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Cry It Out - Sleep Training Method for Babies
Experts believe that the ability to fall asleep on their own is an important life skill that babies must know and the ‘crying it out method’ is a good approach to sleep training which does just that. The idea behind the cry it out method is that by the time babies are six months or older, they are aware that crying results in being picked up, rocked and comforted, which leads to poor sleep associations during bedtime. But the CIO method discourages that and babies give up crying before bedtime within four or five nights of undergoing this training and learn to sleep on their own.
What is Cry It Out Method?
Cry it out method (CIO) is a sleep training approach devised for babies in which they are allowed to cry for a specific period of time before being comforted by the parent. CIO involves a variety of approaches and is often misunderstood as an approach where a baby is let alone to cry for as long as it takes before falling asleep. More appropriately called ‘graduated extinction’; the idea behind it is to teach the baby to soothe herself to sleep when placed in bed without the presence of a parent.
What is the Ferber Method?
The Ferber method is the most popular of the CIO approaches. Developed by Dr. Richard Ferber to solve sleep problems in infants, the method became popular as Ferberizing after the publication of his book Solve your Child’s Sleep Problems in 1985. Ferber says that is it possible to teach babies to soothe themselves to sleep between the ages 3 and 5 months when they are physically and emotionally ready.
Benefits of Cry It Out Method
As opposed to popular belief, practising CIO method does not mean that you are a ‘bad parent’ for letting your baby cry uncontrollably. In fact, the method is practised in a set pattern and has clear how-tos of going about it. CIO also has several benefits, some of which are listed below:
1. Lesser Stress on Babies
In a recent study conducted on infants trained in the CIO method, researchers found lower levels of cortisol, also known as the stress hormone. Decreased stress levels correlated with better sleep throughout the night with less or no disturbance in between.
2. Good for the Parent’s Mental and Emotional Wellbeing
The same study tested for stress in parents, and found that not having to wake up at multiple times in the night to soothe their crying child, meant that the parents were lesser stressed as well. This improves their mental health and motivates them to be better at raising their infants.
3. Babies Fall Asleep Faster
CIO method starts showing results in a matter of days and after about a week of training, babies are known to fall asleep within 15 minutes of being in their crib. Experts believe that falling asleep alone is an important skill in life and the CIO makes it possible to develop that.
4. Does not Affect Baby’s Long-term Behaviour or Social Skills
Contrary to popular belief, cry it out trained babies show no difference in behavioural traits and social skills from their non-cry counterparts as shown by long-term analysis.
5. Recommended by the American Academy of Paediatrics
The American Academy of Paediatrics considers CIO methods for infant sleep training as safe and recommends it to parents and physicians to try it out.
Theory Behind Cry It Out Method
The theory behind why cry it out works for babies is that when given the opportunity, it is possible for babies to fall asleep on their own and is a skill that can be mastered in time. A baby who is rocked or nursed to sleep every day won’t learn to fall asleep on her own without these routines in place. This could be a problem when they wake up in the middle of the night as part of their regular sleep cycle. When they find that their parents are not around, it becomes a cause for concern and they stay awake and cry rather than going back to sleep.
On the other hand, babies trained in this method can soothe themselves to sleep when they wake up at night or during a nap. The method sees crying as a side effect and not the goal, as the baby gets used to sleeping on her own. At first, the training seems to make it worse, but the short-term discomfort endured by the baby and the parents is outweighed by the long-term benefits of a baby who sleeps effortlessly on her own and the parents getting a good night’s rest.
How Quickly Does the CIO Method Work?
Most parents who have tried the method report that it works steadily over three to four nights and babies fall asleep with fewer bursts of crying by the time the training reaches seven days.
Steps to Perform in Ferber Method
The method can be tried between the ages 4 and 6 months when the baby is physically and emotionally ready for a full night’s sleep.
Step 1: Place your baby in her crib while she is sleepy but still awake.
Step 2: Say goodnight to her and leave the room even if she is crying. Give it about 3 minutes and let her cry.
Step 3: Go back into the room while the lights are still off and pat your baby reassuringly with a quiet soothing voice for no more than two minutes. Leave the room again even if t she continues to cry.
Step 4: Follow the same routine, but this time stay out of the room a little longer before returning to reassure your baby and leaving while she is still awake or crying.
Step 5: Continue the routine with longer time intervals until your little one falls asleep while you’re out of the room.
Step 6: If your baby wakes up in the middle of the night and cries, restart the routine from the minimum time interval and repeating until the maximum interval for the night is achieved.
Step 7: Increase the time interval between each visit every day. In most cases, a baby goes to sleep on her own by the third or fourth night or a week at the most according to Ferber. If your baby is still resistant after a few days, give her a break for a few weeks and try again.
Ferber Method Chart
Day
First interval
Second Interval
Third and subsequent intervals.
One
3 min
5 min
10 min
Two
5 min
10 min
12 min
Three
10 min
12 min
15 min
Four
12 min
15 min
17 min
Five
15 min
17 min
20 min
Six
17 min
20 min
25 min
Seven
20 min
25 min
30 min
Ferber Method Alternatives
Ferber’s CIO method is extremely popular and effective in most cases. However, there are other methods available to help your baby sleep independently. Here are a few of them:
1. Modified Ferber Method
This variant of the Ferber method involves checking on the baby at every five minutes interval. Unlike the original Ferber method, the waiting time to soothe a baby is kept at a constant of five minutes until the baby falls asleep. It’s also called the controlled cry it out method as once the baby stops crying, the parent can check on the baby only when she cries again.
2. The No Tears Method
In this method, the baby is put in a crib and a parent sits next to the baby on a chair until she falls asleep. The following night, the parent sits a little further away from the crib. The distance is gradually increased every night and the chair is just left in the room eventually giving a false assurance to the baby that the parent is close to her watching.
3. The Sleep Lady Shuffle
This is a modification of the No Tears method in which the parent increases the distance of their chair to eventually placing it outside the door and yet sitting on it till the baby is asleep. The following night, the door is left open and the chair is left at the door, but the parent is not on it.
4. Bedtime Fading Method
The idea behind this method is that a tired baby sleeps better. The parents wait for the baby to be totally exhausted and fall asleep. The baby is then put in the crib and her sleep time is noted. This routine is repeated every day at the same time which sets up the baby’s schedule to sleep at the specified time and sleep without much fuss.
5. The Weissbluth Method
Perhaps the harshest of all the CIO methods, this method is similar to the Ferber method. The baby is put in her crib at the first sign of drowsiness and allowed to cry unattended no matter how distressing her cries are. The baby is left completely on her own to fall asleep.
Tips from Parents & Experts for Trying Cry It out Method
1. Discuss with your Partner and Develop a Plan
Both the parents need to be ready to cooperate and take turns to help each other out in the sleep training. It is best when both have enough time on their hands and are not caught up with work, business trips or visiting relatives that could upset the schedule. On the emotional front, both the partners need to have an understanding and how to proceed so they can support each other during rough patches.
2. Maintain a Bedtime Routine
With activities such as a bath, a lullaby or a book reading session, build activities up to the sleep time and maintain the routine so the child can get accustomed to it and fall asleep easily.
3. Prepare Yourself for Disappointments
Your baby may not be ready for the sleep training and it may not work initially. However, try again after a few weeks. There will be plenty of sleepless nights while the baby will wake up in the middle of the night and you will have to repeat the whole routine again.
4. Expect Relapses
Even when the baby is fully trained to sleep on a regular schedule, it might regress during times of illness or when travelling.
5. Stick to the Plan and Make It a Team Effort
Consistency is the key. Once the routine is established, it’s important to follow through unless the baby isn’t up to it physically or emotionally and then the training can be put on hold. Even when she wakes up in the middle of the night and the urge is strong to rock her to sleep, start over from square one. Discuss with your partner on taking turns and planning on what role each one of you plays during the training.
Do’s and Don’ts of Cry It Out
Do explore other methods of sleep training and try the existing CIO methods with variations that suit you and your baby. Since all babies are different, and the same approach may not work for all, try a modification that works.
Do make sure that the child isn’t crying for reasons such as hunger, pain or the need for a diaper change before bedtime.
Don’t try the method with babies younger than six months of age. It is better to start with other gentler approaches while they are young.
Don’t try CIO with babies that are sick or are teething. Babies tend to wake up in the middle of the night and the training would add to stress and anxiety.
Don’t force the baby to adapt to the sleep routine. They may need some time to adapt to it and if it doesn’t work the first time, give it a break and try again when they are a little older.
Drawbacks of Cry It Out
While there are pros and cons to this method, there isn’t enough research done either way to support or to contradict the CIO approach strongly. Some of the drawbacks of the method are:
1. It May Cause Brain Damage
Ignoring your baby’s cry might cause damage to the brain’s neurons which can lead to hypersensitivity due to trauma in the long run. Since infants need to be frequently touched and given plenty of attention, the lack of it could alter the way in which the nervous system functions.
2. Babies Could have Prolonged Stress
Another body of research which challenges the ‘low infant stress’ hypothesis shows that babies undergoing CIO sleep training have elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol. This persists even after sleeping and can have negative repercussions on the baby during her waking hours.
3. Affects Relationship between Parent and Baby
Crying is the mode through which babies communicate many of their needs and if it doesn’t generate a positive response from the parents, the baby could develop a sense of detachment. The first two years are crucial for building a strong attachment with parents and detached infants could have insecurities growing up.
4. Could Affect Maternal Bonding
The CIO methods require mothers to override their maternal instincts to comfort their babies. This could lower her confidence in raising her child properly and erode the love and bonding between mother and child.
5. Could Increase the Risk of SIDS
The isolation of the CIO methods could increase the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Leaving an infant in a dark room with the door closed can lead to an unforeseen incident that can be fatal.
Can You Use CIO for Naps?
The Ferber method is primarily for night time sleep rather than naps during the day. As they get older, babies sleep less during the day. Therefore, the method is useful for a full night’s sleep and babies trained in CIO can nap on their own.
Can Baby Sleep With Pacifiers & Toys?
The Ferber method recommends against the use of toys or pacifiers or any other object that babies may identify with sleep. Toys also pose a choking hazard while the baby is left alone and increase the risk of SIDS. However, the American Academy of Paediatrics recommends the use of pacifiers during bedtime and the choice is entirely yours depending on what works well for your baby.
The cry it out method may not be suitable for all parents and babies, but it has been effective for many. Although hearing your baby cry for a long time can be torturous, a little pain initially can yield plenty of good night’s sleep for you and your baby.
Also Read: Baby Sleeping Position – What Is Safe? Read more
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10 Animal Movies That Children Will Love to Watch
Kids love animals, and they love watching movies too - just imagine your kid’s delight when he watches a movie that may feature animals in them! If you are on a lookout for animal movies, then your search may end here, as we shall be making some recommendations of animal movies that your kid may love to watch.
Best Animal Movies for Kids
Kids get fascinated with various kinds of animals and may want to know more about them. Apart from enjoying watching their favourite animals on screen, the following movies may help your child learn some good virtues and values too. Here are some of our recommendations for animal films for kids:
1. Stuart Little
This is a 1999 release, and the protagonist of the movie is a small rat named Stuart. This rat is adopted by the ‘Little’ family as their second child. The story revolves around the adventures and ordeals this adorable rat faces throughout the movie. The character of the villainous cat ‘Snowbell’ is exceptional, and it does full justice as an antagonist.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
Kids would love to watch this movie because it is amazing the way the director depicts a rat to be a part of a human family - not as a pet, but as a family member. The various adventures that Stuart goes through are hilarious and amusing, and will surely entertain your child.
2. 101 Dalmatians
Originally released in 1961, this movie is great for a kid who is an absolute dog lover. The movie features two dogs named Pongo and Perdita who meet in London Park. Eventually their owners marry each other. The story revolves around these two dogs and their fifteen puppies. There is a dog kidnapper who wishes to kidnap these puppies in order to help a fur-crazed woman named Cruella de Vil, who wishes to make fur spotted coats. It is a great movie that spreads a message of fulfilling social responsibilities.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
Your child would love to watch the adorable puppies do all kinds of funny activities throughout the movie.
3. Shiloh
Released in 1996, this movie is about a dog which is rescued by a child named Marty. Marty finds a beagle on a bridge, and after learning that the dog is being abused by his owner, Marty takes the dog to his home and protects him. The movie may help your child understand about animal abuse and how it may adversely affect animals.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
Kids will love to watch a child who becomes an instant hero after saving a dog from the treachery of his master. The transformation of Shiloh from a frightened dog to a brave one is also something that kids may like to watch.
4. Beethoven
This movie came in the year 1992, and it features a Saint Bernard in the lead role. The film deals with a dog’s struggle to win over his father’s love. The film has some hilarious moments and scenes that may amuse your child. The movie may have such an impact that your kid may urge you to get a Saint Bernard as a pet.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
The acts of this gigantic dog are not only funny, but he is an absolute charmer in the movie. Your child will love the way the dog makes efforts to win the love of everyone around him.
5. Airbud
This dog flick, released in the year 1997, is an adaption of a true story of a rescued dog. The film’s protagonist is a dog named Buddy. The story revolves around this golden retriever which helps a shy kid muster up enough courage to play basketball with his teammates.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
Kids would love to watch a dog show off his basketball skills, and they may find it hilarious to see how a dog tries to fit into the team.
6. My Dog Skip
The film released in the year 2000, is set in the year 1942. The film revolves around a 9-year-old boy who gets a dog, a Jack Russell Terrier, on this ninth birthday and how their friendship develops. The film takes its inspiration from Willie Morris’ childhood adventures.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
The acts of Skip are too entertaining and hilarious. The sheer idea of a dog driving a car and stealing bologna from the butcher is rib-tickling.
7. Cats and Dogs
This 2001 movie shows the age-old tussle between dogs and cats in a fun way. The central idea of the story is a Persian cat’s plan, which involves ruling over the world. However, the plan seems a bit far-fetched when a beagle comes into the scene. The voice over by Alec Baldwin and Susan Sarandon render an added edge to the movie and make it funnier.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
The cute battle between the cats and dogs is adorable and funny at the same time. The movie is a real entertainer.
8. Free Willy
First screened in the year 1993, this is a movie which describes the friendship of a whale and a 12-year-old child. Both, the whale and child, want freedom as one stays in a fish tank and other in the foster home. The way their friendship forms is what the movie all about.
Age Group
This movie is rated PG.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
Kids would love to watch a sea giant play games with a little boy and how the boy teaches some fun tricks to the whale.
9. Old Yeller
This heart-wrenching flick was released in 1957. The movie revolves around a dog that arrives on a farm on his own. This stray dog becomes attached to the family staying on the farm and even risks his life in protecting them from a wild bear. This story may not have many funny elements, but it depicts the love and devotion that the dog shares for the family.
Age Group
This movie is rated G.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
Kids may love the way dog tries his best to protect the family.
10. Homeward Bound
Released in 1993, this movie revolves around a golden retriever, a bulldog, and a cat. All three of them are looking out for their lost family in the forests of California. The movie also features various other animals as the three animals' quest progresses in the movie.
Age Group
This movie is rated G.
Why Kids Will Love Watching This Movie
The kids would love the various adventurous and perils their four-legged friends undertake as they make their way back home.
The above-mentioned movies are our recommendations of some of the best animal movies that you can make your kid watch.
By watching these fun animal movies, kids can learn about different animals. Movies help in developing a child’s vocabulary and visual memory. With these must-watch movies in his list, your spatially intelligent kid is in for a treat. To activate his other skills, get your hands on the subscription boxes that are specifically designed keeping in view the potential of kids. You will not be disappointed!
Also Read: Fun Facts About Animals for Kids Read more
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Screening and Diagnostic Tests during Pregnancy for Birth Defects
After getting pregnant, a lot of questions may be there in your head. Is the baby going to be okay? If there is a history of chromosomal abnormalities in the family or if you are older than thirty-five, you may be more concerned. This leads to the obvious question: How to detect birth defects during pregnancy?
The good news is that this is possible with the help of a two-pronged approach: the screening and the diagnostic tests.
Why Is Prenatal Screening for Birth Defects Done?
Prenatal screening is done to check if the foetus is at risk of developing some genetic abnormality. These tests are non-invasive and do not take much time in getting done. The diagnostic tests, on the other hand, carry some risks and are invasive which make screening the first route for investigation. If the results are positive, then the diagnostic test can be considered which can confirm the birth defect.
Prenatal Screening Tests
The screening tests must take place during the first and second semester.
In First Trimester
The test during the first trimester can be done between the ninth and thirteenth week. Some of the tests include:
1. Blood Test
You will need to undergo a simple blood test that will analyse components in your blood such as free B-HCG and PAPP-A (plasma Protein A). These are both biochemical markers that help screen out a foetus that is at risk of Down syndrome, Patau syndrome and Edward Syndrome.
2. Nuchal Transparency
In this test, an ultrasound is used to observe the collection of fluid at the back of the neck of the foetus. An increased thickness means that the foetus is at risk of trisomy 21 and other genetic abnormalities. Studies have shown that this method of screening has an eighty per cent detection rate with a five per cent chance of a false positive. This increases to ninety per cent if the above-mentioned blood test is carried out as well.
The above-mentioned tests are not only useful in the detection of genetic abnormalities but foreseeing other pregnancy-related complications as well. For example, low PAAP-A in the mother is associated with pre-eclampsia, infant death and intrauterine growth restrictions.
In Second Trimester
A combination of tests are taken during the second trimester and is collectively known as the Quad marker test. It measures the levels of four biomarkers that help reveal the risk of the foetus for having chromosomal abnormalities. The test during the second trimester can be done between 14th and 18th week. However, an extension up to the 22nd week is also acceptable.
1. Alpha-Fetoprotein
This analyses the presence of plasma protein that is produced in the liver of the foetus known as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Women with high levels of the protein have babies that have an increased chance of neural defects like spina bifida and anencephaly. Those with low levels of AFP, on the other hand, have a higher risk of carrying babies with Down syndrome. However, this test should be carried out with other tests and independently may not paint an accurate picture.
2. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
This is produced in the placenta. Those who have elevated levels of the same are likely to have a baby with Down syndrome.
3. Estriol
This is the type of oestrogen that is produced by both, the foetus as well as the placenta. Abnormal levels of the same found in the test can mean that the foetus has an increased risk of having Down syndrome, Edward syndrome or some other genetic abnormality.
4. Inhibin-A
This is a hormone that is found in the placenta. Studies have shown that the detection rate of Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities have improved dramatically by measuring this hormone. You can also opt to take the first and second-trimester tests together which is known as the integrated screening test.
Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
Diagnosing birth defects is done through a process of elimination. Though the screening process is over, there is always the chance of a false positive. In addition, the diagnostic tests are generally invasive and also be risky in certain cases. This is why diagnostic tests are only done if the screening tests indicate a moderate to high risk.
In First Trimester
How early can birth defects be detected? That is a good question. The below test is conducted between the 10th and 13th week of pregnancy and is the earliest time where you can detect a birth defect with certainty.
1. Chorionic Villus Sampling
For this test, a sample of the Chorionic Villus is taken which can be found in the placenta. They are projections in the placenta and are unique as they contain similar genes to that of the foetus. It is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome or even cystic fibrosis. It, however, cannot help in detecting neural tube defects. Some of the risks that are accentuated because of this diagnostic test include miscarriage, infection or defects in the toes and fingers of the baby. This test is accurate but sometimes shows a false-positive. In addition, the results are sometimes unclear, and amniocentesis is needed for further clarification. The results time is variable and can take a few days or even a couple of weeks.
In Second Trimester
While chorionic villus sampling maybe one way to go about it, it cannot detect all birth defects. In addition, if your uterus is tilted backwards and the placenta is also located at the back of the uterus, a Chorionic test is discouraged. Finally, if your screening has returned positive after 13 weeks, you can try the below tests. While Amniocentesis is done during the 15th and 18th week, the ultrasound can be done between the 18th and 20th week.
1. Amniocentesis
The amniotic fluid contains a substance called alpha-fetoprotein or AFP. A needle is introduced into the uterus via the abdomen. Now, less than thirty millilitres of amniotic fluid which surrounds the foetus is removed and analysed. This test is useful in detecting Down syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, spina bifida and sickle cell disease. It has an accuracy rate of 99.4 per cent, and there is a risk of 1 out of 200 women having a miscarriage after the test. You will receive the results within three weeks.
2. Level 2 Ultrasound
This form of ultrasound is similar to a regular ultrasound, but the results are more targeted. The focus will be on specific areas such as the brain, heart and other organs. This is used to detect Down syndrome and is non-invasive unlike Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling. The results will be received once the ultrasound is completed.
Amniocentesis and Chorionic villus sampling are both invasive, and you are not allowed to perform any strenuous exercise after the test, at least for a few days.
It is your choice to take any of the tests. However, most obstetricians say that it is better to take the test so that the fear and anxiety about birth defects is out f your mind.
Also Read:
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing
Contraction Stress Test in Pregnancy
Non-Stress Test while Pregnant Read more
Dr Disha Patel has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 6 months
16 hours ago
Q. can I take medicine pcm n citrazene in pregnancy fir sore throats n fever
Dr Disha Patel
Ayurvedic Physician
11 hours ago
A. dear mom.
better to take tab pcm for time being n do take steam inhakation couple of tines a day, follpw good home renedies for cold, taje more rest .
Swati Kar Samanta has added a new answer
Mom of a 9 m old child
9 hours ago
Q. hi everyone good morning,
sorghum can I give to my 10 month baby is it safe or not please revert I waiting for your reply
Swati Kar Samanta
Mom of a 2 m old girl
7 hours ago
A. Yes but first give in very small quantity to judge the reaction of your baby.
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
7 hours ago
Q. #asktheexperts is it okay that the baby is kicking less than usual?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
7 hours ago
A. Yes it is the what part is that your child is kicking if you feel that there is a movement of your child whether it is a cake or slight movement also you know that your child is doing fine so there is no problem in that if the movement is less it’s completely alright
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
6 hours ago
Q. #asktheexperts what to do if the baby’s nose is blovked
Dr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
6 hours ago
A. Nasal blockage is very common, specially in small children because of the narrow nasal cavity. Any kind of saline drops like nasal clear will be helpful in dissolving the stuffy secretions, which can be taken out by vnasal aspirator gently also steam inhalation will be helpful also, try to avoid keeping the child directly under the fan.
Ankita Mehta has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
4 hours ago
Q. 22 week pregnant,baby konse month me or din me kitni baar move kartaa he ,pls bataye abhi sirf 2, 3 baar hi hota he
Ankita Mehta
Mom of a 8 yr 7 m old girl
2 hours ago
A. hi
yes it's enough
and the frequency and timing may vary as we all are different
but yes, the frequency of feeling baby movements will increase now
please go for regular check-up to your gynecologist
and follow his or her suggestions
Rashmi has added a new answer
Trying To Conceive
3 hours ago
Q. hi
need help and advice
my RT 18x16mm and LT 10x16mm ET 6.59
and did ovulation rest also showing fertility test C as if now , pls advice if we intercourse tomorrow then when will be my ovulation start.
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
3 hours ago
A. You can check with an ovulation kit if it is positive then you can certainly go ahead with the conception because ovulation kit is going to give you 100% clarity whether you are ovulating or not with that you can try practising if you can conceive the same time
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