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Breast Milk Storage after Pumping
Given the complications and busyness of modern life, expressing breastmilk for storage has become increasingly common. Particularly after maternity leave as women re-enter the workforce, it is common for them to pump and store their breastmilk. How you store breastmilk, however, depends on how you want to use it and when.
What Types Of Containers Should You Use To Store Breastmilk?
There are two common ways to store breastmilk: bottle and bag. More specifically, most women will choose to store breastmilk either in a plastic or glass bottle, or in a sterile, sealable bag. These will then get placed into the refrigerator or the freezer, where they will remain until used for feeding.
How Much Breastmilk Should You Store In Each Container?
It is recommended that most women only store the amount of breastmilk that they are going to use in a given feeding session. For instance, if your baby consumes roughly five ounces of breastmilk during a given feeding session, you should store that amount in each container. In general, most women will need to store milk in small quantities between one and five ounces. This is particularly important if you are freezing breastmilk, as it does not make sense to unthaw breastmilk and store it again.
How Long Can Breastmilk Be Stored?
It is important that breastmilk does not go bad and lose the many health benefits it provides. Because of this, there are many guidelines for the storage of breastmilk, particularly with respect to breastmilk storage time. There is also a difference between expressed breastmilk storage and pumped breastmilk storage.
How To Store Breastmilk? - Storage Guidelines
The following guidelines apply for how to store breastmilk at home in both refrigerated and frozen environments:
You can store your breastmilk at room temperature (up to 25 degrees Celsius) for a maximum of four hours.
At temperatures below four degrees Celsius), you can store breastmilk in the fridge for up to 24 hours. In colder climates or regions, breastmilk can sometimes remain in the refrigerator for three to five days, but in hot climates, the opening and closing of refrigerator doors makes longer storage more difficult.
In smaller refrigerators with only a freezer compartment, it is recommended to keep breastmilk for only two weeks.
In an insulated cooler or box filled with ice-packs (such as the one you might transport to and from work), you should only keep breastmilk stored for a maximum of 24 hours.
In a freezer (temperatures of around -18 degrees Celsius), breastmilk can generally be stored for three to six months, taking into account the opening and closing of the freezer and the climate you are located in.
Table 1: Breast Milk Storage Chart
Freshly expressed milk
Warm room
80-90°F/27-32°C
Up to 4 hours
Room temperature
61-79°F/16-26°C
Up to 8 hours
(less is better)
Insulated cooler with ice packs
59°F/15°C
Up to 24 hours
Refrigerated milk (Store away from door)
Refrigerator (fresh milk)
32-39°F/0-4°C
Up to 8 days
(under 3 days is best)
Refrigerator (thawed milk)
32-39°F / 0-4°C
Up to 24 hours
Frozen milk (Store at back, away from door)
Freezer compartment of small refrigerator
Varies
Up to 2 weeks
Self-contained freezer unit of a refrigerator/freezer
<39°F / <4°C
Up to 6 months
Separate deep freeze
0°F / -18°C
Up to 12 months
(6 months ideal)
How To Freeze Breastmilk?
Breastmilk should be frozen as soon as possible after it has been expressed, and stored at temperatures of around -18 degrees Celsius.
The following rules and recommendations apply for breastmilk that is being frozen:
If you are freezing the milk, leave some space at the top of the bag, since frozen milk will often expand during freezing.
Never store the breastmilk uncovered, and make sure that bags or bottles are sealed tightly.
Frozen, stored milk will often separate, so when it is removed just make sure to give a little shake to get it to mix back together again once it has been taken out of storage.
Store frozen milk at the back of the freezer; this will minimize contact with outside temperatures and allow the milk to be frozen for the longest period possible.
How Can You Thaw Frozen Breastmilk?
To thaw breastmilk, you should keep the breastmilk in the refrigerator and let it sit for around 12 hours. This is usually best done overnight and in advance of the day where you will need to feed your baby, given the time involved in the thawing process.
The following rules and recommendations apply to the thawing of breastmilk:
You should avoid, whenever possible, leaving the breastmilk out at room temperatures to thaw.
Never refreeze breastmilk that has already been thawed.
For faster thawing, it is acceptable to keep the breastmilk under hot water and slowly increase the temperature as means of thawing.
Never attempt to put the breastmilk on the stove or in the microwave as a means to thaw the milk.
How To Warm Breastmilk?
To warm breastmilk, you should place it in a container of hot water where it can absorb heat from some of the surrounding liquid. First, heat up the water, that you are going to use, in a small container. Then, place the container of frozen milk in the container to warm up.
The following rules and recommendations apply for the thawing of breastmilk:
If you just want to heat up the milk for your child’s consumption, try using a bottle warmer.
Never heat up breastmilk by placing it on the stove or in the microwave.
You should not try to store again breastmilk which has been already warmed.
How To Store Thawed Breastmilk?
Thawed breastmilk should be stored in the refrigerator, as it is usually best to keep the milk at cooler temperatures at all times.
Milk that has thawed in the refrigerator should only be kept there for a maximum of 24 hours after thawing has completed. (This will usually mean 36 hours after you first place from the freezer into the refrigerator to thaw.)
You should not attempt to refreeze thawed breastmilk.
Only thaw as much breastmilk as your child will consume during a given day, otherwise, it will likely go bad (and it will not be as fresh).
What About the Taste And Odour Of Thawed Breastmilk?
Breastmilk has generally not gone bad unless it tastes sour or smells particularly bad. Most children will not notice smell or odour, and they would react more to a sour taste than to smell. Some milk will specifically go bad because of lipase, a normal breastmilk enzyme that some mothers will produce in higher quantities than others. When thawed, this can cause the breastmilk to smell rancid or soapy, but this will often go unnoticed by infants (though some will refuse to drink it). Changes in the smell and odour of breastmilk can also be the result of changes in the mother’s diet or health (such as through medications, diet, drinking or smoking).
How Can You Store Breastmilk At Work?
You can store breastmilk at work by refrigerating it in sealed containers and then transporting it to your home in small coolers that are refrigerated with ice packs. You should always make sure to clearly label it, both so that it is easier to store when you get home, and so that it is not confused if in public storage. You should always try to store transported breastmilk as soon as possible after arriving home.
Can You Add Fresh Expressed Breast Milk To Stored Frozen Breast Milk?
You can add recently expressed breastmilk to frozen or refrigerated milk, but only if you expressed it earlier in the same day. Nevertheless, you should cool the expressed breastmilk before adding it to frozen or chilled breastmilk that you had already expressed. You should never add warm breastmilk to frozen milk, as this will cause it to thaw and affect its lifespan.
More Storage Tips
The following are some other general tips for the storage and use of breastmilk:
Breastmilk can vary in colour. Some milk will appear bluish, yellowish, or sometimes even brownish.
It is normal for breastmilk to separate (with the fatty cream often moving towards the top. Give it a small shake to get it to mix back together.
You should smell the milk before feeding it your baby; if it smells particularly bad, you should not give it to them.
Always consider exactly how much breastmilk you will need and store accordingly.
Make sure to label everything so that you do not waste breastmilk or use milk on different days (thus leading to the possibility of spoiling).
Breastmilk storage is an important reality of life for modern mothers, particularly those in the workplace. While it can be a complicated and time-consuming process, mothers should take care to ensure breastmilk is stored correctly and safely. There are many guidelines for how to do this, and they depend on the method of storage, the location of the storage unit and how much breastmilk you are storing. Paying attention to these conditions will allow the breastmilk to be kept for the longest amount of time possible, and allow for no degradation in quality for your child.
Also read: Most Common Breastfeeding Problems & Their Solutions Read more
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Kajal for Babies Eyes: Is It Safe?
Applying kajal to a baby’s eyes is a traditional Indian ritual, believed to ward off the evil eye and give protection against the strong sun rays. However, many mothers wonder whether kajal is safe for their baby’s eyes or not.
Is Kajal Good for Baby Eyes?
Even though applying kajal to a newborn baby is considered good by many Indian families, the truth is that it is an extremely harmful practice, with possibly negative consequences.
Reasons to Avoid Applying Kajal to your Newborn’s Eyes
Many commercially produced baby eye kajal products have high levels of lead in them. Lead is extremely harmful to the baby as too much lead in the body can affect the organs, the brain, and bone marrow, causing low IQ, anaemia, and convulsions.
While applying kajal to your baby’s eyes, if your hands are not hygienic, they may transfer infections to the baby. Also, you might accidentally hurt your baby’s eyes with your nails or fingers while rubbing the kajal on.
During a bath, kajal can mix with water, run down and block the opening between your baby’s eyes and nose, causing infections later on.
Kajal can also lead to watery eyes, irritation, itchiness and other allergies in your baby. In worse cases, it can damage your baby’s vision too.
Common Beliefs of Indian Families for Applying Kajal to Newborn’s Eyes
Applying kajal to a baby’s eyes will make his or her eyes bright, luminous and attractive
Applying kajal to a newborn’s eyes will ward off the evil eye
Kajal supposedly soothes and protects the eyes from the harsh sun and also prevents infections.
What is the Alternative to Kajal for an Infant’s Eyes?
The safest and best option is to apply a dot of kajal behind one of your baby’s eyes, at the hairline near the forehead or on the sole of your baby’s foot if you are particular about warding off the evil eye.
Go for kajal substitutes with organic ingredients.
Make your own Kajal at home. This can be done by using almond which is rich in Vitamin E, making it economical and good for the eyes. The steps to make your own kajal have been shared below.
Is it Safe to Use Store-Bought Kajal?
The answer is NO - it is not safe to use store-bought kajal. As mentioned before, most commercially available kajal products have a high amount of lead, excess amounts of which can cause anaemia, convulsions and lower IQ in children. The ingredients of store-bought kajal can cause itchiness and watery eyes in your baby.
Making Kajal At Home For Babies
Homemade kajal for babies is the right way to go if you want to protect your baby from the ill-effects of kajal but still follow the traditional beliefs. Making kajal at home is quite easy and does not require any fancy ingredients. Let us see how to do it.
What You Need
Two equal sized bowls with flat bottoms (you can use steel or anything heat-resistant)
One thick plate (preferably of brass)
Note: Take care to ensure that the plate and bowls are sterilized.
Ghee (few drops)
Matchbox
Diya (an oil lamp) and a wick
Castor oil (to burn the diya)
Knife
A small box to store the kajal
How To Make
Invert both bowls and place them flat on the floor with a small gap in between
Invert the plate and balance it on both the bowls, creating a bridge. This is where it becomes important to use flat-bottomed bowls so that the plate can balance on them, which will become difficult if you use round-bottomed ones.
Pour castor oil into the diya and arrange the wick in it. Light and place the diya under the bridge, below the plate.
The diya’s flame should be touching the plate. If this does not happen, use smaller sized bowls to decrease the height.
Wait for around 20 minutes
Taking care not to burn yourself, slowly lift the plate
You will observe black soot which has collected on the plate’s inverted surface
Scrape it carefully with a knife into the small box
Add a few ghee drops to make it into a paste
Store it in a cool place
Common Myth and Truth Related to Applying Kajal to Baby’s Eyes
Although the usage of kajal clearly has so many adverse effects, households still continue to apply it to their baby’s eyes. Here are a few myths associated with this practice and their corresponding facts busting those myths:
Kajal Makes Eyes And Eyebrows Of An Infant Longer
No, it doesn’t. The physical features of a baby’s face are determined by genes and genes alone. So no amount of kajal is going to stretch the muscles around the baby’s eye socket and make it bigger or longer.
Applying Kajal Will Help To Sleep Longer
Yes. Babies will sleep longer due to the cooling effect of the castor or almond oil mixed in with the kajal. However, as they already sleep for 18-19 hours a day, is there any point for a longer sleep than that?
Homemade Kajal Is Safe
No. Homemade kajal might be safer than store-bought ones but still contains carbon which is unsafe for the baby’s eyes. Also, infections can be passed from your fingertips to the baby’s eyes, during the process of application.
Kajal Helps To Protect Baby From The Evil Eye
This is purely a spiritual/traditional belief and has no scientific base.
Kajal Helps To Repair Baby’s Eye Form
No. If this was true, doctors would be prescribing them to patients. Kajal has no effect on a baby’s eye form whatsoever.
Whatever you decide to do, hygiene is the most important element to keep in mind while taking care of your baby. Remember that your baby’s eyes are naturally beautiful and applying kajal can cause damage to them. It is better to avoid than take the risk when your little one’s eyes are at stake.
Also Read:
Baby Eye Color – When Does it Change and More
Dark Circles Under A Baby’s Eyes
Swollen Eyes in Baby Read more
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20+ Fun Things to Do While on Maternity Leave
For a new mother, the first few weeks at home, looking after a newborn will be accompanied by a flood of emotions, a gamut of queries, and unconditional love for your baby. These initial days are plagued with lots of fun, learning, and anxiety as you find you’re bearing to being the best mother.
If you are a working woman, then your maternity leave is one precious sabbatical and paid holiday. With limited time with your little one in your hands, you want to make the best of it. There are plenty of maternity leave activities that one can do to make the most of every minute. Below are a few ways to enjoy maternity leave and make optimum use of it, so you will not regret it when you go back to work!
Amazing Things to Do on Maternity Leave Before Your Baby Arrives
Maternity leave could be the time when you bond with the baby and sort your home life to make sure that your transition back to work is smoother and easier. But it need not be restricted to just the main elements like fixing your nursery, visits to the pediatrician, immunizations, or making childcare arrangements when you return to work. Apart from the essential things to do on maternity leave, there are some other amazing things that one can explore to make the best of maternity leave.
1. Take Rest
Make sure to rest and get enough sleep whenever you can. Ample rest and sound sleep will help not just boost your health, but your baby’s too. Sleep will be less sound as days go by, and you need to make up for that. Try to get an afternoon nap after lunch.
2. Educate Yourself
There is a lot to catch up on. One of the best things to do on maternity leave is to educate yourself about everything. Invest in a course, watch videos about aspects of your job, parenting, or anything you like to enhance your knowledge. Read loads of books on parenting as that is one skill to learn about continuously.
3. Pray and Meditate
A powerful tool, meditation, and prayer could make a world of difference to your life post-delivery. It will help relieve the stress of handling a newborn and help cope with the additional responsibility.
4. Maintain Routine
While it is crucial to catch up on your sleep, it is equally important to maintain a routine. You could squeeze your reading, sorting out finances, cleaning, and other chores within the usual work hours. It is more important to try to stick to the 9 am – 5 pm routine (just like when you would be working). This will bring stability and a sense of achievement and satisfaction. It will help you stay physically and mentally active.
5. Walking and Deep Breathing
Walking and deep breathing are something you could start even before your baby is born. Indulge in walking for at least half-hour every day to keep your vitals in check and the growth of your baby. Deep breathing for about 15 minutes would help in providing oxygen to your baby. It is a practice that you can continue post-delivery too. It will serve as an exercise and de-stressor.
6. Pursue a Hobby
If you have been nurturing a desire to pursue a hobby for a long time and have been unable to do it because of a busy work schedule, then this is the time to start. Be it reading, writing, taking Zumba lessons, cooking, or cycling, earmark a particular time of the day to continue with it.
7. Check on Finances
With the arrival of a new baby, your finances will undoubtedly take a dip. Be it for buying clothes for your newborn, decorating the nursery, or purchasing daily essentials (nappies or shampoo), you will see your finances fast depleting. It is an excellent time to check your income and expenses and try totaling your balance sheet.
8. Speak to Insurance Companies
Not a fun activity, but it is an essential task. You may need to speak to your insurance company to include your child in your policies. There is plenty of paperwork that needs to be completed.
9. Arrange for Daycare
Without a doubt, if you intend to return to work, you would need to sort out child care. Start doing your homework about the different options available and how much it will cost you. This would help in preparing your finances when you return to work.
10. Prepare for Return to Work
If you have decided on a date to return to work, start getting into a strict routine closer to the date. Reduce your hours of sleep, prepare your child for a different routine and start making arrangements to balance your work and personal life.
11. Spend Time with Friends
Maternity leave is the best time to spend with your friends. Having a baby does not mean you have to give up your social life. Reach out to your friends and meet them for a night out or coffee.
12. Sort your Essentials List
With the new addition to your family, your shopping list will change drastically. It is an excellent time to add and delete things from your staple shopping list. You would need to account for the stock of nappies, baby food, toilet essentials that you would need every week. Try to make a list that will serve as a ready reckoner each time you go shopping.
Exciting Things to Do on Maternity Leave After the Baby Arrives
Maternity leave is not an easy time. With the anxiety of the baby’s arrival, maternity leave could be a time that would never seem enough. What to do after maternity leave? What should one do during maternity leave once the baby arrives? There are some exciting things that one can do once the baby arrives:
1. Make Mommy Friends and Groups
Becoming a mother could be an overwhelming time. Postpartum depression sets in, the stress of brand new parenthood could make it an isolating experience. If you happen to step out and bump into debutant mothers or mothers with newborns, strike a friendship with them. Try to create a group of mothers with newborns so that you can plan outings, meetings, visits to playgroups, and create a friend circle for your child too.
2. Arrange for a Professional Photoshoot
Babies grow so fast that it all disappears in a quick flash. You might want to capture the growth phases of your baby on camera. You could get a professional photographer to capture your baby every month and click some nice family pictures to decorate your wall.
3. Take your Baby Swimming
Your baby is never too young to swim. Sign up for baby swimming lessons. It would be an excellent exercise for you, and your baby will take to it like a moth to a flame. Swimming lessons are also a great way to meet other mums.
4. Keep Updating your Baby Journal
As you grow old, you will find it hard to remember the milestones your baby achieved. The first time they held hands, the first time they walked, the first time they waved, and so much more. Milestones like rolling over, babbling, and cooing are things that sometimes do not pop up when you are trying hard to remember. Be on top of recording the journal so that you have something to look back and smile at when your baby is all grown up. It could be a wonderful gift too.
5. Plan a Romantic Date with your Partner
Taking care of your relationship is just as important as looking after your newborn. Between changing diapers and sleepless nights, you might miss out on the romance and affection that you once shared as partners or husband and wife. Rekindle the lost magic by getting someone to babysit for a few hours and enjoying your time as a couple.
6. Music Lessons
Music has a profound impact on babies. From the time you start singing them those lullabies to sleep to tuning them to the nursery rhymes, music can be very engaging for babies. Sign up for tiny tot music lessons and get your baby to groove to fun tunes.
7. Travel
Do not stick to the stigma of the “no travel with babies” rule. The sooner you expose your baby to the outside world, the faster they will adapt. Plan a two-day break to a getaway and enjoy some fun moments with your partner and baby.
8. Binge-watch Movies and Favorite TV Shows
With OTT platforms streaming different movies and shows, you could just sit back and binge-watch the genre that you love. You could even catch up on your favorite films that you have not watched for a long time.
9. Pamper Yourself and give Yourself a Makeover
Get your partner to babysit and carve some me time for yourself. Book a day at the spa, or just book an appointment with a beauty salon to get your nails done or a haircut. It is incredible how you can feel confident and fabulous when you treat yourself to look good.
10. Prepare Meals
This is an excellent time to try out new recipes that are ideal for the baby and family. Once you get back to work, you might have to conjure up delectable meals and do not take long to prepare. You would definitely not want to spend all your time in the kitchen after returning from work. Search for recipes that are nutritious, healthy, and easy to prepare.
11. Build a Time Capsule
From storing first clothes, toys to accessories, you can build a time capsule that has things that will rekindle your memories. A memory for life, it will be fun and heartwarming when you visit it after long.
From fitness, food to frolicking with new mum friends, there is a lot you can do on your maternity leave. There are things you can do before having a baby when you have just started your leave, like planning your nursery, shopping for baby clothes, or packing your hospital bag. Then there are things you can do after the baby arrives- socializing with new mums, signing up for lessons, pursuing a hobby, and simply settling into a routine to get back to work.
The possibilities are endless. You just need to find your feet before you deliver and after, and you are set to go. There is no bespoke or one size fits all maternity leave itinerary. Feel free to explore what you think suits you best and try to squeeze the maximum out of time off from work. Make sure you have enough on your plate before personal and professional lives hit you like a ton of bricks!
Also Read:
Maternity Insurance Policy
Activities to do during Pregnancy
How to Apply for Maternity Leave Read more
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How to Train Your New Born - A Guide to First Time Mother
The arrival of a new born is always a blessing. To bring in a new life into this world from the mothers womb is gods best gift. A new born brings in lot of anxiety as to how will the new born be bought up. The new mothers are flooded with thoughts and ideas from all the elderly in the family. But in the end it is the mother who gives herself completely.
I still remember a famous phrase from a well known doctor who had once told me, If you want to bring up your child train the child like you train your pets. I was a bit flabbergasted at this idea but when the doctor explained to me in detail it really sounded sane. When we have pets at home we take them for a walk every morning for their routine potty time. The pets are trained in such a way thay every morning and evening their timings are fixed. They are also shown the placed where they have to do their potty. Once trained the pets are accustomed to the timing and routine. Its the same for kids. As a child is almost 10 months you need to regularly take him to the bathroom and train the child for their bathroom habits. Trust me new mothers once you train your children they will never have the habit of bed wetting. Another issue a new mother faces is how many times do I feed my child.
The doctor advised me on this too. He says If the child is hungry he/she will cry. No child can withstand hunger and sleep peacefully. If the child is sleeping peacefully that means his stomach is full. Sometimes mothers become too worried if the child is sleeping for longer hours. Mothers nothing to worry when the child is sleeping thats the best time you get your rest too.
Similarly in eating habits never make it a habit to feed your child showing TV or getting the child addicted to cartoons. Once you make it a habit tthr child will refuse to eat without seeing the channel. This keeps building in growing years of the children.
Another training to be given to the child is while putting to sleep. As new mothers we get very panicked at the slightest cry of the child and keep the child whole night in the lap thinking we are caring and comforting the baby. The child on the other hand is very smart and learns that a small cryband i will get to sleep in the lap whole night. Once the child completes 90 days make it a habit to put him sleep on the bed or cot. As i said in the beginning as you train that a how they adopt.
Hope you enjoyed my writeup
Will come up with lot of interesting tips on Parenting
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her. Read more
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
3 hours ago
Q. which bath tub is suitable for a new born baby
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
3 hours ago
A. the child should be comfortable in the bathtub and you can choose from one which is available in the shopping section and here you can ask questions related to the health of child and mother
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 5 months
2 hours ago
Q. Hlo
I have tailbone pain in the 5th month of pregnancy.. What is the reason for it? What should I do?
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. N simple pressure no problem. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
30 mins ago
Q. Hi, my AFI is 6.5...doctor suggested for induction...is it ok or shall I ask to wait for 2 weeks
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
28 mins ago
A. definitely the levels are very less there is need to take proper decision vif there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
27 mins ago
Q. how long should I give d3 syrup for babies
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
26 mins ago
A. you can give up to 6 months to one year also ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Priyanka Kalra has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
25 mins ago
Q. I got skin tags during pregnancy, what should I do for that..any cream recommendation...
Dr Priyanka Kalra
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
6 mins ago
A. wait a year. see a lot of brands are available to allure you. you should get prescription n adhere to products manuals. avoid too expensive and see to good brands with guarantee ok. for skin lesions avoid rough handling. try to put only medicated ointment. keep up with the doctor who can see and advise. don't miss on any medicine for best results.
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
24 mins ago
Q. what is the purpose of giving d3 syrup for babies
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
22 mins ago
A. you have to continue vitamin d3 supplement till you are not able to take the child in sunlight for at least 10 minutes daily.
before 1 year of age : if you are giving 400 units you have to give 1ml everyday and if you're giving 800 units you have to give 0.5 ml everyday.
the thing is that you have to keep the child in sunlight for at least 10 to 15 minutes daily between 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. for proper vitamin d exposure.
so if you are able to take the child in sunlight you can stop vitamin d supplement.
after 1 year of age vit d drops dosage is 0.7ml once a day from 800units vitamin d drops.
vitamin D is required for many metabolic processes in the child as well as for the growth and development of the bones and development of the tooth
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