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poonam kanwar
Guardian of a 3 m old girl
1 min ago
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#grandphoto
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Tuberculosis In Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a crucial time in your life. It is precious time during which you start to bond with your child. But a disease during your pregnancy could give you reasons to worry as it may adversely affect your child’s health. One such deadly disease is Tuberculosis.
What is Tuberculosis?
Pulmonary Tuberculosis, more commonly known as TB, is an infection caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis which most commonly affects your lungs. Sometimes, it can also affect some other parts of your body like kidneys, spine, uterus, bones, brain, and nervous system.
How is it Caused?
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused mainly by bacteria that are released into the air by human beings. Human beings are the only known reservoirs of the TB-bacterium; this means, the bacterium cannot live outside of the human body. Every time a person harbouring the bacterium in their body spits, coughs, or sneezes, they expel the bacteria with the microscopic droplets that are exhaled in the air.
When your body is infected with tuberculosis, it can react to it in three ways:
Your immune system will kill the bacteria entirely
You may suffer from latent TB
You may suffer from active TB
What is Latent TB?
Sometimes your immune system is unable to kill the bacteria entirely but manages to protect the body by building a defensive wall around the bacteria. The bacteria remain in the body but don’t cause any harm.
These bacteria can, however, emerge when your immune system is weakened and cause symptoms of TB.This is known as latent TB.
What is Active TB?
If the immune system in your body is unable to fight the bacteria, then a series of symptoms occur which are diagnosed as Tuberculosis.
Common Symptoms of Active Tuberculosis in a Pregnant Woman
Most symptoms of Tuberculosis include:
A persistent cough (usually more than 3 weeks long) that generates sputum or phlegm
Weight loss
Fever
Pain in the chest
Weakness and fatigue
Loss of breath
Loss of appetite
Night sweats
Nausea
Many-a-times due to the changes in your immune system, the common symptoms of TB in pregnancy are hidden. This makes it difficult to diagnose TB, and it can even go undiagnosed until delivery.
How Contagious is Tuberculosis?
Only the people who are suffering from active TB have the chances of spreading the disease.
1. How does TB Spread?
If the person suffering from active TB coughs or sneezes, the bacteria are expelled out of the body along with the microdroplets of sputum, phlegm, etc., similar to the virus in common cold. If a healthy person inhales these droplets, they can lead to active TB being triggered.
2. How can you Catch TB?
You are in the highest danger of contracting pulmonary TB during pregnancy if you have a weakened immune system or spend a lot of time with an infected person. However, just a brief exposure during pregnancy like shaking hands, travelling in the bus, sharing food, talking, etc. will not lead to a TB infection. In fact, these things cannot cause TB in any healthy individual; it is a misconception that TB can be contracted through touch, or by sharing food, talking, etc.
There is a higher risk of you catching TB if:
There are many TB cases near or around you
You remain close to a person with active TB
You have a disease that compromises your immune system, leaving you more susceptible to contracting TB
You are a smoker
You have poor health or low standard of living conditions
Effects of TB on Pregnancy
The best way to describe tuberculosis during pregnancy is that it is a double edged sword where one end is the harm TB can cause to the baby, and the other is the progression of the disease.
A large portion of the population suffers from TB. It can lead to maternal mortality, which is the third leading cause of death in pregnant women between the ages 15 to 45. There are several effects of Tuberculosis, some of which are listed down below.
Effect on the Mother
Diagnosis of pulmonary Tuberculosis in pregnancy is difficult due to the change in the immune system
Initially, the weight loss in the disease is masked by the weight gain of the pregnancy. The mother can also experience a stunted weight gain
Improper treatment can worsen the disease
TB increases the chances of abortion and miscarriage and a stunted growth of the baby
Premature labour
Low birth weight
Increased chances of neonatal mortality
Late diagnosis of the disease can further increase the chances of preterm labour by nine folds
Effect on the Foetus
The complications of TB in pregnancy also gravely affect the baby in several ways. Some of these are as follows:
The disease can spread from the mother to the baby through the umbilical cord. This is called congenital tuberculosis.
Congenital TB is defined as TB caused among infants at the time of birth (typically during passage through the birth canal, or while the baby is in the mother's womb). However, unlike other congenital diseases, the symptoms of congenital TB are often not specific, while many mothers do not show any kind of symptoms (spec ific or general).
Can cause a swelling in the liver or the spleen
Can cause respiratory problems
Fever
Affects the lymph nodes and hampers proper functioning
How to Diagnose Tuberculosis during Pregnancy?
If you have a cough with sputum generation for over three weeks, the basic diagnosis includes the testing of this sputum to see if there are any disease causing bacteria. This test can identify most forms of TB. The doctors need two samples of your sputum for this so you can be called again.
This is generally followed by a chest X-ray, blood test, and skin test. Make sure you go ahead with all the tests recommended by the doctor as the potential harm to the baby due to TB is much higher than any test. All of these methods help determine if you have active TB.
Test done during Tuberculosis
A skin test called Mantoux test is done by injecting a small amount of Tuberculin in the epidermis of your skin. If there is a swelling in this area within 48 to 72 hour, it means that the test is positive for latent TB. This Tuberculosis test in pregnancy is done to determine whether you have latent TB.
Treating TB during Pregnancy
It is important that you pay attention to the management of tuberculosis in pregnancy to avoid harming yourself and the baby. Similar to any other bacterial infection, TB is also treated with a course of antibiotics. It can be cured entirely if detected at an early stage and if you complete the course of antibiotics without any interruptions. The course can last anywhere between 6 to 9 months, but can also extend further depending on the severity of the disease.
You will feel better a few weeks after the medication, but this doesn’t mean that you are completely cured of the disease. The bacteria can still be alive and can even cause a relapse. Some other times, the bacteria can develop resistance to the medication, making it more difficult to cure the disease.
Make sure you start receiving treatment as soon as possible to avoid harming both you and your newborn. Make sure you also do the following:
Eat a healthy and balanced diet.
Breathe as much fresh air as possible.
Don’t miss any doctor’s appointments.
Mention any side effects to your doctor, like headaches, changes in vision, nausea, etc.
TB Medication to avoid during Pregnancy
It can be difficult to stick to the treatment due to fear of the medication harming the baby or pregnancy related nausea. However, most first line medications for TB are safe for treatment during pregnancy. These include isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide.
It is recommended that you avoid streptomycin if you are pregnant. This is effective in treating TB but can result in loss of hearing or balance in your child. This is common in at least one out of six babies.
You must also take extreme care if you are undergoing treatment with isoniazid. It can cause drug-induced hepatitis which can hinder the treatment of tuberculosis. In case you are affected by hepatitis, then your liver function is closely monitored, and some drugs like methadone are used to allow your liver to function properly. Isoniazid can, however, be taken without any harm along with a dose of Vitamin B6.
Does TB Harm the Baby’s Development?
Tuberculosis transfers from the mother to the baby through the umbilical cord in only a few cases where the mother leaves the disease untreated. With proper medication, this can be avoided.
However in case your baby is affected with TB, then it can cause a lot of harm to the baby. Not only does TB lead to miscarriage and preterm labour, but it also causes a series of issues in the baby too. Some of these include stunted growth, enlargement of spleen or liver, fever, and respiratory issues.
Tuberculosis in pregnancy risks the life of both you and your child, and it is necessary that you take good care. Make sure you avoid exposure to this disease by keeping away from people who are infected with TB. After all, prevention is always better than cure.
However if you do catch the disease, don’t worry about tuberculosis pregnancy risk as yet. There are several ways you can get treated, and the best way to make the treatments effective is to remain positive at all times. Increased stress levels can not only affect your child but can also hinder the treatment. Read more
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Low Sex Drive? Avoiding These 9 Foods Right from Today Will Fix It!
Ladies, identify your bedroom enemy before it disrupts your sex drive. There are unsuspecting food items lurking in every friendly corner that can cause your carnal urges to plummet. Remember to eat these foods only in moderation if you don't want to feel unsexy!
Have you been noticing a sudden slump in your sex life and wondering what could have possibly gone wrong? Chances are your food is wrong! Peep into some foods that bring down estrogen levels in women and should be taken only in limited quantities for bedroom action to thrive.
Foods That Wreck Your Sex Life
1. Holy Cow! Milk Products too?
Did you know that cow's milk is responsible for up to 80 percent of the total quantity of estrogen consumed in the diet? The synthetic hormones in cow's milk can mess with your estrogens and halt your sexual drive. Little wonder then that milk products top the list of foods that lower estrogen levels in women. If you must, go in for non-dairy milk products such as soy, rice or almond milk.
2. Sweetening Agents with a Sour Aftertaste
Concerned about getting rid of that extra bulge? Avoiding sugar and sweetened products like never before? Good! However, remember that if you are using sweetening agents of the artificial kind, you are inviting trouble from aspartame - an ingredient that interferes with serotonin, your sex hormone! Instead, sweeten your beverages and foods with natural stuff like honey or jaggery.
3. Corn Flakes
If you're looking for foods that decrease libido in women, don't go farther away than the breakfast table. We're talking about corn flakes! This breakfast cruncher packs a world of carbohydrates and grains which can make you enervated and a bit slow. Regardless of whether you're looking forward to a romantic breakfast or an easy-to-make snack just before bedtime, it’s best to keep cornflakes at a safe distance.
4. Say Cheese, No More!
Some cheese sold on the racks may boast of high-fat content and cause grave damage to your physical health. Not just that, such products also belong to the category of foods that reduce sex drive. Over consumption may induce toxins that interfere with the natural production of mood uplifting hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone. In extreme cases, they may also lead to complete sexual dysfunction. Yikes!
5. Coffee Blues
Your first cup of coffee in the morning may trigger a happier mood, but then, too much of the same will shoot up stress hormones like cortisol in your system. Excessive caffeine causes stress as well as hormonal imbalances. To create that mood for romance, it’s best to reduce the coffee intake from your and your partner's diet.
6. Alcohol
A glass or two of beer or wine can set your mood right for the night. However, if you think that downing the entire bottle will enhance your desire then you’re highly mistaken. Too much alcohol can reduce your sensitivity to touch, which means an orgasm might be elusive. So drink within limits to set the mood; just don’t guzzle everything. That goes for hubby too!
7. Canned food
The high level of sodium in canned food can cause acidity, not the best condition to get you turned on. As much as you can, avoid these foods before having intercourse. However, if you’re too lazy to cook or have no other option but to rely on canned food, rinse the contents in water to get rid of the excessive salt. Try not to consume the liquid in the can too.
8. Oats
Rich in proteins, oats are a great way to kick-start your day especially if you’re feeling constipated. Researchers state that oatmeal not only keeps you energised but also aids your body in producing the stress-reducing hormone, serotonin, which boosts your sex drive. However, despite these pros, they’re included in the list of what not to eat before sex so limit them to just one bowl at a time. Having too much in one go can have a negative impact on your sex drive.
9. Broccoli
As healthy as it is, broccoli is not very good for your libido. This is because your body produces methane to digest it that results in excess gas and can put your mood off. This doesn’t mean you should stop eating this healthy green that’s rich in vitamins and minerals; just avoid eating it before having sex.
Nothing matches the joy of being intimate with your husband. Stay away from foods that decrease estrogen and make you sullen and dull in bed. Gorge on the right stuff and see your sex life blossom without a halt! Read more
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Language development and all about reading aloud to your child.
Language is highly absorbed upto 6 years of age.
❓❓How to support Language development❓❓
1) Speaking in clear language
❤ Remember- They speak WHAT you speak & they speak HOW you speak It's all absorbed and later expressed❤
2) Allow the child to express and support when he tries to speak. Do not anticipate too much that there's no need for the child to speak.
3) Introduce multiple languages- Talk to your child & introduce different regional languages since beginning. Communication builds vocabulary.
4)Reading aloud
✅When to start
▪︎Earlier the better.
▪︎Many parents start reading through their pregnancy
✅Why to start
Helps in the development of
▪︎Language
▪︎Vocabulary
▪︎Communication skills
✅How to start
▪︎ Join a library OR Invest in books
▪︎Reading a newspaper is fine too
I'm a library person so I enrolled for a library & I prefer selecting & reading different books every week.
✅What to read
▪︎Beginners love picture books.
▪︎So, select books with less/no text
▪︎Start with books which have easy to spot individual pictures
▪︎Make sure book isn't crowded with pictures/text, atleast for the beginners
▪︎Gradually shift from picture books ➡️touch & feel books➡️lift the flap books➡️books with more pictures & text.
❤▪︎Introduce books of different languages❤
Out of 5 books that I pick from the library every week, I always make sure to get two regional languages books (Hindi & Marathi).
❓❓Child doesn't love books❓❓
▪︎Relax
▪︎Don't invite & Don't force
▪︎Let them observe & learn. Show them your love & focus towards reading books
▪︎Take them to the library
▪︎Allow them to choose
▪︎Set up a reading routine
▪︎Set up a tiny reading space (it can be as simple as my DIY bookshelf & a mat.
▪︎Remember, LOVE DEVELOPS GRADUALLY.
▪︎Do not reward. For what you bargain isn't love.
Comment ❤ if you AGREE. Do SAVE this post Read more
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Chikoo Puree
Sapodilla, known as Chikoo in India, is high in fiber content. This makes the sapodilla fruit excellent for digestion. The ready sugars like fructose and sucrose rejuvenate the body with natural energy. Chikoo is a real fruit for a growing baby’s health, as it has a sweet and rich texture. It is safe to introduce sapodilla to infants because it does not cause allergic reactions.
Serves
Preparation Time
Cooking Time
2 People
5 Minutes
00 Minutes
Ingredients
4 small, ripe chikoos
Method
Step 1
Peel and de-seed a fully ripened chikoo.
Step 2
Mash or puree as needed with a spoon or put it in a blender to make a thick paste.
Step 3
Add milk or boiled and cooled water to thin down the consistency if needed.
Nutritional Information
Serving Size 1 fruit medium (60 g)
Calories
73
Sodium
12 mg 1%
Potassium
193 mg 6%
Carbohydrates
16 g 5%
Dietary Fiber
8 g 32%
Sugars
15 g
Protein
1 g
Vitamin A
2%
Vitamin C
25%
Calcium
2%
Iron
10%
*Based on a 2000 calorie diet
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Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
13 hours ago
Q. hllo am in 34 week of pregnancy,cramps in my hand and foots,my pulses is very fast,i feel tiredness internally,are these symptoms are normal
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
12 hours ago
A. get investigations particularly hemoglobin level. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
12 hours ago
Q. i feel some fever internally also
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
12 hours ago
A. please check the temperature and get the investigations. fever can be because of different reasons most of the times viral bacterial sometimes due to less immunity there can be recurrence better to treat only with paracetamol if the fever more than 100degr
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
12 hours ago
Q. Now I am having pain till then my miscarriage has been done at home
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 8 m old girl
11 hours ago
A. I’m sorry I’m unable to understand your query as you haven’t given any detail about it so whatever the situation is you should get a check with your gynaecologist the doctor would be able to give you better help in whatever treatment of precaution you need to require further
shilpi Bhandari has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
8 hours ago
Q. Hello
What is better normal or csec?
shilpi Bhandari
Mom of 2 children
7 hours ago
A. hello dear this is not about which is better this is all about your body and the condition of the baby no doubt the normal procedure is the painful but side effect are not there but after C6 you have to be little more careful and you have to take more precaution but again I am saying that this is not about the better one this is about the condition of your pregnancy
Santu has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due this month
5 hours ago
Q. #asktheexpert
1) till how many days after delivery baby needs to keep on uterus temperatures/warm temperature?
2) Can baby & mother both take bath after 24 hours of delivery?
Santu
Mom of 2 children
5 hours ago
A. It depends on moms and babys health I feel and suggest It's better to check with your doctor and follow their advise. That would be one of the best and safest option for your baby as of now. Take care.
shilpi Bhandari has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
4 hours ago
Q. dual marker test is for what purpose??
shilpi Bhandari
Mom of 2 children
4 hours ago
A. The double marker test helps determine whether the unborn baby has any risk of developing neurological abnormalities or mental disorders
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