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Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A)
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a protein produced by the placenta. Anomalies in PAPP-A levels not only indicate some pregnancy complications but also potential chromosomal disorders. Monitoring of PAPP-A levels in a pregnant woman can help understand if she is at a greater risk of abnormal obstetric results. Lower the levels, higher will be the chances of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
What Is PAPP-A?
PAPP-A stands for pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. It is a protein that is released by the placental trophoblasts during pregnancy. It is believed to play an essential role in the early growth of the placenta and the formation of the placental bed. The PAPP-A levels are tested during the screening tests conducted in the first trimester of pregnancy, that is between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation. Several pregnancy problems such as fetal loss, premature delivery, stillbirth, gestational hypertension, low birth weight, fetal development restrictions, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption are believed to be associated with low levels of PAPP-A. Studies have also indicated that low levels of PAPP-A can be linked to a higher risk for Down’s Syndrome and certain structural aberrations in the foetus. Some other syndromes can also be screened in pregnancy, but they are not that common.
What Is the Normal PAPP-A Level?
The two hormones hCG and PAPP-A levels are measured during the combined screening test of PAPP-A levels, around 12 weeks of pregnancy, are represented through their MoM value and concentration (IU/L). MoM means multiple of the median or average of all the tests. MoM value of 1.00 is average. When MoM value is more than 1.00, it is above average and when it is less than 1.00, it is below average. PAPP-A levels higher or equal to 0.5 MoM is taken as normal and if the levels are lower than 0.5 MoM, they are considered low.
PAPP-A Normal Range Chart
MoM Value
PAPP-A Level
>=0.5 MoM
Normal
< 0.5 MoM
Low
Various studies show the pregnancy results of women with normal PAPP-A levels to be generally uneventful when compared to results of women with low PAPP-A level.
When Will You Need a Growth Scan?
A growth scan is also called a positioning or foetal well-being scan. It is advisable to conduct a growth scan between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation. The technician or doctor, along with checking the growth of the baby, measures the levels of amniotic fluid and the placenta. The position of the baby in the uterus is also checked. Through this scan, the head, thigh bone, and abdomen of the baby are measured. Additional scans or more follow-ups may be suggested even if the growth of the baby and the fluid levels are normal. This is because babies have growth spurts and repeated scans can monitor the growth of the baby more conclusively than a single scan.
What Does a Low PAPP-A Mean?
A low PAPP-A means that the concentration of maternal serum PAPP-A is less than 0.5 MoM between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy. The risk of complications during pregnancy increase in case of low PAPP-A levels. Pregnant women with PAPP-A level lower than 0.5 MoM need constant monitoring as they are believed to be at a higher risk of having premature labour, intrauterine growth restriction, pregnancy-induced hypertension and a miscarriage. Researchers opine that lower the MoM value of PAPP-A, higher are the risks of poor pregnancy results.
How Will You Know That Your Baby Is Growing Well Before and After the 34-week Scan?
The first ultrasound or sonogram is conducted between 6 and 8 weeks of pregnancy. Through this ultrasound, the doctor gets an idea of the growth of the baby. The doctor is able to monitor the baby’s milestones, spot anomalies, calculate the due date, check for signs of multiple pregnancies, and determine the position of the placenta. A pregnant woman may be offered a combination of prenatal screening tests during the first trimester (between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy) which include pappa test, nuchal translucency ultrasound, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) to determine the probable risk of a chromosomal disorder in the baby. In case the screening test is positive, further specific diagnostic tests like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis will be suggested during the first trimester and the second semester respectively. During the second trimester, pregnant women may also be offered maternal serum test and foetal DNA test.
When a pregnant woman's due date is near, i.e., between 34 and 40 weeks, another growth scan is carried out to assess the development of the baby and to check the weight and position of the baby. This is ascertained by measuring the biophysical profile of the baby. One may be suggested additional scans during the third trimester if there is any cause for concern. Regular scans are advised throughout the pregnancy if there are complications and high risk of abnormal obstetric results. Sometimes pregnant women develop gestational diabetes during the third trimester. A doppler scan is usually suggested in view of such a development. If the doctor suspects the baby to be in a breech position, closer to the due date (around 37 weeks), he may perform a scan to determine this and may suggest for a caesarean section. A caesarean section is also performed if a pregnant woman is diagnosed with placenta previa where the placenta is very close or over the cervix.
A pregnant woman with low PAPP-A levels may be suggested additional scans for early and prompt detection and management of probable adverse pregnancy results. Studies have still not established a conclusive connection between low PAPP-A levels and the amplified risk of pregnancy complications. Therefore, it is also believed that these screening tests may not be completely accurate. But the test may still be an indicator of some chromosomal abnormalities. So it is advisable to consult and discuss the results with your doctor at length.
Pregnancy brings with it a whole new set of changes and problems to watch out for, and regular testing and scans in this period are planned in order to ensure that the mother and baby stay fine. Hence, it is suggested that you go for all the prescribed tests and scans and discuss any problem that you may have with your doctor.
Also Read:
Double Marker Test in Pregnancy
First Trimester Scans
How to Maintain Progesterone Levels during Pregnancy Read more
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6 Life Management Lessons from The Transformer Lord Shiva
Lord Shiva carries an influential denomination when it comes to the Hindu religion. Till date, we have been worshipping him just because the elders in our family told us to do so. However, now is the time to take the onus to decipher the rationale behind his persona. Keep reading to understand why he is depicted as a saadhu with bare minimum accessories, as opposed to the personality of other Gods, who are decked up in fine ornaments and in elaborate ensembles.
Lord Shiva's personality has an aura of mystery around it. It is recorded in the Hindu mythology that he lives in gloomy icy mountains, thereby depriving himself of all the materialistic elements. One piece of folklore also says that he resides in a crematorium. His geotic image depicts that he holds a ‘naag’ (snake) around his neck. In addition, he is offered ‘bhang’ and ‘dhatura’ as ‘prasadam’ or 'naivedyam'. Every fact about him carries an interesting secret behind it.
Today, on the occasion of ‘Mahashivratri’, let us adore our favorite deity by knowing some life management lessons which are hidden behind his identity.
1. Shiva’s Three Eyes
Lord Shiva is the only Hindu deity to possess three eyes. Therefore, he is known as ‘Trinetradhari’, His third eye symbolizes wisdom. We all posses a ‘third eye’ or so to say wisdom; it just needs to be ‘awakened’ or used at the right time. At the time of crises, when our senses fail to show us the correct path, this ‘third eye’ comes to our rescue. It helps keep us away from danger, if we ‘awaken’ it or 'use our wisdom' by being patient and using our understanding, instead of panicking and doing harm to ourselves.
2. Ashes on Shiva’s Body
Every deity in Hindu mythology is decked up with ornaments and clothing, while Shiva wraps ‘antelope skin’ around himself and covers his body with ‘bhasm’ or ashes. There is a spiritual as well as a scientific reason to explain the act. Scientifically, ‘bhasm’ is known to seal the body pores. Once this happens, it is seen that the body does not get affected by cold or heat. This way Shiva teaches us to not get affected by outer circumstances and to not lose our inner peace, whatever may be the situation.
3. Why did Shiva Drink Poison
There is a mythological incidence which says that at the time of ‘samudra manthan’, Shiva held the poison churned out from the ocean in his throat, due to which his throat turned blue. It is because of this he came to be known as ‘Neel-kanth’. There is a very important lesson for us here. The ‘Neel Kanth’ is teaching us to not let the bad or negative energies to overpower us. The same way he didn’t allow the poison or the ‘evil’ to enter his body, but held it in his throat.
4. Shiva’s ‘Nandi’
‘Nandi’, the bull, is Shiva’s ‘vahan’ or vehicle. Bulls by nature are very diligent. They tirelessly perform all their duties. And despite being so hard working, they are always calm and stable like the Lord himself. Nandi is therefore very dear to Shiva. This is an illustration that teaches us to keep doing our ‘karma’ without expecting anything in return, and that Lord Shiva will be always there to bestow his grace upon us.
5. Moon on Shiva’s Forehead
Lord Shiva holds the moon on his forehead. Moon signifies peace. It means that whatever the situation, one’s mind should always be kept calm. With a calm mind, the individual can face any kind of problem without getting jittery.
6. Shiva’s Residence
In spite of being the ‘Supreme God’, Shiva resides in a crematorium or the dark cold mountains. With this, Shiva teaches us to follow our duties wisely, but to stay away from the illusions of this world, called as ‘maya’. This is essential because there’s nothing true here, except death. Being attached to this mortal world will never let us achieve our ultimate goal i.e. ‘moksha’.
We now know the meaning of the deepest secrets of Lord Shiva's persona. So, on this Mahashivratri let us pledge to follow Lord Shiva’s teachings and make our lives better. Happy Mahashivratri. Read more
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Toys for 9 Months Old Baby
If you have a 9-month-old baby, she is probably able to sit, crawl or able to walk by holding on to furniture for support. You can help your 9-month-old develop sensory, cognitive, language, and motor skills using toys that are fun to play with.
Stacking and Building Toys
Stacking and building toys are fun to play with for babies. Here are the skills they help develop in 9-month-olds:
1. Skill Development
Fine motor skills: Reaching for the toys with their hands and grasping and picking up the parts with their fingers help develop fine motor skills in 9-month-olds.
Hand-eye coordination: Arranging the parts in a stack helps develop hand-eye coordination.
Colour recognition ability: The colourful parts help babies develop the ability to recognise colours.
2. Recommended Toys
Stack and Roll Cups: These area set of colourful, multi-sized cups that can be stacked over each other or nestled into each other. Two cups can also be joined to form balls that can be rolled around.
Stack and Explore Boxes: There are colourful 5-sided blocks that can be stacked over each other or nestled into each other. The sides have different numbers, pictures, and textures for that baby to look at and feel.
Sorting Toys
Sorting toys are immensely enjoyable for babies and can keep them occupied for hours.
1. Skill Development
Fine Motor Skills: Picking up ad grasping the components of sorting toys help in developing fine motor skills of the fingers and hands.
Cognitive Abilities: The baby will try to process information, reason, and relate while sorting the different shapes and colours, thus helping to improve cognitive abilities.
Sensory Development: Sorting toys help in developing vision and touch by encouraging hand-eye coordination.
2. Recommended Toys
Shape Sorter: The shape sorter has a lid with different shaped holes (such as a star, square, circle, and triangle) and a container that can hold blocks of various shapes. The baby has to sort different shaped blocks by putting them into the corresponding shaped opening.
Clear Containers with Coloured Balls: The baby has to sort different coloured balls and put them into clear containers.
Cube-Shaped Sorter: This is similar to the shape sorter, but the various shaped blocks are attached to the cube-shaped sorter by strings.
Push And Cruising Toys
Pushing and cruising toys are suitable for babies who can crawl or walk with support.
1. Skill Development
Gross Motor Skills: Pushing or pulling toys around the house can help develop the baby’s arm, torso, and leg muscles.
Cognitive Abilities: Deciding in which direction to pull the toy, and remembering the way around the house helps enhance the baby’s cognitive abilities.
Spatial Awareness: While using pushing and cruising toys, babies will understand the position of objects with respect to themselves.
2. Recommended Toys
Apple Turnover: A toy with wheels on which there is an apple that rotates.
Pull-along Turtle: A turtle on wheels with a string to pull it along.
Baby Walker: A car-shaped toy with a handle that the baby can use to push the toy around.
Toys With Buttons And Dials
Babies love colourful buttons and dials. They are often fascinated by mobiles and remote control devices.
1. Skill Development
Fine motor skills: Using the tiny buttons and dials can help your baby develop her the muscles of her hands and fingers.
Language abilities: Using a toy phone or mobile to mimic adult speech helps the baby develop language abilities.
Colour Recognition: The brightly-coloured buttons help a child learn about colours.
2. Recommended Toys
Toy mobile: This looks like an adult mobile phone and has multi-coloured buttons.
Toy Remote: This looks like a TV remote with coloured buttons that play sounds or light up.
Toy Piano: This looks like a mini-piano and makes musical sounds when the keys are pressed.
Language Development Toys
These toys help the baby improve her language abilities.
1. Skill Development
Language Abilities: These toys help the baby improve her language abilities.
Basic Speech Rhythm: Listening to recorded sounds on the toy can help the baby learn about the basic rhythms and patterns of speech.
Taking Turns: Language development toys teach the baby about taking turns while talking.
2. Recommended Toys
Learning Market: A toy with buttons shaped like fruits or vegetables. The buttons play recorded sounds that describe fruits and vegetables.
Puppy House: Shaped like a dog house, it has buttons to play songs that teach the alphabet and counting.
Musical smartphone: This looks like an adult’s smartphone. The buttons give realistic sounds and also plays rhymes and music.
Books
When parents read books to their babies, it helps them bond better.
1. Skill Development
Language abilities: Reading books to babies improves their language abilities.
Love for Reading: Reading a book to your little one helps to inculcate a love for reading.
2. Recommended Toys
ABC Cloth Book: Made of cloth and plastic, the pages have different textures and buttons that play songs.
First 100 Animals Board Book: A board book that contains names and pictures of different animals.
Things-That-Go Board Book: A board book that has pictures of various kinds of vehicles.
Easy To Hold Balls
Babies find these toys delightful as they can bounce and roll.
1. Skill Development
Fine motor skills: Picking up or grasping the ball improves the baby’s fine motor abilities.
Colour recognition: Babies can learn about colours from these toys.
Hand-Eye Coordination: Trying to bounce the ball or roll it in a specific direction will improve your baby’s hand-eye coordination.
2. Recommended Toys
Bendy Ball Rattle: A ball with a rattle that is bendable and can be easily gripped.
Activity Balls: The balls flash with lights and play sounds when they are rolled or shaken.
Water Tub Balls: These are brightly-coloured, soft plastic balls that can be used in the water tub while bathing your baby.
Pail And Shovel
Babies love playing with sand. A pail and a shovel is a great choice that will keep them occupied for hours.
1. Skill Development
Fine Motor Skills: Using the pail and shovel with their hands helps babies develop fine motor skills.
The sense of Texture: Playing in the sand helps babies develop an understanding of various textures.
2. Recommended Toys
Beach Basics Toy Set: Sand toys including a pail and shovel.
Jumbo Beach Set: Sand toys including rake, sifter, and watering can.
Sand-Moulding Set: Sand toys including beach moulds.
What Does Age Recommendation Label On Toys Mean?
Age recommendation label on toys is a guide to make purchasing decisions about that toy based on your child’s abilities and developmental requirements.
It tells you that the toy is suitable for the average capabilities and interests of children in that particular age group.
Safety Tips For Babies
Safety tips to ensure that toys do not harm your baby include:
Buy age-appropriate toys.
Ensure toys do not have small parts that can be swallowed or cause choking.
Buy toys that are BPA-free
Check the contents to make sure the toys are non-toxic, as babies often put toys in their mouth.
Baby-proof the house and make sure the way is clear when the baby is walking or cruising around.
Monitor the baby closely when she plays with her toy to make sure she is safe.
Make sure the pull-along toys string does not choke or trip the baby.
Wash your baby’s hands thoroughly after sand play to avoid illness.
How To Help Your Baby Learn While Playing?
Read to your baby using voices and impressions.
Teach her names of colours using her favourite toys.
Tell her the names of the various shapes in a shape sorter.
Introduce letters of the alphabet to your baby using an ABC book
Teach your baby about numbers when you play together.
Play peek-a-boo with the toys to teach your baby about object permanence.
How To Choose Best Toys For Your 9-Month-Old Baby?
Buy toys based on your 9-month-old’s developmental stage and capabilities.
Examples of top toys for 9-month-old baby girl include musical toys, dolls, and soft toys.
Examples of baby boy toys 9 months old babies would like to include pull-along trucks and building blocks.
Avoid expensive toys with elaborate or complicated settings
Choose simple toys which provide the best learning experience along with entertaining your child.
Do follow the above tips when it comes to toys and your 9-month-old!
Also Read: Best Travel Toys for Toddlers and Tips for Choosing Read more
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Know Everything about Lamaze Method of Childbirth
Are you on your pregnancy journey and waiting to meet your little one? You must be having wonderful thoughts about the day your cuddly little baby is next to you. Preparing yourself for that day is equally important. Have you ever thought of what kind of birthing technique you will choose? It is very important to choose a technique that will be comfortable for you and prepare yourself for it accordingly.
What is Lamaze Method?
The Lamaze method of childbirth was introduced by French obstetrician, Dr. Fernand Lamaze in the early 1950’s. It trains a woman’s body to be prepared for natural delivery and helps her to cope with pains related to childbirth. Lamaze techniques emphasize on following the right breathing methodology. The controlled breathing exercises help a woman to take her mind off stress and relaxes her mentally and physically. Your partner is also involved in Lamaze to support you while in pain and soothe you. The beauty of Lamaze lies in this management of pain without the use of drugs. The six main rules of Lamaze are:
Labour should start naturally
Women should deliver while lying on their back
During labour, a woman should be allowed to move around freely
Support from others is crucial during labour
There should be no external intervention during labour and birth
Mother and baby should never be separated after birth
Lamaze Classes
The Lamaze method calls for classes, practice at home and coaching by a coach. You might be wondering “What are Lamaze classes?”. These classes train you in various breathing techniques and encourage you to share how you feel - your fears, queries and thoughts. It offers different coping strategies of which breathing is one. Lamaze pregnancy classes ensure your partner will have an active role throughout your pregnancy, childbirth and afterwards. You will also discover what to expect in your entire pregnancy journey, how to deal with pain and uneasiness and all about your childbirth process. Each Lamaze class usually has a maximum of 12 couples.
When Should You Start Lamaze Course?
As early as in your first trimester, you can start planning for your Lamaze birthing classes. You can locate a suitable place near you to attend classes. Though you can start any time after your first trimester, women usually prefer and are recommended to start in their seventh month. The earlier you start, the better it is as you can have more time to practice and it helps to tone and tune your muscles. However, you should avoid taking classes in the last two months as you feel less energetic by then and cannot enjoy as much.
What Happens in Lamaze Classes?
Trained birth educators are there to support and guide you through pregnancy, childbirth, and parenthood. Here’s what typical Lamaze birthing classes will have you do:
Watch real-time birth videos that give you an idea of the birthing process and get you prepared and confident.
Have your partner actively participate in the whole childbirth process. What can be emotionally more satisfying? Your partner is taught various techniques such as to push on your lower back to counter lower back pain, massages, breathe with you and much more.
Discussing your thoughts and worries and sharing your experiences with other couples.
Practice focused and repetitive breathing techniques which help you to relax.
Educate you on how to interact with your baby and all you need to know about breastfeeding and its benefits.
Bring to your knowledge the complications that could arise in pregnancy or during childbirth and what the situation would call for.
Teach you how to communicate with your healthcare team to let them know of your needs.
Make you aware of relaxation techniques and help you choose the one that works for you the best. Some of the techniques are massages, walking, hydrotherapy and position change.
Help you understand that sometimes medication will have to be used during childbirth and that you have a right to know about the medication being administered.
Explain the need for the right nutrition for you and how it helps in your baby’s development.
Rehearse pushing techniques and all that you have learned throughout the birthing class.
What is the Normal Duration of Lamaze Classes?
Lamaze pregnancy classes usually last for total 12 hours spread over 12 weeks or five to six days. Some places also offer intensive Lamaze classes over a single weekend or a single day but this could be very challenging for you. Taking it slow gives you a lot of time to review the techniques taught and ask your queries.
What is Lamaze Breathing Technique?
Lamaze techniques for labour mainly comprise of breathing, massage, hydrotherapy, cold and warm compress, walking, imagery, position and using birthing balls. But what is Lamaze breathing? It is a breathing technique that helps a woman to be distracted from pain during contractions. As labour advances, contractions become long, intense and more rapid. The trick is to breathe slow and take shallow breaths. Another breathing pattern is to pant slowly saying “hee, hee, hee”. It is fine to breathe through the nose or mouth, as you prefer. There is no rule about how many breaths are to be taken but as labour advances and contractions get stronger, speeding up and taking shallower breaths is known to be effective.
Advantages
The Lamaze method of childbirth is very popular due to the following advantages:
Participation from your partner makes the birth process special. It actively involves your partner who will then be able to better understand every change that you went through.
It helps to understand the birthing process better and hence be ready to face it. It also focuses on relieving stress by encouraging women to talk about their feelings and diverting their attention away from contractions during childbirth.
Reducing the intervention of medicines during childbirth to ease the pain by using natural techniques.
Disadvantages
Every technique has its own drawbacks. It is important to know these too before you decide what you need for yourself.
Pain in labour is unavoidable. The techniques offered in Lamaze help you to keep your attention away from it but not eradicate it.
It calls for a lot of endurance and execution from a pregnant woman which at this stage she may not be able to deliver.
Your partner and you may not always be in the right mental state to dedicate time for the classes.
Lamaze classes can be expensive.
Important Tips
Always check if the educator has a Certified Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator certificate. You can use an online search and check with friends for the best available educator.
Be open with your educator and discuss your concerns regarding medication, childbirth and breastfeeding to receive the right advice.
Have a clear understanding of the technique before you opt for it so that you can appreciate it the right way.
Practice breathing techniques throughout your pregnancy to keep yourself in control
Try to identify your best mode of relaxation apart from breathing so that you can use it to ease your childbirth experience.
Conclusion: The Lamaze birthing method is not just about breathing, but also about experiencing the process of childbirth with your partner. There is a lot of responsibility on the mother during childbirth and it makes the process easier if she knows what to expect and is confident. Having a baby is one of the biggest moments in life and be ready to embrace this moment in your life the special way. Read more
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Uterine Inversion – All You Need To Know
Uterine inversion is a potentially fatal maternal condition where the uterus either partially or completely falls outside cervix or even vagina. In simple terms it can be called “Uterus turning inside out”.
What is Uterine Inversion?
Uterine inversion is a life-threatening obstetric emergency which is very rare but can lead to serious ill effects like hypovolemic shock, severe haemorrhage and even death in extreme conditions. The fundus of the uterus is found to pass out of cervix and even vagina causing inversion of the uterus.
How Common is Uterine Inversion?
The Incidence of uterine inversion usually varies and can range from 1 case in 2000 to 1 case in every 50,000 births. In a much broader range, it can occur in about 1 in 3,000 births. The mother’s survival rate is only about 85% and can lead to death.
What are the Grades of inversion?
Uterine inversion has 4 degrees or grades based on its severity. This includes:
1st - Incomplete inversion- the top of the uterus (fundus) has collapsed and is still inside the cavity, but if it comes out it does only till cervix and does not exceed cervical external.
2nd - Complete inversion- the uterus protrudes inside-out and comes out through the cervix.
3rd - Prolapsed inversion- the fundus of the uterus comes out of the vagina.
4th - Total inversion- both the uterine fundus and vagina protrude inside-out beyond vaginal introitus (this is mainly seen in cases of cancer rather than childbirth).
What are the Causes of Uterine Inversion?
Major etiological factors leading to uterine inversion include:
Excessive cord traction in the third stage of labour
Improper discharge of placenta after child birth
Forceful expulsion of placenta by doctors using medical aid
Tension on the umbilical cord
Prior deliveries.
Long labour (more than 24 hours).
Use of the muscle relaxants (like magnesium sulphate) during labour
Short umbilical cord
Fetal macrosomia
Excessive fundal pressure due to fundal implantation of placenta
Placenta accrete – Invasion of placenta deeply into the uterine walls
Ligament laxity
Congenital abnormalities of the uterus
Are There Any Symptoms of Uterine Inversion?
Some of the possible symptoms that can be noticed during Uterine inversion are:
Protrusion of uterus from the vagina
Displacement of uterus from its original place
Excess loss of blood i.e severe haemorrhage or a rapid fall in blood pressure
Symptoms of hypovolemic shock (lightheadedness, dizziness, coldness, tiredness, shortness of breath)
Tachycardia – Rapid increase in heart rate.
How is Uterine Inversion Diagnosed?
Quick and reliable diagnosis is important and can prevent maternal death. Signs of uterine inversion are as follows:
Protrusion of vagina
Displaced fundus from its place (abdominal area) during abdominal palpitation
Severe haemorrhage
Rapid fall in blood pressure (hypotension)
Signs of shock (blood loss)
Scans (such as ultrasound or MRI) that may be used in some cases to confirm the diagnosis
Uterine fundus beyond vaginal introitus
3rd degree inversion of uterus
The Echogenicity of the endometrium shows the shape of the letter C and the echogenicity of the uterus shows the shape of the letter H during ultrasound
Factors that can Increase the Risk of Uterine Inversion
Risk factors that can worsen a maternal condition that are noticed in uterine inversion include:
Severe bleeding
Shock
Trauma
Treatment for Uterine Inversion
Uterine inversion management options include:
Reposition of maternal fundus back through cervix
Relaxation of uterus using relaxants that can further help in re-positioning the uterus
After complete placement of uterus, continuous Intravenous infusion of oxytocin is provided to make the uterus firm and keep it in position, which further controls the bleeding.
Until uterus is at its place, the doctor may keep applying pressure by using one hand inside the vagina and other over the abdominal area (superficially) to compress the uterus and stop the bleeding.
The major surgical techniques for uterine inversion management are described below:
Huntington - Clamps are placed on the round ligament, near its insertion in the uterus, and traction is applied while the doctor exerts traction on the contralateral way through the vagina. It is the simplest technique and has a lower risk of complications.
Haultaim – Preferred when the first technique is a failure. Here in this method, an incision is made in the posterior portion of the ring formed by the cervix in order to increase the size of the ring and thus reposition the uterus.
Another surgical technique was given by Spinelli. In this method, the surgeon performs a dissection of the vesicouterine space and makes an incision on the cervix, allowing the uterus to return to its original position.
Hydrostatic pressure technique is an alternative method where balloons are generally placed intravaginally and filled by a saline solution to increase the pressure on the uterine fundus resulting in pushing the uterus to its initial position.
In extreme conditions where there are higher chances of maternal death, the uterus is completely removed by surgery.
Monitoring of vaginal bleeding and for other symptoms will be done continuously.
Blood transfusion is made for proper replacement, also supplemented by antibiotics to prevent further complications like infection.
Until the condition is stabilized the mother is kept under close observation for any other signs of degradation in her condition..
Post-discharge dietary changes and lifestyle modification plays an essential role which could also be called as part of treatment.
Will You Suffer From Uterine Inversion In Your Next Pregnancy?
Yes, there are higher chances of Uterine inversion in next pregnancy of you have already suffered one. As with any pregnancy complication or other medical problem, the complete medical history has to be provided to the doctor for proper care and management. This will help the practitioner in further reducing the complications associated with the condition.
Things to remember
It is always advisable to keep a track of medical history provide the same to the doctor, and talk to them for proper medical advice and to prevent further risk of uterine inversion in the future.
Conclusion
Uterine inversion is a fatal condition which requires diagnosis in advance and also proper management as quickly as it occurs. Irrespective of the approach, vaginal or surgical, prompt treatment is the best way to deal with uterine inversion to prevent maternal death. Read more
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Loving Your Children and Nurturing Their Mental Health Is Important for All Parents
Kids like to play a lot. Parents need to expose them to nature so that they can adapt to it. Nature is the first teacher for everyone. We remember playing on the streets with our parents and friends. Let our children experience the same joy too. Play with them more often; even when you are not in the best of your moods or on tiring or tough days, never neglect to play with them. Playing games allows you to connect more with your kid, strengthening the bond between you and them. Kids start loving you more and feel more connected to you.
Allow them to play outdoors as it is a good physical activity that will build them stronger physically and keep them healthy in body and mind. I’m not a parent yet, but I hope to grow my child as an emotionally and physically fit person. As a parent, I won’t pressurize them to achieve great goals in life. I’ll allow them to grow independently and will be happy to see them happy in whatever they do. For me, their mental health is more important than anything. I’ll try to spend more time with them and love them until eternity.
I have seen my little sisters and cousins grow up. It feels like seeing your children grow. Every time I am with them, I feel I am the happiest person alive, and the same feeling reciprocates in their love for me.
Children like people who spend time with them. They are very simple-minded, innocent, and pure. The only thing they know is to love you back selflessly. It is important for parents to love their children unconditionally and understand them and their requirements as their world might be different from ours.
I would request all readers to bear with me as this is my first blog article. I want to sincerely apologize to all readers if I have made any mistakes. Lastly, I want to thank all the mothers because there is no living without a mother, and there is no life without her being around.
Kindly wish for me to become a mother soon.
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her. Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
10 hours ago
Q. ninth month mein kab tak delivery ho sakti hai
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
10 hours ago
A. anytime after full term ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
10 hours ago
Q. my last period date Dec 26 pregnancy test date January 31 check panen apom 37 days ipom enaku evlo weeks and days what ?..
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
10 hours ago
A. I don’t understand your language can you please post your question once again in English or Hindi whatever language you are more comfortable with because anybody on this only we can give you response on that
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
10 hours ago
Q. which good formula milk or baby food for 4 months old baby
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
10 hours ago
A. no complementary foods below 4 months can use any branded formula milk. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
10 hours ago
Q. Iam 9month pregnant and having very painful condition due to constipation and gastric issues
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
10 hours ago
A. during pregnancy better not to take medicines for constipation take lot of water green leafy vegetables seasonal fruits you can try suppository if the problem is more o k o k
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 7 months
8 hours ago
Q. hi Doc,
eating raw mango, chapathi or any heat producing foods cause miscarriage during first trimester?
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
7 hours ago
A. no relation ok c. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Vandan H Kumar has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 7 months
7 hours ago
Q. Hi Doc,
I'm getting cramps on my right side of lower stomach. is this normal or do I have to visit doc?
Dr Vandan H Kumar
Paediatrician
7 hours ago
A. without examination it is difficult to tell proper treatment as well as advice so you should visit the doctor5 for health assessment as well as examination.
whether any investigations is required or not will be told by the doctor5
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