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How to Teach Kids Alphabets
Your kids may show interest in learning alphabets or may simply be plain curious about them from the age of two. Reading out alphabets and reciting their sounds form the foundation of kindergarten learning. If you want your child to not feel lost during his kindergarten and preschool years, here's what you need to know.
When should you Start Teaching your Child Letters?
Ideally speaking, you should start teaching your kids the letters when they turn two. Some kids may display interest early on and pick up quickly, but it's best to start exposing them to alphabets from the age of 15 months. If you can keep your kids interested and make alphabet learning fun and engaging, they'll pick up in no time!
Fun Ways to Teach Alphabets to Pre-Schoolers
Ever faced a rebellious toddler or a feisty little munchkin who simply won't bow to the wonders of the alphabet? Fear not, we've got you covered. Here are 10 fun alphabet activities for kindergarten kids:
1. Make It Fun
Nobody likes learning boring stuff so why should your kid either? One of the best ways on how to teach the alphabet to a 4 year old is by showing him alphabet cartoon-based videos. Hook, line, and sinker.
2. Sing It
Sometimes singing out alphabet-based songs just hits the spot. Sing out each alphabet and help your child recognise each letter. Singing also engages them and grabs their attention.
3. Picture Books
Your toddler learns to see and observe his surroundings before he even starts speaking. Prop him up on your lap with a delightful picture book before bedtimes and have some fun learning each individual alphabet together!
4. Alphabet Splash
Do you have a fence? Great! Just write down the letters of the alphabet on the fence using chalk or something similar. Get a water squirter and ask your little ones to fire at the letters of their names. Once they are done, ask them to squirt to form the letters of their family members or name out their siblings.
5. Sandpaper Alphabets
Get a stack of sandpaper letters and ask your kids to use their finger to trace them. This is a sensory plus visual activity that they simply love doing, and it's also something they teach in the Montessori method as part of learning the basics of reading.
6. Puzzle Games
Get a few varieties of rich, illustrated alphabet puzzles and ask your kid to fit in pieces. Solving puzzles builds their vocabulary and is an awesome way to introduce them to different alphabets.
7. Teach Their Name
A good way to introduce your little one to the alphabet is by teaching them their names, letter by letter. Get them familiarized with theirs truly first and move on to their friends and siblings.
8. Letter of The Week
One letter every week and fun-filled activities that revolve around it. It's that simple. From showing how to teach a child alphabet recognition by tracing alphabets and their respective picture-filled shapes, to reading books and doing simple fine motor activities, creating a letter-themed day of the week is sure to get their creative juices flowing.
9. Repetition Is Key
Make sure you come back to the same alphabet every once in a while. Even if your child doesn't consciously soak in the details, his subconscious will be switching gears and be absorbing the nuances of letters and language on an intuitive level.
10. Arts and Crafts
Another fun game to do is sketch out the alphabets or letters whenever they're learning something new. Some letters are a bit more difficult than the rest, and it pays to make crafts or origami around them. Get some coloured jewels, sticky tape and delightful stickers and other crafts supplies for a fun-filled family activity that involves creating artsy-shaped letters and remembering them. Your kids will love it!
Learning the alphabets gets as easy as 1,2,3 provided you do it step-by-step and go slow and steady. Children can sometimes be quick learners while the rest may learn a little slow due to their lack of interest. Keep things fun, make it interesting, and your kids will literally pick up the pace and enjoy learning something new.
Also Read:
How to Teach Colors to Kids
Best Age to Start Preschool for Kids
Learning Activities for Toddlers Read more
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Facial Bleach during Pregnancy - Risks and Precautions
When you are pregnant, you are extra careful about the medication that you encounter, since this medication can affect the baby. In the same manner, the use of some chemicals which fall under the category of cosmetics should be given a thought before using. During pregnancy, the changes that happen in your body can lead to more hair growth or darkened skin due to increase in hormones called androgens. Increase in hair growth on the cheeks, chin, and lips especially after the second trimester (sixth month) might make you use the face bleaching products. These products are mainly skin bleaching agents which are the most common treatment for facial hair as it lightens the pigmentation of facial hair. But is bleaching during pregnancy safe? Does that worry you?
Is Facial Bleach Safe during Pregnancy?
Can I bleach my face during pregnancy? This is a something that must have crossed your mind. Bleaching agents are basically a chemical substance. These chemical substances have a drug-like action which lightens the skin. It interferes with enzymatic processes that lead to the production of melanin (which darkens the skin). The active ingredients used are hydroquinone, hydrogen peroxide with ammonia, potent steroids and glutathione. There always remains a risk of applying chemicals in pregnancy. Some of these are discussed in this article.
Risks of Bleaching when Pregnant
The first trimester is crucial during pregnancy because it is the phase where all the vital organs of the baby are formed. Therefore, babies are at risk.
One may induce symptoms of vomiting with the fumes and smells of chemicals.
Anything that you apply on the skin tends to seep inside your body through the pores present on the skin, though in a very less amount
During pregnancy skin becomes sensitive and itchy, it is advisable to rest the bleaching sessions to avoid adverse reactions on the skin.
As mentioned above, some bleach may also contain steroids and hydroquinone; these ingredients can cause low birth weight in babies. Hydroquinone also comes under category C, which means that it is clinically proven and tested to induce birth defects in animals, causing stillbirth, low birth weight but not conclusive that same effect can be seen in humans.
Symptoms of Bleach Poisoning in Pregnancy
Vomiting and nausea
Eye issues and itching or rashes on the skin
Shortness of breath
The feeling of chest tightness
Breathing problems like coughing and wheezing (a symptom of bleach poisoning).
Natural and Herbal Bleaching Methods while Pregnant
The above-mentioned facts may discourage you from using bleaching agents during pregnancy. However, the truth is that you can still use bleaching agents even if you are pregnant. The bleaching agents who are and natural and are without any side effects. Some of the natural face bleach in pregnancy are:
Use of tomato juice, it acts as a bleaching agent and lightens your facial hairs. Apply the juice for 15-20 mins and then wash it with normal water.
Mix milk and smashed ripe papaya, the combination of these two ingredients is a natural bleach.
Use of turmeric and milk paste will also help in lightening hair on the face.
Lemon with honey can also be a natural bleach for facial hairs.
Precautions to Take while Bleaching in Pregnancy
Before skin bleaching, during pregnancy, a patch test on a small area of the face to check irritation or allergy is recommended. This is because during pregnancy skin becomes sensitive due to hormonal change.
Rinse the face with cold water; it will help in minimizing the bleaching agent to seep into the skin as cold water helps pore shrinkage.
To prevent from inhaling strong bleaching fumes, it is advisable to sit in a well-ventilated area.
Reduce the bleaching time on the face.
If your skin is itchy or has rashes, never ever apply the bleach.
Use a bleach which has mild bleaching agents especially which are of good brands and not a local one.
Facial bleach done by a professional person will be advisable rather than opting to do it yourself.
Lastly, consult your doctor before using bleach, as it is the kind of chemical which can interfere with pregnancy.
Pregnancy for a mother is the most delicate phase of life. Therefore, care and concern is always a priority, but that doesn’t mean that beauty and care should be neglected. Use of natural products can guaranty beauty as well as the safety of the baby’s health.
Also Read: Facial during Pregnancy Read more
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Nitu patel
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Neonatal Infections
Most newborns come into the world as healthy babies, but sometimes for the remaining few, that isn't the case. Your baby's immune system is developing and compromised in the early stages of birth, right from pregnancy, which is why he may be susceptible to some of the most common neonatal infections. Here's what you need to know.
Most Common Neonatal Infections
A neonatal infectious disease may occur during pregnancy inside the womb or after delivery as well. Here are some neonatal infections you need to be aware of, including their causes, symptoms, and risk factors.
1. Group B Streptococcal Disease
Group B Streptococcal Disease is an infection that babies contract from inside mothers' wombs.
What is It?
An infection caused by a certain bacteria that's present in the vagina or rectum, it is passed on to the newborn right before birth.
Symptoms
The symptoms of this infection are-
Listlessness
Cranky attitude
Feeding problems
High body temperature
Difficulty breathing
Risks
Risks associated with this disease include-
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Bacteraemia (blood infections)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Your baby's doctor may collect blood, urine or cerebrospinal fluid samples to analyze the culture. Treatment is done through antibiotics under careful supervision and monitoring inside the hospital.
2. Listeriosis
Babies contract listeriosis only if mothers are infected with its bacteria during pregnancy.
What is It?
Listeriosis monocytogenes is an infection that leads to other diseases like pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Listeriosis primarily originates from unpasteurized food and improperly cooked meals.
Symptoms
They are similar to Group B Streptococcal Disease (GBS) and include:
Fever
Muscle Aches
Diarrhoea
Risks
Risk factors for listeriosis are-
Premature Delivery
Stillbirth
Pneumonia
Sepsis
Meningitis
Diagnosis and Treatment
Blood samples are collected for diagnosis. Treatment usually follows the use of antibiotics for eliminating the bacteria in babies.
3. Meningitis
Meningitis is a disease that occurs during the neonatal phase or after birth in babies. It is passed down from bacteria, fungi, and other viruses.
What is It?
Meningitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the membranes that surround the spine and the baby's brain. A baby with a weak immune system can contract this disease from his surroundings through exposure to germs.
Symptoms
Meningitis can be identified through symptoms such as-
Crying
Lethargy
Excessive sleeping
Problems while feeding
Irregular body temperature
Difficulty breathing
Rashes
Jaundice
Diarrhoea
Risks
Risk factors associated with meningitis are-
Death
Learning impairment
Kidney damage
Memory problems
Loss of hearing
Diagnosis and Treatment
Your doctor may take blood samples, or run an MRI or CT scan for diagnosing meningitis. The treatment will depend on the type and degree of meningitis your baby has. Most cases of meningitis are resolved with a combination of antibiotics, antiviral medications.
4. E-Coli Infection
E-Coli infection is known as the Escheria-Coli infection. It originates from E-Coli bacteria that is found in every human being.
What is It?
It's an infection that causes urinary tract infections in babies and newborns encounter it when birthed through the birthing canal. E-Coli infections may be contracted from environments such as homes and hospitals.
Symptoms
Symptoms of E-Coli infections include-
Fever
Lack of appetite
Listlessness
Unexpected fussiness
Risks
Risks associated with this infection include-
Damages intestinal linings
Life-threatening kidney failure
Diagnosis and Treatment
Samples of your little one's stool will be collected for diagnosing and confirming the presence of an E-coli infection. Currently, there is no treatment available for this infection, and supportive care includes getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated.
5. Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is referred to as 'pink eye' and is an infectious disease that spreads to other babies as well.
What is It?
When your little one's eyes get inflamed due to a viral or bacterial infection, it is called conjunctivitis.
Symptoms
The following are the symptoms of conjunctivitis in babies-
Swollen eyes
Redness in the eyes
Discharge
Risks
The only risk associated with conjunctivitis is vision impairment if left untreated.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Usually, conjunctivitis is diagnosed through lab tests by collecting discharge samples from the eyes. Treatment, in most cases, is done at home by using a combination of antibiotics and eye drops. In severe cases, babies are hospitalized.
6. Candidiasis
Newborns acquire candidiasis through vaginal delivery or when they're breastfed. It is caused due to the overgrowth of the yeast candida that's found in the body.
What is It?
Candidiasis is an infection that reveals itself in the form of diaper rashes or oral thrush in babies.
Symptoms
Symptoms of candidiasis are-
Vagina rash
Pain in the vagina
Irritation and itching of the vulva
Thick, white, odourless discharge from the vagina or watery discharges
Risks
Risks associated with this infection are-
Weakened immune system
Nappy rash
Diagnosis and Treatment
Your doctor will take a sample from your baby's mouth using a swab to diagnose this infection and send it for lab tests. Treatment is basically using antifungal medications like miconazole and nystatin in babies after feeding or drinking.
7. Sepsis
Sepsis is an infection that turns into a life-threatening complication when allowed to spread throughout the body. Children with a weak/compromised immune system are prone to it.
What is It?
When chemicals that have been released in the body fail to fight infections and instead trigger inflammatory responses on the inside, different organs begin to fail, and sepsis occurs. Sepsis, in severe cases, even leads to death.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Sepsis are-
Decrease in urination
Mood swings or sudden psychological changes
Breathing problems
Irregular heartbeat
Pain in the abdomen
Risks
Risks associated with sepsis are-
Multiple organ failures
Blood clots
Sepsis shock
Low blood pressure
Death
Diagnosis and Treatment
The doctor may collect blood or urine samples for running lab tests to confirm a sepsis diagnosis. Alternatively, an X-ray, urine, and blood tests may be done for signs of blood clots or organ failure. Treatment involves early aggressive treatment in the hospital for the early stages of sepsis, starting them off on antibiotics even before the diagnosis is confirmed, then moving on to blood pressure medicines and IV fluids if the situation calls for it.
8. Influenza
Influenza is contagious and can be spread from person to person. If your baby comes in contact with someone with influenza or touches objects which are infected with its virus, they get influenza.
What is Influenza?
Influenza is referred to as the 'flu' in babies and is more than just mild fever. In severe cases, it turns into a deadly complication why is why protecting babies from it is crucial.
Symptoms
Symptoms of influenza are-
A runny nose
Muscle aches
Shakes and chills in the body
Fever
Fatigue
Risks
Risks associated with influenza for babies are-
Not staying hydrated
Lack of appetite
Fussiness
Difficulty breathing
Fever with rash
Diagnosis and Treatment
Influenza is diagnosed by its physical symptoms, such as fever lasting 2 weeks or more. Your doctor may prescribe antiviral medications to your little one for a speedy cure and treatment. Alternatively, you can get your baby a flu shot as a preventive measure for extra protection.
9. Neonatal Herpes
Neonatal herpes is a serious infection in babies and is contracted from the mother during vaginal birth. If you've already had the infection 6 weeks into your pregnancy, your baby will definitely get it.
What is It?
Neonatal herpes is an infection that causes illness in babies with a compromised immune system. It primarily causes fatigue and a lack of interest to eat in newborns.
Symptoms
The symptoms of this infection are-
Not eating
Rapid breathing
Difficulty breathing
Bluish tongue and skin
Rashes
Lethargy
Listlessness
Risks
Risks associated with this infection are-
Blindness
Death
Learning impairments
Seizures
Spasticity
Diagnosis and Treatment
Your doctor will collect samples of blisters and spinal cord fluids to diagnose herpes. Urine or blood tests may be done, including an MRI scan for further diagnostic testing.
For mild cases of herpes, acyclovir is used for early treatment to prevent the spread of the infection. For severe cases, treatment is carried out in the hospital.
10. German Measles
German Measles is commonly referred to as 'Rubella' and is caused by the Rubella virus. It's a mild infection that affects kids with underdeveloped immune systems.
What is It?
German measles is a viral infection that spreads when someone infected with it comes in contact with your newborn.
Symptoms
Its symptoms are-
Pink or red rash
Muscle aches
A headache
Runny or stuffy nose
Mild fever (below 102 degrees Fahrenheit)
Red eyes
Swollen lymph nodes
Stiff neck
Earache
Risks
Its risks and complications are-
Heart abnormalities
Growth defects
Intellectual impairment
Poor functioning of organs
Stillbirths
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors detect this virus though lab tests of blood samples or virus cultures. For pregnant mothers, treatment is staying at home and taking antibodies like hyperimmune globulin. Babies who are affected by the Rubella virus will require treatment from a team of medical specialists at the hospital.
11. Congenital Syphilis
Congenital Syphilis occurs inside the womb during pregnancy. It is very contagious in nature and affects newborns.
What is It?
It is a life-threatening infection that's passed on from moms to babies.
Symptoms
Its symptoms are-
Fever
Irritability
No weight gain
Saddle nose
Rash
Risks
Its risks are-
Severe neurological defects
Miscarriage
Stillbirth
Diagnosis and Treatment
Blood tests are used for diagnosing this infection. The only available treatment option for this infection is taking penicillin injections.
Is It Possible to Prevent Neonatal Infections?
Yes. It is possible to prevent neonatal infections by taking flu shots or the recommended antibodies. Get yourself checked up at the hospital before pregnancy to detect signs of any these infections. Additional tips for preventing neonatal infections include-
Practising safe intercourse
Maternal testing
Properly cooking and pasteurizing food
Washing hands before and after meals
A nutritious diet and a healthy lifestyle
Avoiding contact with others affected by any of these infections
Neonatal infections can be prevented by leading a healthy lifestyle and practising proper hygiene. Be aware of these infections and get yourself an appointment for a maternal check-up before following through your pregnancy.
Also Read: How to Deal with Congenital Nystagmus in Babies Read more
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4 'Women' Things Men Just Never Get!
From intense labour pains to menstrual cycles, women have to deal with so much! Whatever men say or do, there are things about women that men will never understand. Gear up to see what men fail to decipher about women, no matter how much they truly try!
While you may share an amazing understanding with your man, he is still in the dark about a lot of girlie things. He may know about menstrual cycles and your shoe obsession, but could be clueless about the woes of chipped nails or your belt not matching your bag. Don't twitch your nose, just yet! To be clear, here is a list of things men don't really get about women.
4 Girly Things Your Man is Clueless About
1. Cramp Confusion
Your menstrual cycle or months of pregnancy can make you wince. Sometimes, the pain can make you cry and shriek too. While men understand the bookish knowledge that leads to your cramps, they may not understand the intensity of the pain you've to deal with. Cramps can leave men in a daze and how!
2. Discriminatory Actions by Superiors
Your man may see nothing sexist in the way your management feels you're taking too many leaves because of your baby. Or what’s wrong in your not becoming the boss even after years in the same company. You may be mad about the discriminatory behaviour coming your way, but only a handful of men appreciate gender parity and the fuss we've to fight at work.
3. Make Up Your Mind, Please
You need to look good. Period. But he will forever gripe about "never-ending" makeup application before leaving for that "has-to-be-boring" party! Men are totally confused when you want to wear a lipstick that matches the shade of your top and when you're aiming for that perfectly winged eyeliner in the mirror. Relax. It's just the long wait while you get ready in front of the mirror that tires him out.
4. What's That Word?
How can your school time girlfriend rate as a "creep"? Is this word not meant solely for those spineless, measly looking creatures on walls and floors? They frown when you utter “creep” after a nasty parent comments on the way your baby’s teething. Men can also fail to understand how women use words such as "cute" or even "cheesy". It's biological; give your man a break.
From shopping in 6-inches of heels to wearing a backless dress without the bra straps showing, men can be left quite confused and shocked with the way women function. While the things about women men don't understand are funny, you know you can't do without hubby dear. He loves you to the moon and back - yes, even after being clueless about a ton of girlie things! Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Mom of a 1 yr 9 m old child
4 hours ago
Q. hi mam , my baby 1 year and 9 month old just now onwards stop breast feeding .pls suggest formula milk to my baby
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
4 hours ago
A. your baby is more than 1 year 9 months of age any milk including buffalo milk cows milk ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
4 hours ago
Q. #AskTheExpert hello dr.
baby planning kar rhi kuch tips btayiye conceive ho jaye
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
4 hours ago
A. it's a natural process ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
2 hours ago
Q. when baby is kick? I'm 13 weeks pregnant
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
2 hours ago
A. during first pregnancy you may feel the baby movements after 24 to 25 weeks of pregnancy and till then only mild flatters may be felt but which you may not be feeling if you are doing some work
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 2 months
2 hours ago
Q. I’m in my 31 week 1 day of pregnancy. What will be my delivery date??
As I have low lying placenta with grade 1 maturity.
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. you had to correlate is ultrasound examination. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 2 months
2 hours ago
Q. My hemoglobin is 6.4 from 28 weeks of pregnancy. Now I’m 31 weeks pregnant. What should I do?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
1 hour ago
A. Haven’t when you having some kind of iron supplement because they’re very good during the time of pregnancy if you are not having one you need to start with and whatever tabs you take you should just take it with any good juice specially pomegranate juice that’s going to help in doubling the impact of the medicine that you’re taking secondly try and include more of Iron which diet like spinach broccoli beetroot pomegranate black rice sweet potato these things are exceptionally healthy for you to consume
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 2 months
1 hour ago
Q. This is my cbc report
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
1 hour ago
A. No there is nothing visible on my wall so I can really really cannot help you can you please repose the question once again providing all the necessary details as once I’m certain what are you talking about what’s mentioned in the report according to that I can provide you proper help on your question
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