Videos you might be interested in
Videos you might be interested in
Videos you might be interested in
Suggested for you
Suggested for you
True Knot in Baby's Umbilical Cord during Pregnancy
A knot in a baby’s umbilical cord is called a “True Knot of Umbilical Cord.” It can be caused by high levels amniotic fluid in the womb. It could also happen when the baby inadvertently experiences cord entanglement while being active. While in most cases, there doesn’t seem to be any complications during birth, there are risks involved. A knot of the umbilical cord sometimes changes the heart rate of the baby and may result in brain damage and stillbirths if the knot tightens during labour.
What is True Knot of Umbilical Cord?
The umbilical cord connects a growing foetus to the mother, providing the baby with blood rich in oxygen and nutrients. It resembles a cord and consists of two arteries and one vein which are protected and held together by a substance called Wharton’s Jelly. When this umbilical cord forms a knot, it is called a True Knot of Umbilical Cord.
Other Names For This Condition
Here are some other names by which this condition goes by:
Cord Knots in Pregnancy
Placental Knots
Umbilical Cord Knots
How Common is it during Pregnancy?
True Knots of Umbilical Cord are surprisingly common during pregnancies, usually occurring in one every 100 pregnancies. However, the true knot in umbilical cord fatality rate is low with only one in every 2,000 births causing complications. In cases of twins sharing the same amniotic sac in the uterus, chances of true knots forming are generally higher as there are two cords within the same sac.
Causes
Here are some factors that cause True Knots of Umbilical Cord:
Elevated foetal activity in the womb increases the chances of your baby getting entangled in the umbilical cord.
Long umbilical cords can wrap around the baby forming a knot
Babies that are relatively small have a high chance of getting entangled in the umbilical cord
Too much amniotic fluid in the sac allows for lots of movement of the foetus
Symptoms
Decreased foetal activity after the 37th week of pregnancy is often an indicator of this condition. This takes place as the blood circulation to the foetus is compromised, the degree varies according to how tight the knot is, thereby compromising the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the child.
Diagnosis Of Placental Knot
These are the modules used when diagnosing this condition:
Abnormal or decreased heart rate of the foetus.
Ultrasound exams to detect and assess the seriousness of the knot.
Colour Doppler Sonogram, used to check for problems with blood flow.
Examination of the cord during delivery.
Risk Factors
Some people are at greater risk of having knot formations in the uterus. These include:
Older women
Carrying two or more children at once (twins, triplets etc.) or having had multiple pregnancies
Long umbilical cord
Excess of amniotic fluids
Anaemia
Gestational Diabetes
Treatments
There is no special treatment for this condition. It is best to:
Keep a general eye on your baby’s development.
If a diagnosed knot is tight, your doctor will generally suggest a C-Section delivery to reduce the chances of the knot tightening even further during delivery.
True Knot Of Umbilical Cord Complications
Some complications involved with a baby born with knot in umbilical cord include:
Negative changes in the heart rate of the foetus.
Brain damage.
Death of the foetus or stillbirth.
Prognosis
Some of the outcomes that go with this condition are:
High chance of survival with care and management.
Possible chance of brain damage.
The mortality rate of around 10%.
Difference Between True Knot And False Knot
A False Knot is simply an excess covering of Wharton’s Jelly, which makes it look very similar to a True Knot. False Knots never endanger the foetus whereas True Knots might.
Prevention
Studies have shown that detecting knot formation is difficult to observe even with an ultrasound. This is because they have no characteristic patterns associated with them. However, sudden distress in the baby due to lack of proper oxygen and nutrients. They are:
Perform ultrasounds on a regular basis during pregnancy.
If diagnosed, close monitoring is required for the rest of the gestation period.
Knot formation of the umbilical cord is a dangerous phenomenon as it could lead to the blockage of oxygen and nutrients. Despite advances in modern medicine, medical professionals are yet to find a reliable way of detecting the complication. Thankfully, true knot formation is something that is rare and medical institutions have reliable systems to ensure the survival of the baby.
Also Read: How To Care Your Newborn's Umbilical Cord? Read more
Check out this new Memory
Tamilarasi
Guardian of a 6 m old girl
2 mins ago
#cutestbaby
1 Likes
0 Comment
Suggested for you
Choriocarcinoma: Causes, Signs & Remedies
Choriocarcinoma is a rare and rapidly growing malignant cancer that occurs in the female uterus after getting pregnant. It falls into the category of gestational trophoblastic disease.
It can arise in women who have had a miscarriage, or an ectopic pregnancy. It can also occur in normal pregnancies. However, a hydatidiform mole is the main cause of the disease.
What is Choriocarcinoma?
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumour. It mostly occurs in the placenta of pregnant women. The cancerous cells develop first in the tissue of a developing placenta.
However, in some rare cases, it affects the testicles of men and uterus of a post-menopausal woman.
How Common is it during Pregnancy?
Choriocarcinoma is relatively rare with an incidence of one case per 40,000 pregnancies and for it to occur during pregnancy is even rarer.
What Causes Choriocarcinoma?
Choriocarcinoma after a normal pregnancy may occur but it is more prevalent during pregnancy. The disease comes into being when big lumps called hydatidiform moles form in the uterine tissue at the beginning of a pregnancy. These moles then become cancerous and the cells start multiplying. Then they start spreading out.
Choriocarcinoma may also affect people who have had a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy (which occurs outside the womb).
Testicular Choriocarcinoma may occur in men as a result of genetic reasons and undescended testes.
Who is Most at Risk of Getting Choriocarcinoma?
The risk factors for Choriocarcinoma include:
Women who get pregnant before 20 or after 40 are at a greater risk of acquiring the disease.
Any prior incident of molar pregnancy.
A person with low levels of carotene and Vitamin A in her diet is at risk of molar pregnancy which in turn could trigger Choriocarcinoma.
People who belong to blood groups of A or AB.
Rarely there have been few incidences of more than one woman from the same family suffering from a molar pregnancy.
What are the Symptoms?
The signs in a Choriocarcinoma patient are:
Lumps in the uterus
Continuous vaginal bleeding
Cysts present in the ovary
High HCG levels during and after the first trimester,Hypogastric pain
If in case the cancer cells have spread to the lungs, then the person may experience shortness of breath, chest pain, and may cough up blood.
Increase in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Men with Choriocarcinoma may suffer from hyperpigmentation, loss of weight and abnormal growth of breasts in men(Gynaecomastia)
In some people, the signs of the disease may be apparent, but some people may be asymptomatic (showing no signs).
Stages of Choriocarcinoma
The stages of Choriocarcinoma which usually refers to uterine choriocarcinoma, is the FIGO staging system and it is as follows:
STAGE I
The disease is limited to the uterus.
STAGE II
It then starts spreading and now is limited to the female genital tract only.
STAGE III
It then starts spreading upwards towards the lungs.
STAGE IV
In this stage, all the metastases spread to the other parts of the body. Being hematogenous in nature, the metastases spread in other parts of the body through blood circulation.
How is the Diagnosis done?
Choriocarcinoma can be diagnosed and detected firstly through lumps in the uterus. However, lumps or oedema may not be detected in all cases.The HCG level is tested and in this disease, it is noticed that it becomes very high. Apart from this, the doctor may recommend a kidney test, a liver test and a complete blood count test. A CAT scan, a CT scan or an MRI are more specific tests in locating internal abnormalities.
To detect any attack on the lungs, the doctor will ask for a chest x-ray.
The doctor also does a thorough examination of the pelvis to check the condition of the uterus.
Complications
The Complications of Choriocarcinoma include:
Hyperthyroidism
A rise in HCG level (Serum)
Uterine enlargement
Intermenstrual PV Bleed
Treatment for Choriocarcinoma
Treatment for Choriocarcinoma is according to the stage of cancer. If a tumour is small and has not spread to other parts of the body, it is low-risk. Such tumours can be cured by chemotherapy alone. In case the tumour is big and has spread to other parts of the body, then it will be considered high-risk and will require surgery and chemotherapy or surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
1. Chemotherapy
Except for a tumour in the testicles, chemotherapy reacts well to chemotherapy.
2. Surgery
Surgery in Choriocarcinoma includes removal of uterus or hysterectomy. This is usually done for women above 40 years.
3. Radiation Therapy
Radiation treatment is for people who are at high risk. It is given at a time when the cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body.
4. Hysterectomy
Choriocarcinoma is usually treated with chemotherapy. In case the tumour is chemoresistant i.e, it cannot be cured by chemotherapy, then the womb is removed to get rid of the disease.
Can you Get Pregnant?
The high levels of HCG may stop your periods. Then may again start and the cycles may become normal. However, after Chemotherapy, it will again stop. Your cycles will again get back to normal after 3-6 months after your chemo stops.
However, it is to be understood that if hysterectomy (removal of the womb) is done in women with Choriocarcinoma, then she will never be able to get pregnant again.
Prognosis (Outlook)
In case of cancer not having spread to other parts of the body then the woman has every chance of conceiving again.
The cancer is hard to cure if it has spread to the liver or the brain.
In case cancer recurs again despite the person being given chemotherapy earlier, it is hard to cure it.
If the person gets affected after she delivers, then it can have chances of not getting cured.
About 70% of women after treatment get cured and go into remission (disease free).
Prevention
Early detection of Choriocarcinoma can lead to positive outcomes and maximize the chances of cure with chemotherapy.
The HCG levels should be regularly monitored for 1 year after undergoing chemotherapy.
Early adequate treatment can increase the chances of full cure of the disease.
Pregnancy should be avoided during chemotherapy and also the first year after chemotherapy stops.
Having nutritional food goes a long way in preventing the disease.
The association of cancer with pregnancy is on the increase. Although chemotherapy is considered to be the best treatment for Choriocarcinoma, it can pose a danger to the foetus. Also, in cases where the women have to undergo hysterectomy, it can be emotionally challenging for her since conceiving after that will not be possible. Also, too much delay in treatment could result in the disease spreading to the other parts of the body. Therefore, the most viable thing would be to have an early delivery. Read more
Suggested for you
Do you Really Need a Gluten-free Diet
A gluten-free diet in India is not easy to follow. This protein - found in wheat, rye and barley - is an essential component. But the advantages of removing it from your diet will help you lead a healthier lifestyle. While it will be tough, it will be worth it.
Why a gluten-free diet when there’s so much you’ll miss out on? Because not everyone has the ability to stomach gluten. If you’re one, you should definitely consider making this important diet switch.
So Who Needs a Gluten-free Diet?
Some people who suffer from coeliac disease (an inability to digest gluten) are more likely to switch to a gluten-free diet. However, jumping on the bandwagon may be beneficial to you too. If you want to lead a healthy lifestyle, a gluten-free diet can be a step in the right direction.
A Few Gluten-Free Diet Benefits
Not suffering from celiac disease doesn’t mean you can’t avail the benefits of a gluten-free diet plan. Adding more low or non-starchy vegetables and fruits to your meals can benefit you in more ways than one. You get vitamins, minerals and fibre to boot.
By adopting this healthy eating plan, sufferers of gluten intolerance will be removing unhealthy oils from their diet. You’ll also say goodbye to bad carbohydrates found in pastries and doughnuts.
A Quick Look at What to Avoid on a Gluten-Free Diet
Staying away from barley, wheat and rye is the goal when on a gluten-free diet. That also means taking a break from bread, pizza, pasta and other baked goods. However, there are substitutes that can help you out. You can have chicken, fish, fruits and non-starchy vegetables. You can also incorporate the diet when you cook for your family if they’re also gluten-intolerant. If your children are slowly made to eat such foods, they’ll soon grow accustomed to it. This, dear moms, is how you can have a gluten-free diet!
If you don’t eat western food a lot or want to start eating Indian food, the Indian gluten-free diet plan will include a lot of pulses, meat, fruits and vegetables. Rotis will have to be avoided and it can be frustrating especially in the beginning. But think of it as a welcome change from the starchy chapattis, parathas and masala-induced curries that you usually eat.
Weight Loss without Gluten
A gluten-free diet and weight loss isn’t really a plan that will succeed, not if you end up eating a lot of fat and sugary foods. You may, however, see your weight drop over time if you concentrate on eating healthy unprocessed foods like fruits and veggies. Unless you have celiac disease, following this diet isn’t recommended. In fact, whole grains should be included in your food plan.
Let’s recap: what is a gluten-free diet? It’s abstaining from wheat, barley and rye. Adopting it if you’re intolerant to gluten can help you lead a healthy lifestyle. If you aren’t intolerant, there’s no real reason you should go on a gluten-free diet whether using Indian recipes or otherwise. Just eat healthy, exercise and take care of yourself to see results. Read more
Suggested for you
How To Do CPR in Children
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or CPR is one practice that most parents should know. It can be a lifesaver and reduce the chances of permanent damage in case the child stops breathing. CPR combines chest compressions and rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) to great effect, and which can be used to save your child's life.
The best method to learn the techniques of CPR would be to take an official course. Its importance cannot be understated, as it can help you save your child and others, if ever necessary. However, for everybody who cannot learn CPR officially, here are the various necessities and techniques for CPR that can come handy.
What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or CPR is an emergency procedure carried out to deliver oxygen to the brain if the patient stops breathing suddenly. The procedure involves pressing down on the chest area hard (chest compressions) and delivering air to the body through mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (rescue breaths). If done in the correct manner, CPR delivers air and oxygen to the brain and other vital organs, until medical help arrives or your child recovers.
In most cases, CPR is done if the child gets affected by cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest occurs as a result of some kind of injury or illness and is rarely an indication of any underlying heart disease. In most common cases, the heart stops beating if the patient has been drowning, suffocating, electrocuted, poisoned or if he is affected by any allergic reactions.
Why Your Child Might Need CPR?
Here are some of the reasons why your child might need emergency resuscitation, some of which are given here:
Choking
Drowning
Electrical shock
Excessive bleeding
Head trauma or other serious injuries
Lung disease
Poisoning
Suffocation
Which Symptoms Indicate Need of CPR in Kids?
Generally, there are a few symptoms which point towards the necessity of CPR in the situation.
The child is not breathing
The child has no pulse or no heartbeat
The child has passed out and is struggling to breathe
Things to Keep in Mind Before Giving Child CPR
The first step is to make sure that the surroundings of the child are safe and secure before starting the procedure. In the case of children, you have to tap on their shoulder and shout 'Are you okay?' to check if there is any response from the child. Ensure that he needs help, before proceeding with resuscitation. In the case of infants, the best way to elicit a response would be to flick the bottom of the foot and see if they respond.
Get professional medical help, or call for an ambulance or the paramedics. This has to be done before starting the procedure so that the professionals arrive at the time you finish your procedure. Even if the child has already responded to your shouting or flicking, you need to get the help of medical professionals to ensure that the child is alright and not prone to unconsciousness again.
Open the airway of the child (remove any blockage if the child is choking). Make the child lie on his back, and then lift the chin and tilt the head back slightly.
Check whether the child is breathing. Keep your ear close to the mouth, and check whether the child is breathing for ten seconds. The main point to note is that occasional gasps are not considered breathing; however, in the case of infants, periodic breathing is the norm and changes in breathing pattern are a normal occurrence.
Deliver two rescue breaths. Cover the mouth and nose (in case of infants) or just the mouth (in case of children) and breathe into the child's mouth to make the chest rise.
Begin CPR, if the baby does not respond to the rescue breaths.
How Should You Perform CPR on Your Child?
Here are the child CPR steps that will show you how to give CPR to a child
Kneel beside the baby, and push hard and fast on the chest. Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, and the heel of the other hand on top of the heel. Lace your fingers, and begin the compressions. The ideal depth is around two inches, and thirty compressions are to be made. In case of infants, use two fingers and deliver compressions that are around 1.5 inches deep.
Give two rescue breaths to the child after the compressions, to check for any signs of life. Make a seal over the mouth and the nose or just the mouth with your mouth, and blow twice into the airway to make the chest rise.
If the child shows signs of life like breathing, stop CPR and wait for professional help. Otherwise, continue CPR until the child starts breathing, or trained help arrives to help you out.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is something that all parents must know, as it can be a real lifesaver for your child. If the child has been the victim of an accident or an allergy and stops breathing, you have to remember to call for professional help and then administer CPR until the child breathes on his own.
Also Read:
Epilepsy in Children
Seizures in Children Read more
Suggested for you
How to Overcome Obstacles to Physical Activity in Toddlers
With the advent of smart phones, video games and computers, dealing with a kid's screen time can become a challenge for parents. This article will help you in promoting physical activity in a toddler's life.
Getting children to spend time on physical activities can be a big challenge for parents. With obstacles like screen time, hectic work schedules and over-dependence on prams and strollers, getting children to run and play can get difficult for parents. While these barriers can be challenging, it is not impossible to overcome them. The key is to identify what is getting in the way of your child's physical activity, and then finding a way out.
Tips to Overcome Obstacles
1. Screen time
One of the biggest obstacles to physical activity is screen time. It refers to the time children spend watching television, playing games (video or computer games), and the time spent on tablets and smartphones. Screen time can be good entertainment, and a valuable source of learning in children, but too much of it could turn them into couch potatoes. It could also impair the development of communication and social skills in your children, all of which are necessary for kids to grow and evolve into people with good personalities.
Today, most parents think that it is natural for children to spend time with gadgets and gizmos. While children today are more tech-savvy, and likely to embrace technology as part and parcel of their lives, limiting screen time is equally important. To limit screen time, parents can chalk out and strictly implement certain hours as screen time, outside of which children should not be permitted to watch television or play with phones and tablets. It might also be a good idea not to have any screen time on certain days.
It is also equally important for parents to take children out to parks and recreation centers. Exposing children to nature and encouraging them to take up sports will teach them important life skills. Playing with other children gives them an opportunity to imbibe team spirit and interact with peers.
2. Limited Space for Physical Activity
Sometimes parents may feel restricted by limited space for a child's physical activity. In such cases, they can look out for parks and recreation centers nearby. If there are none around your residential area, it might prove to be a deterrent. All parents must make an effort to take their children out to the beach, park or recreation center for a few hours, every week.
3. Hectic Work Schedules
Your work schedule may not permit you to spend time on physical activity with your children. You can easily overcome this obstacle by taking turns to play with your children or take them out. Ask a friend or neighbor to share the responsibility with you.
4. Prams and Strollers as Obstacles
Prams and strollers are convenient ways to move smaller children around. But keeping children seated or sleeping with them around on a sunny day for long hours, will only serve to instill and encourage lethargy early on. In such a case, you should encourage your child to walk and go to the park whenever possible.
Physical activity is a must for the all-around growth and development of your child. Modern-day living can present many obstacles to it. Instead of feeling puzzled about how to overcome obstacles to physical activity in children, parents must stay committed to the cause, and find new ways to overcome the obstacles. Read more
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 1 month
4 hours ago
Q. Hi doctor, I had scan on 33 weeks 2 day, it stated that AC and HC Is <2.3% which is corresponding to 31 weeks. So overall growth of baby avg is 31 week and 2 days.
will there be any issue with the baby.I have attached my report
Dr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
3 hours ago
A. For the query asked needdhs consultation with doctor for proper guidance so it is better that the doctor will guide you the correct way .
Online consultation can also be taken and the expert will give you the proper answer .
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
4 hours ago
Q. I am having pain on my right breast while breastfeeding. Latching position is correct. it is a mix of burning sensation and pain. Pain lasts for few minutes after breastfeeding also
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
3 hours ago
A. nipcare ointments ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
3 hours ago
Q. When baby movement starts??
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
3 hours ago
A. 5-6 months ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
3 hours ago
Q. hello dr..I am 39 weeks 3 days pregnant, AFI level 8 is this normal?and normal delivery possible for me? Is the fluid enough for up to 1 week?Do I need a drip? please suggest me.
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
3 hours ago
A. the levels are on the lower side. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Sarika gupta has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
2 hours ago
Q. Hi.. Priyanka kalra doctor..I am 39 weeks 3 days pregnant, AFI level 8 is this normal?and normal delivery possible for me? Is the fluid enough for up to 1 week?Do I need a drip? please suggest me.
Sarika gupta
Mom of 2 children
2 hours ago
A. Hello there ma’am please do not worry about it too much and it is quite difficult to say anything about it without personally examination and proper reports evaluation. So better to consult with your treating gynaecologist in person as she knew the exact health condition of your pregnancy and can guide you better.
Take care
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
15 mins ago
Q. Hi, for May 1st they will check AFI fluid... should I need to be on empty bladder for that scan... which is around 37 weeks
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
9 mins ago
A. It’s completely normal this kind of an ultrasound is different it is not necessary that your stomach should be full or you should go empty stomach you can have your basic breakfast and all whatever you would want to eat before you go ahead with getting a scan and there is no need to go empty stomach for the scan
Check out this new Memory
Sahjahan
Mom of a Newborn girl
1 min ago
#cutestbaby
0 Likes
0 Comment
Check out this new Memory
Asha
Guardian of a 3 yr old girl
3 mins ago
Enjoying my 3rd birthday
0 Likes
0 Comment
Check out this new Memory
mightymax RPDG
Guardian of a 5 m old girl
3 mins ago
0 Likes
0 Comment
Check out this new Memory
G
Father of a 11 m old boy
3 mins ago
0 Likes
0 Comment
Tell us more about yourself get More Personalised
- Infant0 to 6 Months
- Baby6 Months to 2 Yrs
- Toddler2 to 4 yrs
- Kids4-6 yrs
- Big Kids6+ yrs
- Expecting
- Trying to Conceive