughing hard, coughing, sneezing, jumping or doing any heavy lifting. Certain hormones prepare your body for delivery, making the joints and tissues more elastic, resulting in low bladder strength and control.
Other women may experience needing to relieve themselves even though their bladder is not full, meaning they are going through urge incontinence after birth, and most often find themselves leak before they get to the bathroom.
What Causes Urinary Incontinence After Pregnancy?
There are many causes of urinary incontinence after pregnancy. As the pelvis is always stretching during pregnancy, the bladder muscles tend to weaken, causing the urethra to lose control when trying to hold urine. Some of the main causes of urinary incontinence after pregnancy are:
Multiple childbirths
Obesity
Having carried a large baby, putting extra pressure on the vagina during delivery
Smoking
Prolonged pushing for the duration of a normal pregnancy
Vaginal birth (also applicable to those who have been through a C- Section but have had a vaginal birth before.)
A vaginal birth where the use of forceps was needed.
Inherited from family
How to Deal with Postnatal Incontinence
Just when you thought all the discomfort was over and done with, you realise you have to find a postpartum urinary incontinence treatment that will work for you. Here are things you can try:
1. Use a Pessary
A pessary is a small ring made of silicone that supports the internal structure of the vagina after it is inserted into it. It can be put on in the morning before you start your day, and it can be taken off at night before you go to bed. Some women choose to use a pessary only when they are playing tennis or going for a jog as these may trigger unwanted squirts.
2. Surgery
A procedure known as 'Bladder Sling' surgery can be done where the doctor will insert a U-Shaped mesh sling which will be able to support the urethra permanently. This surgery has a 90% chance of success and should only be considered by those who don’t want any more children. If you do not wish for any more pregnancies, then having this surgery for incontinence after childbirth is the best option for you.
3. Sanitary Pads
Avoid those rather embarrassing sudden squirts in that can happen in public by wearing a sanitary pad to help catch any unwanted leakage. Just make sure to change it regularly to avoid developing any infections. This is a very simple way of keeping yourself clean and hygienic when you are out if you suffer from urinary incontinence.
4. Answer Nature's Call
If you have urinary incontinence, then holding your pee in if you are busy is not the best idea and could lead to more leakage. Take the time to stop what you are doing and empty your bladder; not only will you feel better, but you avoid those hassles that come when you leak.
5. Tighten the Muscles
When you are with a group of people, or anywhere for that matter, and feel either a sneeze or a cough coming, cross your legs. This will help to tighten the pelvic muscles and avoid the sudden squirt that comes with them.
6. Kegel Exercises
Most would know these as exercises to be done during pregnancy, but they're also very good for helping to strengthen your pelvic muscles after you have delivered.
How Long Does Incontinence Last After Childbirth?
This depends on the individual as for most cases; the problem will go away within a few weeks to a year. For others, however, the problem may reappear every now and then over the years. As the problem is more prevalent with age, women who have had C-Sections can also experience urinary incontinence during the time of menopause.
When to Call the Doctor
It is usually women who have vaginal births who experience problems with their bladder and pelvic muscles due to the strenuous pushing that takes place during childbirth. It is rare to suffer from urinary incontinence after a caesarean birth; however, if you experience any burning sensations or pain when you urinate, it is always advisable to speak to your doctor about it. You will be tested for Urinary Tract Infection, and if that is not the case, then you will be referred to a urogynecologist.
New mothers already have so much to do, so it can be very difficult when you have to deal with additional medical issues such as urinary incontinence after you have given birth to your child. However, if you follow your doctor's advice, you will be able to manage your situation properly.
Also Read: Kegel (Pelvic floor) exercise after birth Read more
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How To Knit a Sweater For Your Baby
Looking for an opportunity to gift something unique to your baby? Winter is the perfect time. Shower him with your hand knitted woollens and enjoy the warmth of seeing your baby protected and comfortable in them.
Winter season gives you a chance to gift lovely handmade knits to your angel. The handmade knits not only look attractive but also provide excellent protection against the chill to your little one.
How to Knit a Sweater For Your Baby
Sweaters for babies can be knitted in vibrant colours. This will make your angel look brighter and cuter. You can choose from a broad range of baby knitting patterns such as cartoon characters, nature patterns like flower, butterfly, stars etc. You may choose from a wide variety of styles such as the cardigan, hoodie, pullover and vest.
Knitting a Baby Hat
A baby hat is a must for your child during the winters. A well fitted, soft and warm hat or a cap will keep your baby’s head warm. The baby hats and caps may again be knitted in various patterns and styles. The caps and hats can be coordinated with baby’s outfit making him look even cuter. Among the popular patterns are beanie, cupcake hat , hood, monkey cap a ribbon hat etc. Follow the steps listed below to knit a cap quickly:
Cast on the number of stitches required for baby’s head on a circular needle.
Join the cast on stitches in a round and do not twist.
Keep knitting unto the desired length and then start decreasing the stitches every round.
Stop knitting and remove the needles when you have 4 stitches left.
Using a crochet, hook and pull the loose yarn through the remaining 4 stitches one at a time. This will tighten the top of your cap.
Hide the excess yarn by pulling it down through the top by a needle.
Knitting Baby Booties
Those little feet of your baby need a lot of protection during winters. Hand knitted booties is the solution. The booties take very little time to be knitted. You can make them in different colours. The step by step procedure for knitting boooties is as follows:
Choose a weight yarn.
As booties are knit flat, choose regular needles.
Gauge your yarn and determine the size of booties you want for your baby.
Knit the rows gradually decreasing the stitches so that it is not loose at the foot.
Knit the cuff and cast off knitting by binding loosely.
Your booties are ready. Try them on your angel and feel the happiness.
Knitting Baby Blanket
If you are new to knitting and wish to knit for a baby, then starting with a blanket is a good idea. Knitted baby blankets can be made using wool, acrylic yarn or blends. There are different types of blankets required by a baby such as receiving blanket, security blanket, swaddling blanket, crib blanket etc. This gives you a chance to choose and start with the one you like and require most. This soft covering ensures protection and a peaceful sleep.
Get started this winter and wrap your bundle of joy in your handmade creations. Your bundle of joy will look unique and wonderful in the stuff created and designed by you. Also gift your near and near dear little ones with your creativity and showcase your love. There in no better way of exhibiting your affection and concern than knitting for these little stars. Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
2 hours ago
Q. #asktheexpert water leak from baby eye....what is that
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. blocked naso lacrimal duct kk. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
1 hour ago
Q. loop of cord is seen round the neck in growth scan is it a problem at the time of delivery
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. single Loop okay no problem wait. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Puja Kumari has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
1 hour ago
Q. #asktheexpert My baby is 4months old he is having fever after vaccination . how many days would the fever remain? can I give him medicine
Puja Kumari
Trying To Conceive
1 hour ago
A. vomiting ka kya karan ho sakta
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
1 hour ago
Q. #asktheexpert
Can we have sex during pregnancy and is it safe?
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. okay no problem if you don't have any risk factors ko. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
1 hour ago
Q. Dr meri baby 12 month running hai uska weight 6 kg hai uska growth nahi ho pa Raha hai to kya kare or over active hai
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. ok see c. if the baby is not having proper height and weight it means that baby is having failure to thrive baby needs investigations like TSH and other related test to find out the reason
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
1 hour ago
Q. mere twins baby hai boy nd girl one month 8 days when I check eye and ear which month
Dr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. For the query asked needs consultation with doctor for proper guidance so it is better that the doctor will guide you the correct way .
Online consultation can also be taken jjand the expert will give you the proper answer .
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