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2 Months Old Baby Care Tips
As a first-time mom, you may find the experience of taking care of your baby overwhelming, especially when they start getting energetic and moving about, which they usually do around the two-month stage. Here are a few tips, diet suggestions , and baby care which you are sure to find helpful.
Video: 2 Months Old Baby Care Tips
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7 Best Tips for Two Months Baby Care
If you are feeling worried that your baby does not do much don’t worry. Remember, they are still developing and adapting to the environment, and by the time they become two months old, the crib activity should start to pick up. Here are a few tips on how to take care of your 2 months old baby care
1. Feeding
Your baby will cry to indicate when he is hungry so make sure that you are nearby so that you can attend to him right away. Timings may vary and as your baby grows, so will his appetite. Make sure that you are stocked up on baby milk powder or if you are breast feeding, make sure that you have spare bottles of breast milk stored in your refrigerator for use later on. And remember, as your baby develops past the two month period, hewill start becoming more active, and the chances are that you may have to get up multiple times to feed your baby.
2. Crying
As your baby starts to grow, and as his nervous system starts to develop, he will also cry more. So if you were under the impression that babies generally go to sleep right after a feed, think again. As the nervous system develops , your baby’s cognitive abilities will start to improve as well. He will be able to identify you, and respond to the environment around him as well. So when he starts bawling, cuddle, sing, or gently rock until he settles down again.
3. Developmental Milestones
Here are a few developmental milestones that you may want to be on the lookout for in the second month. As your baby’s nervous system starts to kick in, he will be able to notice you and even recognise your smell as his sense begin to improve. Remember external stimuli such as loud noises are bound to be scary so make sure that that the noise level in the room is kept to a bare minimum. As his vision improves so will his interaction with everything and everyone around. Try holding out a toy to him to encourage rolling over to his tummy. At this age you can introduce your baby to a few cuddly toys and rattles.
4. Growth
One of the main things that you need to keep an eye out for is the weight and height of your baby, so check it constantly to see if he is within the healthy height and weight range.
5. Immunisations
Keeping abreast of the child’s immunisation program is essential for optimum development. Take your infant to a child specialist and make sure that he is immunised right away. The chances are that your baby will act up on being immunised, so soothe him until he calms down. Do not push off the immunisation to later but get it done right away – after all, your baby’s health is important, and naturally, you would want to do all you can to make sure that your infant is safe.
6. Sleep Patterns
Monitor your two month old baby’s sleep patterns; he should get anywhere from 9 to 12 hrs of sleep a day and anything less would result in crankiness. So make sure that your baby is comfortable after each feed, and is able to rest well.
7. Adjust to the Baby’s Routine
It is important that you follow your baby’s sleep patterns closely and take rest when the baby rests, otherwise you will have to be up dancing attendance on your baby. Use a baby monitor so that you know the exact moment your baby’s up.
Few Additional Tips
Make sure that all the sharp corners are rounded and your apartment is baby-proofed to avoid injury.
Do not place small objects near your infant, hemay put it in hismouth.
Do not allow animals too close your baby at this stage as they are susceptible to allergies..
Monitor his growth especially his reaction to external stimuli to identify any gaps and ensure early intervention of needed.
Make sure that he isable to stretch is legs on the floor so that he may exercise his muscles and start crawling soon.
Keep a record of his vaccinations; you will need this information later.
Do not leave your baby unsupervised, use a baby monitor.
With these tips on how to take care of 2 month old baby, you should be able to handle your baby with care and love. Just remember that taking care of a two-month-old baby is a full-time responsibility, but with guidance, you should be able to handle your little one with ease.
Also Read: 2 Months Old Baby Development Read more
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Adhesions After a C-Section - Symptoms and Prevention Tips
Some women opt for a C-section while others may have to undergo this surgery because of some health complications they might be facing while pregnant. Whatever may be the reason for a woman to undergo a C-section, complications such as adhesions may arise after a few months or even after a few years of the delivery. Browse through this post and learn about the symptoms of this condition. Also, find out how you can prevent it.
What Are Adhesions?
Abdominal adhesions are a common complication of surgery. When your body undergoes the surgery, tough tissue bands may form between your abdominal tissues and organs, which are known as adhesions. It is difficult to prevent or stop them from forming. They may appear like spider webs or nylon strands that surround the organs of your body. These strands are powerful and may cause an obstruction in the blood flow or cause disruption in the functions of various internal organs.
How Do Adhesions Form After a C-Section?
Abdominal adhesions are very common, especially after abdominal surgeries such as a C-section. There is a very less likelihood of its occurrence during a laparoscopic surgery because the incision is comparatively small. However, during a c-section, a bigger incision is made. Therefore, there are more chances of trauma or injury to the peritoneum.
The peritoneum is a clear membrane that covers the abdominal organs. But when this protective and slippery lining gets damaged during a c-section, the body’s immune system gets rolling and starts healing itself. This leads to the formation of sticky scar tissue, which is also known as fibrin matrix and inflammation.
In most cases, these scar tissues or bands dissolve with the help of a biochemical process, which is also known as fibrinolysis. But during a surgical procedure, fibrinolysis may not happen that effectively because of low levels of blood chemicals that are required for the process. This means the tissues or bands do not dissolve but instead they develop into adhesions. This may occur a few weeks, few months or even years after you may have undergone a C-section. Most abdominal surgeries can cause the risk of abdominal adhesions. However, C-sections pose a much higher risk.
What Are the Symptoms of C-section Adhesions?
Here are some symptoms of adhesion pain after C-section adhesion:
If you experience trouble in standing erect or straight.
If you have unexplained pain in your abdomen years after undergoing a C-section.
If you have a bloated or swollen tummy.
If you experience pain during sexual intercourse.
If you experience pain or tenderness in your scar.
If you experience intense menstrual pain, especially after undergoing a C-section.
If you experience severe pelvic pain.
If you face secondary infertility.
What Are the Visual Characteristics of Adhesions After a C-section?
You can establish whether or not you have adhesions following a c-section by observing some simple signs. If you have an indented c-section scar, which is thick and raised, then you may have adhesions. Also, if your scar is darker than the rest of your skin colour, chances are you may have dense adhesions, which may be irrespective of the fact that the scar protrudes out, lays flat, or is indented.
What Are the Possible Complications?
Here are some complications of adhesions that can arise after a c-section:
Adhesions can cause dyspareunia or pain during sexual intercourse.
Adhesions may result in infertility too.
Some women may experience pelvic pain because of adhesions.
Adhesions may cause complications and difficulties in further abdominal surgeries.
How to Treat C-section Adhesions
The complications that occur because of adhesions can be treated. A procedure called adhesiolysis can be performed to cure infertility or pain associated with adhesions. If you experience trouble in passing stools, surgery may be conducted to reopen your intestine. In most cases, the treatments are successful, but there is always a risk of further complication, which may occur because of new adhesions. However, laparoscopic adhesiolysis may be a better option because it reduces the formation of adhesions.
How to Prevent the Formation of C-section Adhesions
It is important to learn that all surgeons are aware of the fact that adhesions may result in complications. Therefore, a number of measures adopted by the surgeons aim at minimising the risk of C-section scar adhesions:
The use of certain medication may reduce the chances of adhesions.
By closing the peritoneum post, a caesarean section will less likely cause adhesions.
By creating a barrier between the damaged tissues to prevent them from sticking may minimise the occurrence of adhesions.
One of the most effective and best ways to reduce or prevent the risk of bowel adhesions after a C-section or other kinds of complications is by opting for a vaginal delivery if possible.
Reducing the risk of adhesions is one of the best ways of saving yourself from this condition rather than having them surgically removed in the later stages of your life. For more information on this topic, it is suggested that you speak with your doctor and learn about the possible risks and options you can have.
Also Read:
Reasons of Leg Pain After C-section Delivery
How to Recover after C-section Delivery
Back Pain After C-Section Read more
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Understanding Types of Workplace Harassment and How to Deal With Them
Workplace harassment is more common than we realise. It’s often the case that victims aren’t sure of what constitutes workplace harassment and what to do when they are being harassed. Many cases go unreported, and it continues to be a problem that can ruin jobs and turn companies into toxic, unproductive environments.
Types of Harassment on Workplace?
There are numerous types of workplace harassment and so many interpretations of it that even the most diligent HR professionals can miss the signs. A thorough understanding of harassment will equip you to deal with it or help a victim with their situation. Here are eleven of the most common forms of workplace harassment:
1. Discriminatory Harassment
Any unlawful harassment at the workplace is discriminatory. But unlike other ways such as physical or verbal harassment, the definition of discriminatory harassment is based on intent rather than how it is carried out. Discriminatory harassment is when the bully is picking on a victim because they belong to a protected class. Some of the recognisable forms of it include:
a. Racial Harassment: Victims experience racial harassment because of their race, ancestry, skin colour, country of origin or citizenship. Racial harassment often occurs in the form of racial insults, racial slurs, racial jokes, disgust, insulting comments etc.
b. Gender Harassment: This is discriminatory behaviour against a person based on their gender. A typical example is negative gender stereotypes about how women and men should behave based on their gender. Some examples include:
Male nurses being harassed for being in what is generally regarded as a woman’s job
A female banker is trapped under the glass ceiling and gets taunted for not being the “leader material.”
A male colleague displays content ( video, comics, posters) that is degrading to women
c. Religious Harassment: Religious harassment is often connected to racial harassment but is more specific on a victim’s religious beliefs. It can occur in the form of:
Intolerance towards religious holidays, traditions, customs etc
Offensive religious jokes
Pressure to convert to other religion
d. Disability-Based Harassment: It is the type of harassment faced by disabled individuals who experience bullying in the form of teasing, refusal to reasonably accommodate, patronising comments or isolation. It is mostly directed towards people who:
Suffer from a disability
Are acquainted with someone who is disabled
Use disability services
2. Personal Harassment
This is a workplace harassment act that is not based on any protected class that the victim belongs to (such as religion, race, and gender). Instead, it’s basic bullying which is not illegal but can cause damage nevertheless. It includes any behaviour that creates an offensive or intimidating work environment for the victim.
Some examples of personal harassment:
Inappropriate comments
Personal humiliation
Offensive jokes
Critical remarks
Intimidation tactics
Ostracising behaviours
3. Physical Harassment
Physical harassment is also referred to as workplace violence and involves threats or physical attacks. When they go to extremes, they can also be considered as an assault. Physical gestures such as shoving with a playful intent can often blur the lines between what’s appropriate or not. Therefore it’s up to the person on the receiving end to decide whether the behaviour is appropriate or threatening.
Examples:
Open threats of intent to harm
Physical attacks such as shoving, hitting, kicking etc
Threatening behaviours, such as shaking fists angrily
Destroying victim’s property to intimidate
4. Power Harassment
The defining feature of power harassment is that there is a disparity in power between the harasser and the harassed. The harasser who is higher in the office hierarchy bullies the victim by exercising their power. In many cases, this happens between supervisors and subordinates. Power harassment can take many forms such as personal harassment, acts of violence or more often psychological harassment.
Example:
Harasser puts excessive demands on the victim that is impossible to meet
Harasser demands demeaning tasks far below the employee’s capability
Harasser intrudes in the employee’s personal life
5. Psychological Harassment
This form of harassment affects a person’s mental well-being negatively. Victims of psychological harassment often have feelings of being put down or belittled on a professional or personal level or both. Their psychological damage proliferates and impacts their work life, social life and physical health.
Examples of psychological harassment in the workplace:
Denying the victim’s presence or isolating them
Belittling the victims or trivialising their thoughts
Discrediting the victim or spreading rumours about them
Challenging or opposing everything the victim says
6. Cyberbullying
It is common in the modern workplace to use internet-based apps to reap its benefits and appeal to the younger generation of employees. Instant messaging apps are frequently used for their speed, convenience and user-friend interface. There are many downsides to this technology that can be used by bullies to pick on their victim. Online harassment and cyberbullying is now a serious concern for employers.
These are some of the things the bullies may harass their victim along with many other things:
Share humiliating content relating to the victim using mass chat or mass email
Spreading false information or gossip about the victim on social media
Directly sending harassing messages or emails to the victim
7. Retaliation Harassment
Retaliation harassment occurs in subtle ways and is often overlooked by many. It happens when a person harasses someone to get revenge for having already filed a complaint on them and to stop them from complaining again.
This is what retaliation harassment looks like:
Person A files a complaint about person B
Person B finds out about the complaint and who filed it
Person B harasses person A out of revenge and to deter them from making further accusations
Person B is now attacking person A in retaliation
8. Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment is any harassment that is sexual and includes unwanted sexual conduct, advances or behaviour. Although other forms of harassment take time to set in or increase in severity, sexual harassment’s impact is immediate. Sexual harassment is one of the kinds of unlawful discrimination in the workplace and is dealt with swiftly.
Examples of Sexual Harassment:
Sharing explicit pornographic content
Posting sexual posters
Making sexual comments or jokes
Inappropriate sexual touching
Inappropriate sexual gestures
Invasion of a persons’ personal space in a sexual way
9. Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment
When translated, Quid pro quo means ‘this for that’ is a kind of exchange-based sexual harassment. The victim is offered job benefits if they agree to partake in some form of sexual conduct. In most cases, it’s a manager who is the harasser. Being a senior-level employee, they would have something of value which they offer for a sexual favour. It can also take place in the form of blackmail.
In exchanges for sexual or romantic favours, a victim may:
Get a job offer
Get a promotion
Receive a hike
Receive opportunities
Avoid demotion
Avoid termination
10. Third Party Harassment
Third party harassment is a kind of workplace harassment where the perpetrator is a ‘third party’ – someone from outside the company. Unlike the usual cases where the harasser is a colleague, manager or supervisor, the third party is a supplier, vendor, client or customer of the company. The victims are often younger employees who are in ‘low-status’ positions such as cashiers, sales associates and so on. Their lack of experience and position in the company and often their reluctance to speak out as they are scared of losing their jobs makes them easy targets. As third-party harassment goes off the conventional narrative, it goes unnoticed and is often swept under the carpet. Regardless of how important the third party is, it’s the employer’s responsibility to take action immediately.
11. Verbal Harassment
Verbal harassments are quite common and occur between employees usually. It can be a result of personality differences which end up in conflicts that have escalated from the casual eye roll to something serious. Unlike many of the discriminatory harassments, verbal abuse between people is not illegal. It usually manifests as someone who is often unpleasant and rude. Because of this reason, verbal harassment can often be damaging and demoralising to the workplace as people refuse to co-operate with the abusive person. Some of the obvious verbal harassment behaviours include cursing, yelling, threatening, insulting a victim in private or public. When verbal harassment is aimed at a person who belongs to a protected class, it can be unlawful.
How to Handle Harassment in the Workplace?
Most workplace harassment is never officially reported as the victims are often unaware of how to go about it. If you feel like you are getting harassed at work, here is how to handle the situation:
1. Make Use of the Resources
The initial step is to go through your company’s employee handbook. Your company would have an HR manager in charge of dealing with internal complaints. Talk to them about your legal rights, whether you decide to file a complaint or not.
2. Report it
Once you’re through talking to your supervisor, HR personnel or counsellor about the issue and you are completely knowledgable about the policies and procedures, report the harassment. File the report in writing or, if the issue is raised in a meeting, follow it up with a summary in writing. Retain a copy of your complaint and any response you receive from your employer.
3. Write Things Down
Details matter, any harassment you experience must be written down in as much detail as possible. Include details such as date, time, places and potential witnesses. Also, write down the chain of events that pertain to the harassment. Since this record is important, store it somewhere safe, preferably at home where you can have access to it despite the consequences. Do not store it in the office safes or computers.
4. Band Together with Other Possible Victims
If you’re not the only person who is being harassed, get your co-workers to write down their experiences and report their incidents as well. If others are unwilling to write despite being harassed, mention in your report that there are others who have been harassed.
5. Safeguard Your Records
When your harasser is a supervisor, it’s possible they would defend themselves by attacking your job performance. Have copies of your performance including any performance evaluation, memos or letters that document your quality of work. If you don’t have them, try and gather through legitimate means. If the company policy allows it, review your personnel file and make copies of it. Store everything safely at home along with the rest of the documents.
6. Get Witnesses
If it’s possible to do so safely, get witnesses to corroborate your story. You will surely be able to find allies who have been harassed by the same person and are willing to support your case.
7. Gather Information
Have a list of all the important people and situations needed to be investigated in the initial complaint. This makes it easier for the investigating officers as they have all they need to do their job.
8. Don’t Let it Derail You
Although it is difficult, try not to be sidetracked by the incidents. Continue doing good work and maintain a meticulous record of everything.
9. Seek Support from Friends and Family
Talk to supportive friends and family members about your abuse and how you are dealing with it. Talking with others can give you much needed support and even some good suggestions.
Law and Other Options in India
When it comes to harassment at workplace, Indian laws that are applicable under the circumstances are as follows:
Misconducts falling under the Standing Orders
If specific acts are not included as misconduct under standing orders, the clause relating to acting subversive of discipline and decent behaviour on the premises of the establishment.
Unfair labour practice under Industrial Disputes Act 1947
Relevant Provision of Indian Penal Code-1860
1. Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act
Although harassment comes in all forms, women more commonly face sexual harassment at work in general. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act-2013 lays down a system for investigation and redressal of complaints against sexual harassment of women at the workplace. It also has safeguards against malicious or false charges.
2. The #MeToo Movement
With sexual harassment of women at workplaces being a rampant problem, the retaliation of women against it gained momentum in the form of the #MeToo movement of India in October 2018. The mass movement gave many women in industries such as entertainment, news media, government and private sector to speak out and bring sexual harassment allegations against many men. The impact of the movement was seen in the form of resignation or firing of the accused from their jobs, disassociation and condemnation from their peers in their respective industries and the case of celebrities; anger from their fans or public against their actions.
Understanding and recognising workplace harassment is the first step to dealing with this toxic problem. It is imperative later to follow up with the necessary actions to put a stop on it and ensure it doesn’t happen again.
Also Read:
Ways to Have the Upper Hand at Your Job
Essential Tips to Resolve Conflict in the Workplace
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Birth Defects - Types, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
Everybody wishes their baby to be born healthy and happy. And most babies do. Statistics, however, reveal that in about 100 babies, 3 babies have a strong chance of being born with birth defects or abnormalities. Although the presence of a defect can pose certain challenges in your baby’s growth, there are ways certain defects can be treated or prevention measures can be taken during pregnancy itself.
What are Birth Defects?
Birth defects in babies can be defined in the simplest way as problems in the normal functionality or growth of various internal organs or parts of the baby’s body. These could range from motor limb movement to internal body processes, to long-term impairment as well.
Common Birth Defects
There are around 5000 types of birth defects that a baby can have. Some of these don’t pose a great threat, some of them can be debilitating, while others can be prevented or treated later. Some common ones are listed below:
1. Fragile X Syndrome
This is a chromosomal defect that is generally observed in male babies. One out of 1500 babies has a strong chance of suffering from this syndrome.
Babies having this syndrome have a long face, large ears, flat feet, teeth clamped together, heart issues, or even slightly autistic symptoms. Many times, these symptoms cannot be diagnosed immediately and the baby might seem fine even after birth. It’s only when they grow up to be 1.5 to 2 years old is where this syndrome might be diagnosed.
2. Down Syndrome
This is yet another chromosomal defect that is common in babies. One out of 800 babies has been observed to have this defect.
These are majorly slanting eyes, tiny ears that fold in the upper area, a small mouth and nose, short neck, tiny fingers, and so on. Internally, such kids usually suffer from infections in the ear and have issues with the heart and intestinal growth. Many have trouble in seeing and hearing things as well.
3. Phenylketonuria
Also known as PKU, this is a biochemical defect that is comparatively rarer than others in the country. On a larger scale, one out of 15000 babies is known to have this condition.
A child suffering from PKU has a body that does not contain a particularly important enzyme, called as phenylalanine. This enzyme is responsible for the crucial function of breaking down the protein in the body for further processes. If the enzyme is absent, as in the case of PKU, the protein starts building up within the body. This can be dangerous and lead to making the child mentally retarded.
4. Sickle Cell
This is another biochemical defect which is also comparatively rare in our region. In other countries, one out of 625 babies is known to have this condition.
What the disease does is directly morph the haemoglobin cells inside the blood. This results in their shape undergoing distortion and starts resembling a sickle-like structure instead of the normal round shape. These abnormal cells end up being destroyed by the liver or spleen, resulting in a reduction in iron, causing anaemia. It is known to cause a lot of pain since the cells might end up blocking other blood vessels and reduce oxygen supply. The child may tire out, have breathing trouble, and become pale.
5. Missing Body Limbs
A physical body defect, the reason behind this defect is yet unknown. Many doctors believe that this anatomical anomaly occurs in the foetus when the pregnant mother is exposed to a particular virus or a chemical compound that doesn’t harm the mother but affects the womb.
Such children could be born with a missing or malformed hand or leg, missing fingers, etc. Many children to learn to live their lives adapting to what they have, but most doctors suggest using a prosthesis early on in their lives.
6. Spina Bifida
Another bodily defect, this usually occurs in one out of 2000 babies that are born, and majorly in northern parts of the world.
During the growth of the baby, as the spine is being formed, the neural tube between the brain and the spine does not develop normally. This causes the backbone to remain open. This condition is usually detected during pregnancy itself and care is taken to opt for caesarean delivery to handle the baby in the right manner. In certain cases, this condition can cause paralysis of the legs as well as bowels related problems in the child.
7. Cleft Lip
This physical defect is observed more often than not in many people. Nearly one out of 700 babies suffer from this abnormality. The reason for this is known to vary between a genetic cause and environmental conditions.
In this anomaly, the roof of the mouth known as hard palate, and the back of the mouth known as the short palate, and the upper lip, fail to close properly. During growth in the womb, these three sections usually separate in the early stages itself. This could result in the child have a small notch in the upper lip or right through the gums to the nose. Such babies have issues with communicating and even eating food or breastfeeding in early stages. Ear infections are also known to be a common occurrence in them.
8. Clubfoot
Observed two times as much in boys as in girls, this physical anomaly occurs in one out of 1000 babies, affecting the growth of the foot or the ankle.
The severity of the defect can vary and most babies do not have a problem with clubfoot until they start learning to stand or communicate with others. In such cases, the foot sometimes might need to be forced into the correct position for it to continue growing properly.
9. Heart Defects
As dangerous as it may sound, in certain cases, some defects may not show any strong impact on the baby. Observed in one out of 110 babies, these usually occur due to genetic issues or growth anomalies in the foetus.
This can only be observed by a keen doctor who notices unusual heart sounds, which are called as murmurs. If the heart defect is severe, it can be detected right away. The heartbeat could be rapid, the baby might have breathing difficulties, swelling in various parts of the body and a slightly bluish skin. If left untreated, the heart may fail to circulate enough blood through the body and be fatal
What Causes Birth Defects?
Some of the common causes of birth defects are,
1. Environmental Factors
Such causes can range from infections to abusive and improper behaviour during the baby’s development. If a mother has not had vaccinations in her childhood, she could be susceptible to diseases like toxoplasmosis, chickenpox, rubella, and so on. These infections are known to affect the foetus as well, resulting in abnormal growth and birth defects.
Furthermore, consumption of alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, as well as taking strong medication against the advice of a doctor, could also harm the baby.
2. Genetic Factors
When a baby is formed, it incorporates one chromosome from each parent to form its own. The pairing of each chromosome has to be perfect since it defines the characteristics of a human being. Any errors during the pairing can result in genetic birth defects from occurring since there are a wrong number of chromosomes or even damaged ones. Down syndrome is observed a baby inherits an extra chromosome. Certain defects are passed on from the parents since they have the same disorder, too. Many conditions are linked to the X chromosome and hence are inherited by male babies from their mothers.
Risk Factors for Birth Defects
Here are some risk factors for birth defects in babies.
Consuming strong medication or tablets harmful during pregnancy, namely lithium or isotretinoin
Presence of infections within the body or even sexually transmitted diseases
Absence or improper administration of care during pregnancy
Using drugs, consuming alcohol, smoking cigarettes while pregnant
Being pregnant when the mother is 35 or older than it
Existing birth defects or genetic disorders in the parents or family
Diagnosis
A mother might be advised to undertake a test during pregnancy for birth defects detection and analysis. These tests generally hint at a possibility of a defect and are not fully conclusive. Certain defects can be observed only after the baby is born. Thereafter, tests might be conducted on the baby and required measures might be formulated.
Treatment
Once signs of birth defects during pregnancy are observed, doctors might talk about the possibility of treatment based on its severity. Certain medications might be given to the mother to treat the defect before the child is born. Some of them might be administered later to reduce the risks arising from the defect. Physical abnormalities can be fixed using surgeries depending on their complexity. Such babies require proper care and attention once they are taken back home.
How can you Prevent Birth Defects?
Certain anomalies cannot be prevented but some congenital birth defects can be avoided by taking the right measures. Staying vaccinated, preventing infections, a balanced nutritious diet, avoiding medication, and proper exercise go a long way in ensuring a healthy baby.
Birth defects do not necessarily mean that your baby can never have a normal life. These are still human beings in all their right and simply need some more support and help than others. With the right guidance and care, most babies can grow up to be healthy adults and lead great lives.
Also Read:
Neural Tube Defects in Babies
Conginental Heart Defects in Babies Read more
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Your Baby This Week : 13 Month Week 2 Old
You are still in your toddler’s favorite playmate at this point but youll notice that as he’s getting better at expressing himself through words and gestures, he will enjoy being around the other kids more. At playdates or at the park, you might notice that he’s playing near other children but not with them. This is known as parallel play, which is perfectly normal and ecouraged.
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Introducing Inflection in Toddler Communication
Many parents are unaware of the different ways in which they can teach their children inflection. Toddlers stressing on words according to context is an important milestone. Though it can take time, a few tricks can help children learn inflection quicker.
From the moment your child utters his first word, it’s an exciting journey for him, trying to pick up new words and form them into meaningful sentences. However, speech is not just about using words; it’s also about fusing them with the right emotions to express ourselves better. It’s important that you help your child learn inflections to become a good communicator.
Introducing Inflection in Speech for Toddlers
1. Do it with Actions:
Though your child may start speaking before he turns 1, it could take him some time to pick up more words that will help him communicate better. However, he may understand a lot more words and sentences that you use. Begin teaching him inflection by introducing gestures that he can associate with words. For instance, shake hands to say ‘hello’ and wave hands to bid ‘goodbye’. When he points at a particular thing, talk to him about it in an easy-to-understand way. Teaching him funny action songs will also go a long way in improving his communication skills.
2. Read Right:
Reading is one of the best ways to speed up the speech development milestone of an 18-month-old toddler. When reading to him, use different emotions and inflections wherever needed. You can give a different voice to each character and encourage him to do the same too. It’ll help him understand how emotions and inflections can change the way a sentence sounds.
3. Tagging Words:
Once your toddler picks up more words, teach him the right way to use them in different contexts. Tag the words with some action words or explanatory words that'll teach him the correct way to use them to express himself. This is one of the best ways of helping toddlers to speak fluently. For example, when he points to a ball and says "ball", you can expand on it by saying it’s a "big ball". Similarly, when he picks a book, ask him to "read the book". Alter your voice to help him understand the difference in the emotions associated with the words.
4. Alter Your Pitch:
Aside from inflection, you should teach your child the need to speak softly indoors and louder when outside. You can do this by setting the right example. When communicating with him, use appropriate emotions and pitch to express yourself, be it happiness, excitement, anger or disappointment. It’s a great way to help him understand and use inflection in speech.
5. Offer Positive Feedback:
Remember that your tot will not be a pro at inflection right away. However, encouraging and supporting him could help him learn faster. Don't criticise when he makes mistakes. Instead, repeat the sentence he spoke with the right emotions. He’ll soon pick up.
Speak to your toddler as much as possible, using correct inflection. Children absorb information very quickly and learn a lot from parents.
How did you help your child use inflection in speech? If you have interesting ideas, do share them with us. Read more
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Expecting Mom due in 5 months
17 hours ago
Q. I got faint line all my pregnancy test and I missed my periods for 10 days but USG and TVs test confirm there is no pregnancy is there any chance that it is very early stage that's why it is not visible???? or TVs test is the last thing that can tell that really there is no pregnancy
Read moreRashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
17 hours ago
A. I think it would be advisable for you to get an ultrasound done with your doctor that’s going to give you a clarity because if there is a pregnancy it would be visible at least at least that sack is visible if it’s a regular pregnancy so it would be advisable to have a test with your doctor
Dr. Minal Acharya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
13 hours ago
Q. mere twins baby girl and boyhai one month 8 days old kya mai ghutti de sakte hun ya gripe water de sakte hun aur kab se start kar sakte hun
Dr. Minal Acharya
Nutritionist
13 hours ago
A. dear Mum, you should not give any sort of gripe water or ghutti to your baby. these are unhealthy and dangerous and can cause infection to your baby. so, these should be completely avoided.
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
13 hours ago
Q. I am currently 32 week pregnant.I recently had growth scan.mu baby is in cephalic presentation. Does this change as I approach my due date. Also my EDD is July 25 and EDC is July 2. what is my expected due date. Also what is EDC?
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
13 hours ago
A. edc is expected date of delivery only.
that is 40 weeks
You will get more information for your query with your family doctor. You may meet your dr in person for proper guidance .
It is important to remain in contact with your doctor.
Swati Kar Samanta has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 7 months
13 hours ago
Q. why I am getting dizziness in my pregnancy
I am going with 3rd month of my pregnancy it's a very strong dizziness I feel at times means every day .....no other symptoms of pregnancy .Please help with elaboration .All okay means isn't part of this journey.
Read moreSwati Kar Samanta
Mom of a 2 m old girl
2 hours ago
A. Do consult your doctor as soon as you can. It's important to find the real reason because without that, proper medication is not possible.
Dr Priyanka Kalra has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
12 hours ago
Q. I am currently 32 week pregnant and had growth scan recently.My baby is in cephalic presentation.does this change after 36 week or does this remain the same?
Dr Priyanka Kalra
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
5 hours ago
A. usually fixed. better to show to specialist always as they get the correct diagnosis. try to avoid self and extra medication that will only complicate this and create more damage to the child
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
3 hours ago
Q. it's my 5 month n I still didn't went for check up yet not even once is it okay if I go now or?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
3 hours ago
A. You should have started going from the very beginning itself once you get to know you’re pregnant but since you haven’t reached that now if you’re pregnancy has been healthy last five months please get it checked with your doctor also if you need to start with any supplements or diet the doctor would advise you after a ultrasound so please visit your gynaecologist
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