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Pregnancy After Tubal Ligation - Is it Possible?
Tubal ligation is an effective method for preventing pregnancy and is generally considered as a permanent form of birth control. Tubal ligation is when a woman gets her tubes tied in order to prevent pregnancy. The procedure involves cutting and tying off the fallopian tubes to prevent an egg from entering the uterus. Although it is a permanent procedure and very effective, it is still possible for a woman to get pregnant.
What Are the Chances of Getting Pregnant After Tubal Ligation Procedure?
Tubal ligation is considered to be a near-foolproof method for preventing pregnancy. There is a 1 in 1000 chance of getting pregnant after the first year. While performing a tubal ligation surgery, the surgeon cuts, and seals or ties the fallopian tubes. Pregnancy can occur if the fallopian tubes grow back after the procedure. In some cases, pregnancy can also occur if the doctor performs the surgery incorrectly. After the fifth year, however, the chances of getting pregnant may increase. The changes of getting pregnant after undergoing a tubal ligation procedure also depend on the age of a woman. A woman who is below the age of 28, has a 5% chance of getting pregnant after undergoing this procedure. On the other hand, an older woman has only 1-2% chances of getting pregnant. Furthermore, if a woman does conceive after a tubal ligation procedure, there will be a risk of an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency as it could cause the fallopian tube to rupture and lead to bleeding.
Reasons for a Tubal Ligation Procedure Failure
Mentioned below are some of the possible reasons for the failure of a tubal ligation procedure.
Technical mistakes that happen while the surgery is being pregnancy.
The tubal ligation procedure may prove ineffective if the fallopian tubes are sealed off incorrectly.
Recanalization - the regeneration of fallopian tubes when they are improperly closed.
Luteal phase pregnancy where pregnancy remains unobserved before tubal ligation surgery.
Tuboperitoneal fistula due to inadequate healing of the fallopian tubes.
Risks Associated With the Tubal Ligation Procedure
A surgeon usually provides a consent form to a woman wanting to undergo tubal ligation. The form explains the risks associated with the tubal ligation procedure. The potential complications that may arise after undergoing this procedure are given below.
Ectopic pregnancy, where the egg fertilizes outside the uterus
Bleeding due to a cut in the abdomen
Infections
Damage to other organs
Risks associated with anaesthesia
Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy After Tubal Ligation
If the fallopian tubes grow back together after undergoing a tubal ligation procedure, a woman can get pregnant and have a full-term pregnancy. The following are the symptoms associated with pregnancy post tubal ligation:
Frequent urination
Missed periods
Tenderness in the breasts
Fatigue
Cravings for specific foods
Nausea
Nausea after seeing or thinking about specific foods
Ectopic Pregnancy
In a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg moves through the fallopian tubes and gets implanted in the uterus. A pregnancy which occurs due to the implantation of a fertilised egg anywhere outside the uterus - most commonly inside the fallopian tubes - is known as ectopic pregnancy. Although such pregnancies are rare, they need to be treated on priority as they could lead to further complications. It is also known as tubal pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is common after a woman undergoes a tubal ligation procedure.
Symptoms of an Ectopic Pregnancy
Apart from the normal pregnancy symptoms, one may experience the following symptoms in case of an ectopic pregnancy.
Light vaginal bleeding
Abdominal pain
Pelvic pressure during bowel movement
Pelvic pain
Pain in the shoulders
Lightheadedness
Extreme vaginal bleeding
Complications
The following are complications associated with an ectopic pregnancy:
Fallopian tube may get ruptured
Internal bleeding
Infection
Loss of blood in large quantities
Death, if left untreated
Who Is Most At the Risk of an Ectopic Pregnancy?
If a woman has had a tubal ligation in the past, she can still conceive. She will be at the risk of having an ectopic pregnancy in the following cases:
If she has had induced abortions
If she has taken fertility medications or treatments
If she is between the ages of 35 and 44 years
If she has had abdominal or pelvic surgery in the past
If she has pelvic inflammatory diseases
If she has endometriosis
If she smokes
What Are the Options to Get Pregnant Post Tubal Ligation?
If you are wondering how to get pregnant after tubal ligation, then the following options may help:
1. Tubal Ligation Reversal
The procedure to restore fertility after a woman has undergone tubal ligation is known as tubal ligation reversal. During this procedure, the blocked portions of the fallopian tubes are reconnected to the fallopian tubes again. This can help the eggs to move into the fallopian tubes and meet up with the sperms that have travelled up too. When the fallopian tubes are least damaged the chances of success are higher.
2. IVF
If you have had a tubal ligation in the past and now you want to have a child, then you can consider in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF can help you conceive even after undergoing a tubal ligation procedure. This procedure is a safe choice for many women, especially with growing medical expertise.
3. Surrogacy
Gestational surrogacy is carried out after tubal ligation if a woman plans to conceive despite undergoing the tubal ligation procedure. In this case, a surrogate mother carries a child. Here the eggs of the woman or a donor are fertilized by the sperm of the father or a donor and then implanted through IVF. A woman who has had tubal ligation is thus able to become a gestational surrogate.
Although tubal ligation is an effective method of preventing pregnancy, it is risky and may not offer 100 % protection. Since it does not safeguard you against sexually transmitted diseases, using a condom is highly recommended. Check with your doctor if you are unsure about tubal ligation and its effectiveness.
Also Read: Common Causes of Not Conceiving Read more
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Small Uterus and Pregnancy
Most women don’t realise that they have a small uterus until the time they get pregnant. When a woman suspects that she is pregnant and goes to a doctor, a gynaecological exam or the ultrasound may bring this news (of having a small uterus) and can be a cause of immense worry. At times, the doctor’s language may also instil fear. However, it is always important to get to the bottom of it and understand the health condition properly.
What Causes Formation of Small Uterus?
As per medical science, the size of the uterus varies in all women. However, the size that has been termed as a specific benchmark is what has been observed in a majority of women. The neck length of the uterus is usually 25mm with the myometrium as thick as 30mm or so. The actual dimensions of the uterus tend to be in the range of 40-50mm in width, whereas the length is usually 70-80mm. These parameters are generally used as a reference but many women tend to have a completely healthy uterus that might not be as large as this.
In some women, the uterus can be larger than the average or even smaller. However, it should function just fine. A woman's overall body physique also plays a major governing factor for the uterus size. Therefore, women who are preternaturally thin or have a small body face have higher chances of having a small uterus.
Is It Possible for a Woman to Conceive Successfully If She Has a Small Uterus?
The tiny foetus at conception grows to become a full-fledged baby by the end of the pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to understand if women can conceive successfully with a small uterus or not. Any chances of risk should be mitigated right from the start.
One of the key factors to be taken into account to successfully conceive in the presence of a small uterus is the epithelium. Enhanced blood flow can help with its growth and pregnancy massages can help too. There are a few physiotherapy measures as well, which can help make it happen. However, if these techniques fail to work, then doctors might recommend the pregnant woman to undergo hormonal stimulation, which will increase the chances of conception.
Any kind of hormone therapy may result an increase in the size of the uterus as well as the genitals. Most of the time this is suggested to women who suffer from a condition where the uterus, as well as the genitals, are underdeveloped, causing an imbalance of various hormone levels within the body. Termed as hypoplasia, it could also indicate the presence of other illnesses as well. Undertaking hormonal therapy in such a case could, in fact, make matters worse.
At times, proper intake of vitamins and minerals could make conception possible. If you are pregnant and have a small uterus, you can even go for vitamin therapy. It makes use of certain fluid preparations which, when consumed daily, can be quite useful.
What If You Are Diagnosed With a Small Uterus in Pregnancy?
Defining the uterus as “small” is not enough for doctors to make a proper decision. Further diagnosis is necessary to determine the actual condition. It could be hypoplasia, where the uterus is small due to hormonal issues. Aplasia could be a cause as well, where the uterus is the same as that of a newborn child. Another condition could be infantilism, where the uterus is not larger than 55mm.
Any kind of treatment method to increase the size of the uterus takes a good amount of time. Using hormonal medication is a common method for women diagnosed with hypoplasia. In certain cases, being involved in sexual activity regularly can be beneficial as well, and could cause the uterus to increase in size gradually.
In order to focus on the epithelium and the pelvic region, physiotherapy exercises are usually recommended by doctors. A few massages that are administered by gynaecologists may also help in stimulating the genitals and other reproductive organs, causing them to increase in size. Vitamin therapy is most commonly used as a supplement to other measures since it is pretty integral to the overall healthiness of a woman. In extreme cases, the uterine size can be kicked out of its stupor by making use of controlled electric shocks.
Apart from the typical allopathic and medical techniques, there are a few alternative approaches for treating the condition as well. A specific type of clay can be procured from pharmacies, used for this very purpose. By treating that clay in water to a point where it turns into a creamy substance, it can be used as a lotion and applied on the lower abdominal region in multiple layers. This layer is then covered with a plastic film tightly to keep it secure for about a couple of hours or so. After that, the clay is rinsed with water and the process is repeated daily.
What If the Uterus Is Less Than the Gestational Age?
While the detection of a small uterus prior to conception is one case, it might even be observed when pregnancy has set in. An intra-uterine growth restriction may take place that limits the child from growing as large as it should be and limiting its weight.
Most of the times, several factors are taken into account to determine whether the size of the uterus will be a problem or not. These are primarily the vital elements such as the amount of amniotic fluid present in the sac, the position of the foetus within the uterus, the size it has grown to depend on the progress in pregnancy, and so on. The bottom part of the uterus can vary quite a bit across multiple women. Women that have a naturally large body tend to have a wider uterine base.
Any case of a small uterus will be examined with proper ultrasound tests, which might be followed by colour-doppler or cardio-topography for more details.
A small-sized uterus and pregnancy may not exactly be conducive to each other. But if your doctor suggests that everything will be fine, there is truly no need to worry. Using a few techniques, your pregnancy can proceed safely and give your baby the life he deserves.
Also Read: Different Types of Uterus Abnormalities? Read more
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Foot Pain in Children - Causes and Home Remedies
If your child is suffering from foot pain on a regular basis, there is a strong likelihood that he may be suffering from growing pains. However, sometimes it may not be just growing pains that may be causing discomfort to your child’s feet, sometimes the pain may be present due to some underlying medical condition as well. If you are looking for more information on causes of foot pain in children and how you may effectively manage it with the various home remedial measure, we recommend that you go through the following article.
What Causes Foot Pain in Kids
Young children are very active and spend most of their time running around in the house as well as outside, and thus it may turn their feet sore. However, apart from this, there are many other causes of pain in the feet of a child:
1. Injury
Any injury such as a sprain, twisting, fracture or other such injuries may cause pain in your child’s foot. If your kid experiences foot pain due to any such injuries, it is important that you seek immediate medical assistance for the same.
2. Athletics’ Foot
This condition can be characterized by severe itching between the toes and may make the skin of a foot appear scaly, dry, and flaky. This is a fungal infection that your kid may catch from swimming pool, by wearing contaminated socks, etc.
3. Sever’s Disease
This condition may occur due to the growth spurts in a child. The growth spurts can lead to serious pain in the feet of the child. He will feel intense pain in the heels. This is more common in kids who are active in sports or other outdoor activities.
4. Flat Foot
If your kid complains of foot pain that may extend up to his ankles and calf muscles, then there is a possibility that your kid may be suffering from flat-footedness.
5. Improper Shoes
Sometimes kids may experience foot pain if they do not wear proper running shoes or if they wear shoes that are too tight. Tight or ill-fitted shoes may cause a blister and raw skin on your child’s foot, which may lead to excessive pain.
6. Bunions
If your child makes more use of his arched portion of the foot, a bump may appear on the joint at the base of the big toe, which may protrude from one side of the foot. This condition may also occur due to any kind of foot deformity at birth or genetic reasons and may cause pain.
7. Ingrown Nails
Sometimes improper clipping of toenails may make the nail to curl up at the edges and dig into the skin itself. This may cause the surrounding skin to turn red, raw, and may cause pain.
8. Plantar Warts
Often mistaken as corns, plantar warts are caused due to a viral infection and are extremely contagious. These warts have their roots embedded into the skin and may cause extreme pain and discomfort while walking.
9. Plantar Fasciitis
This condition may occur due to irritation of the plantar fasciitis, which is a thick band of connective tissues. The symptoms may include difficulty in walking, foot tenderness, and severe heel pain, which is usually more prominent in the morning hours.
10. Achilles Tendonitis
This condition may affect children who may undertake any increased physical activity. The increased activity may put pressure on the heel and the back of the foot, causing pain and discomfort.
The above-mentioned are some of the causes of foot pain or foot cramps in kids. If you register any of these conditions in your child, you may adopt various remedial measures to ease the pain.
Ways to Treat Foot Pain in Child At Home
If you are looking for some home remedial measures to cure foot pain in your child, the following may prove to be useful:
If your child complains of foot pain and you are able to establish that it is due to the wrong sole of the shoe, then it will be a good idea to put an insole in your child’s shoe. The extra cushioning may not only provide comfort but may also help in keeping the pain at bay. However, if the pain is due to the ill-fitted or improper shoe, it will be a good idea to ditch that shoe and invest in a good pair of shoes for your kid.
Encourage your child to soak his feet in warm water after having an active day. A warm water bath may also help. A warm bath helps the tired muscles to relax and eases the pain, and also induces better sleep.
Pay attention to your child’s diet because sometimes certain ailments occur due to nutritional deficiency in your child. Increase your kid’s iron intake as more iron in the body may help in keeping various health problems at bay.
If your doctor has prescribed some medication to treat pain, make sure your kid has it on time. Do not give any over-the-counter medicines to your kid. If you want to give any medicines, seek your doctor’s permission for the same.
If your child complains of pain in his feet, give him a comfortable and roomy footwear to wear.
If the pain is due to continuous pressure on the feet, then it will be a good idea to try R.I.C.E. It stands for Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. This may help you take care of your kid’s foot pain for a few hours.
When your child feels better and his pain subsides, engage him in light to moderate physical activities. Your doctor may recommend a few exercises for your child.
If under some critical condition, your doctor recommends using crutches, you can use them too.
If the pain in the feet does not subside even after a few days or so, seek your doctor’s advice for the same. If the case seems to be more complicated, your doctor may even recommend paying a visit to a podiatrist.
When To Consult a Doctor
Sometimes home remedies or treatment may not work for your kid, and your kid may require medical assistance. Following are certain conditions for which you should consult your doctor:
Any signs of infection on your child’s foot, which may include fever, pus draining anywhere from the foot, redness, intense pain etc.
If your kid’s foot is tingly or numb.
If you notice your kid’s foot is not in its original position or appears twisted.
If your kid’s foot is not stable when he puts it on the ground.
If your kid experiences difficulty when standing on his feet.
If you notice the above-mentioned conditions, we suggest you seek medical help.
Foot pain is very common in children, and it may occur due to various reasons. In order to establish the real cause of the pain, it will be a good idea to visit your doctor.
Also Read: Signs And Symptoms of Neck Pain in Children Read more
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Zika Virus Found in Gujarat! Experts Share 8 Symptoms & Precautions Every Family Must Know
Last Friday (May 26, 2017), the World Health Organisation released a statement: three cases of Zika virus have been reported in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, through routine blood surveillance. The Zika virus is known to be very dangerous, especially to pregnant women and children, and this news is naturally panic-inducing! Here's what you must know about Zika and how to keep your child and family safe from it, in the light of this recent development.
The Zika virus, spread by the Aedes mosquito, has been causing havoc in the world around us. For quite some time, we thought we were safe, as Southern California, Southern U.S., the Caribbean and Puerto Rico had been indicated as high-risk zones. However, recently, the first three cases of Zika virus were detected in India, in a locality called Bapunagar in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Some medical experts are of the view that Zika can damage the brains of foetuses and cause lifelong brain-related problems, potentially incurable! Which means your baby may be infected and suffer brain damage even BEFORE coming into the world.
So, what can you do about it? Is India also on the brink of a Zika virus outbreak?
Zika Virus In India – What Does The WHO Say
In response to the three Zika virus cases reported by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare-Government of India, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has already taken steps to prevent and/or control a prospective outbreak in the country.
National Guidelines and Action Plan related to Zika virus have been shared nation-wide with respective state officials.
Airports and ports have been alerted to the situation; both are taking corresponding measures to ensure prevention of an outbreak.
In their bid to assess gravity of the situation, around 500 mosquito samples were collected from the respective area in Ahmedabad (where the three Zika virus cases were detected) and tested for Zika virus. The samples tested negative for presence of Zika virus. This, and an in-depth analysis of the cases reported, suggests a low level transmission of Zika virus.
However, since the Aedes mosquito that carries the Zika virus has a wide geographic presence, the spread of Zika virus is high-risk. Now that India has reported its initial Zika virus cases, however, it is time we educate ourselves about the virus.
What is Zika Virus - Are You At Risk?
Zika virus transmission occurs through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. This is the same breed of mosquito that also causes dengue and chikungunya. If you answer yes to any of the following questions, you could be at risk.
Have you recently traveled to Southern California, Southern U.S., the Caribbean or Puerto Rico? These are among the high-risk zones. However, Zika virus in India was also reported as early as in the 1950s!
Have you had unprotected sex in the recent past? There is a likelihood of Zika spreading through sexual contact with an infected person.
Do you have a mosquito infestation around your home? If you experience symptoms (below), it could be Zika fever and you should get a blood test done.
Symptoms Of Zika Virus
Fever
Sore body
Headache
Red eyes
Body rashes
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Diarrhoea
You should get a blood test done at the earliest if you can observe any of the above symptoms in yourself or in your child.
While these symptoms usually last for a few days and then disappear, there have been a few instances where Zika has been linked to Guillain-Barre – a neurological condition leading to muscle weakness and even paralysis.
How Zika Can Harm Your Unborn Baby
There is some evidence that Zika is linked to microcephaly - a birth defect where the baby is born with a shrunken head. His brain fails to develop completely and he suffers from impaired cognitive skills all through his life. Many such babies also have a reduced life expectancy.
What's even more worrying is that many pregnant women with Zika fail to get diagnosed. Microcephaly too may be hard to diagnose in the foetus, and often goes undetected till late in the pregnancy. Currently, there is no known treatment though Zika virus vaccine research is underway.
The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is also doing its bit to counter this problem. Microcephaly being one of the biggest concerns associated with Zika virus, the RBSK is monitoring the number of microcephaly cases being reported. A rise could indicate a possible outbreak of Zika virus, hence this WHO-directed move of RBSK is indeed highly-appreciated!
What You Must Do To Stay Safe
Get rid of standing stagnant water around your home. This prevents mosquito larvae from hatching.
Zika can possibly be sexually transmitted, though this has not been confirmed yet. Safe sex (using a condom or other barrier) is recommended.
If you are planning to get pregnant and are anxious after figuring out whether you are at risk, it may be advisable to delay conception for a while. Medical experts are trying to confirm whether the feared linkage between Zika and microcephaly is indeed true.
If you are pregnant, you must go in for a foetal ultrasound and amniocentesis to diagnose if you have been infected by Zika.
Ensure that your children wear long sleeves when playing outside in order to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.
Use an insect repellant spray indoors to keep mosquitoes from entering your house.
Ask your neighbourhood health and cleanliness officials to spray larvicide and use fumigation near possible breeding sites.
The WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme has recommended use of certain insecticides as larvicides; insist on using the same in your locality. Please get in touch with the authorities in your area to evaluate this
The Good News - Zika Virus Vaccine Made In India
Finally, here's some good news. Amidst the worldwide Zika scare, Bharat Biotech International Limited, a Hyderabad-based lab, has reportedly developed the world's first vaccine against the Zika Virus! Dr. Krishna Ella, Chairman and Managing Director, has sought the government's support on this. The development and delivery is being fast-tracked so that the epidemic in fellow countries like Brazil can be abated.
Zika seems to have taken a stronghold over the world. But with constant medical and scientific research, and the heartening news of Zika virus medicine made in India, we are sure things will soon take a turn for the better.
In the interim, stay informed; stay safe! Read more
Dr Disha Patel has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 6 months
16 hours ago
Q. can I take medicine pcm n citrazene in pregnancy fir sore throats n fever
Dr Disha Patel
Ayurvedic Physician
11 hours ago
A. dear mom.
better to take tab pcm for time being n do take steam inhakation couple of tines a day, follpw good home renedies for cold, taje more rest .
Swati Kar Samanta has added a new answer
Mom of a 9 m old child
9 hours ago
Q. hi everyone good morning,
sorghum can I give to my 10 month baby is it safe or not please revert I waiting for your reply
Swati Kar Samanta
Mom of a 2 m old girl
7 hours ago
A. Yes but first give in very small quantity to judge the reaction of your baby.
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
7 hours ago
Q. #asktheexperts is it okay that the baby is kicking less than usual?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
7 hours ago
A. Yes it is the what part is that your child is kicking if you feel that there is a movement of your child whether it is a cake or slight movement also you know that your child is doing fine so there is no problem in that if the movement is less it’s completely alright
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
6 hours ago
Q. #asktheexperts what to do if the baby’s nose is blovked
Dr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
6 hours ago
A. Nasal blockage is very common, specially in small children because of the narrow nasal cavity. Any kind of saline drops like nasal clear will be helpful in dissolving the stuffy secretions, which can be taken out by vnasal aspirator gently also steam inhalation will be helpful also, try to avoid keeping the child directly under the fan.
Ankita Mehta has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
4 hours ago
Q. 22 week pregnant,baby konse month me or din me kitni baar move kartaa he ,pls bataye abhi sirf 2, 3 baar hi hota he
Ankita Mehta
Mom of a 8 yr 7 m old girl
1 hour ago
A. hi
yes it's enough
and the frequency and timing may vary as we all are different
but yes, the frequency of feeling baby movements will increase now
please go for regular check-up to your gynecologist
and follow his or her suggestions
Rashmi has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
3 hours ago
Q. hi
need help and advice
my RT 18x16mm and LT 10x16mm ET 6.59
and did ovulation rest also showing fertility test C as if now , pls advice if we intercourse tomorrow then when will be my ovulation start.
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
2 hours ago
A. You can check with an ovulation kit if it is positive then you can certainly go ahead with the conception because ovulation kit is going to give you 100% clarity whether you are ovulating or not with that you can try practising if you can conceive the same time
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