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Everything You Need to Know About the Pneumococcal Vaccine
You take all the care in the world to ensure your little one grows safe in your womb. But then she takes her first breath in the real world, and the game changes. There are so many factors that suddenly come into the picture once your little one is born, that try as you may, you may not be able to keep your precious baby safe from harm. One boon of medical advancement that firmly stands by your side at such times is vaccination.
A vaccine is a preparation that is introduced into the body to teach it to fight with different diseases. Vaccines are routinely employed to prevent disease like rubella, measles, chicken pox, hepatitis, etc. in children. However, one disease that gets side-lined quite often is the pneumococcal disease.
Pneumococcal Disease: Causes, Types and Symptoms
The pneumococcal disease is a group of illnesses caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. An infection of this bacterium can manifest in the form of following types of illnesses:
Meningitis – when the bacteria infects the meninges (the protective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord). Symptoms of meningitis in babies include fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and photophobia (fear of light).
Bacteraemia – when the bacteria enter and infect the bloodstream directly. Symptoms include high fever with or without complications such as meningitis, pneumonia, pericarditis (swelling of the pericardium, the protective wall around the heart), peritonitis (swelling of the peritoneum, lining that covers the inner wall of the abdomen) or arthritis from pneumococcal infection.
Bacteraemic Pneumonia – a type of pneumonia (lung infection) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Common symptoms of pneumonia include rapid shallow breathing, shaking chills, cough, fever, chest, congestion, headache and greenish, yellowish or blood-tinged sputum.
Otitis media – infection of the middle ear. Symptoms include an earache, fever and muffled hearing. In young children, frequent tugging at the ear may signal otitis media.
Sinusitis – infection of the sinuses. Symptoms include low-grade fever (less than 100.4 Fahrenheit), running nose, headache, nasal congestion and cough.
Who is at High Risk of Pneumococcal Disease?
Children up to 2 years of age are at highest risk for pneumococcal infection. This is because immunity of young children is very low and it’s very easy for them to catch any kind of infection. Daycare attendance and family child care have been identified as major risk factors – people who are responsible for the care and well-being of your child - this is because Pneumococci are transmitted via air, making it difficult to control and/or avoid infection. A person who has been infected by the bacterium can easily spread it to other people when they cough or sneeze. Infants and young children easily transmit it to other children too, in communal and family settings.
How Does Pneumococcal Disease Spread?
As explained previously, Pneumococci spread from person to person via droplets of respiratory tract secretions: when a person sneezes or coughs, tiny droplets of fluid that contain the bacteria get expelled in the air. Anyone who inhales these droplets is likely to get pneumococcal disease.
Pneumococci are common in the nose and throat of healthy children. In some cases, however, their presence is an indication of oncoming otitis media or an invasive form of pneumococcal disease such as meningitis, bacteraemia and bacteremic pneumonia. In addition, children harbouring this bacterium in their nose and throat can easily infect other children.
Finally, it has been observed that day-care authorities have a higher rate of pneumococcal carriage: this means, these people are more likely to harbour the bacterium in their body, and thereby give rise to pneumococcal disease in children placed in their care. Pneumococcal disease thus contracted can vary in intensity and includes severe, invasive pneumococcal diseases such as bacteraemia and meningitis.
Can Pneumococcal Disease Be Prevented in Children?
Yes.
Vaccination is perhaps the most efficient and cost-effective way of reducing morbidity and mortality caused by the pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal disease can be prevented in children less than 2 years by using pneumococcal vaccines. However, it is important to get the correct vaccine and to complete the dosage recommended in order to protect your child from pneumococcal disease.
About the Pneumococcal Vaccine
The bacterium that causes pneumococcal disease, Streptococcus pneumoniae, has various forms, known as serotypes. So far, over 90 serotypes have been identified. However, of these, 13 serotypes are responsible for a majority of the disease burden – these 13 are the most common cause for the pneumococcal disease.
A few years ago, a vaccine that provides protection against all these 13 serotypes was developed. This is known as the PCV13. It is better to choose the broad coverage PCV13 vaccine when it comes to protecting your child against pneumococcal disease since it provides protection against a higher number of serotypes.
Recommended Doses and Schedule for Pneumococcal Vaccine
This vaccine is recommended to be administered in a series for young children and infants. The series consists of three doses, each taken at the ages of 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks. A booster dose is given between 12 and 15 months. Even if the baby has missed any of these shots, it is imperative to administer the booster. It is also advised that you consult with a doctor to confirm the dosage interval and number.
Apart from the above schedule, the following points are to be remembered:
For a child who missed any of the doses, it is advisable to consult a paediatrician about when she can be given the next dose, and also how many more doses will she be required to take.
For children between 2 and 4 years of age who did not complete their pneumococcal vaccine schedule, 1 dose of the PCV13 vaccine is recommended.
For children who are below 5 years of age and were vaccinated with some other PCV vaccine, 1 additional dose of PCV13 is recommended.
How is the Vaccine Given
The PCV13 vaccine is administered intramuscularly. The site of injection for babies and young children is in the vastus lateralis muscle, which is located in the thigh.
While the vaccine has a lot of benefits and can indeed be a life-saver, there are a few things you need to follow before you take your baby to the doctor to get the shots.
Ask Your Doctor
Find out if your child needs to get the PCV13 vaccine. The answer will most likely be ‘yes’ for any child who is less than 5 years old. However, depending on how many previous doses of the pneumococcal vaccine your child has had, the dosage and/or schedule may vary.
Tell Your Doctor
Inform your doctor about the following things before giving your baby the vaccine:
If your baby has had a high fever at any time in the recent past
If your baby has ever developed an allergic reaction to any food, medicine or vaccine in the past
if your baby has any blood disorder, especially one that makes your baby bleed excessively
If, for whatever reason, your doctor has ever indicated that your baby has a lower/weaker immunity
What Can Mothers Do for Protecting Their Babies from Pneumococcal Disease?
It is of utmost importance for parents to make a careful, precise and unbiased decision in providing the right care to their child. All mothers should consult their treating paediatrician for PCV13, the broad spectrum pneumococcal vaccine, to protect from this disease. Mothers should spend some time with their paediatricians discussing vaccines against pneumococcal disease and ask the paediatrician which pneumococcal vaccine is right for their child and choose wisely. They should also share this information with friends and relatives and help protect against pneumococcal disease.
Also Read: Meningococcal Vaccination: Types, Schedule and Side-effects Read more
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The Dark Side Of Kids' Reality TV Shows That Nobody Wants Parents To Know
The glamour world is very enticing, and when it comes to the one created for kids, it seems promising as a talent platform too. But what really goes on behind the camera? Turns out, being part of this glamorous world might have adverse effects on a child's mental, emotional and physical health! So is it really that promising?
Every child has talent, and as parents, we want the world to see this. Some are budding Michael Jacksons and some may be the next Shreya Ghoshals in the making. Some have artistic skills that are unique and some can enact any character given to them. As they say, every diamond needs polishing to shine bright; every little maestro requires proper guidance, training, and the right audience to exhibit their talent. But the point to be noted is – this is what we wish for as parents. Does your little one want this too? What if his wishes and dreams are different from the ones you see for him?
With the growing trend of reality television, there is no dearth of options to help kids showcase their talent to the world. But the reality of reality television is something that doesn't seem as bright as popularly believed. The truth behind the camera is hidden from the rest of the world and may not be as happy as one would think it would be.
Recently, two very acclaimed Hindi movie directors Shoojit Sircar (Director of the movie Piku and Pink) and Amol Gupte (Director of movies like Stanley ka Dabba and Taare Zameen Par) have requested a ban on kid's reality TV and unveiled the dark side of the glittery world. It sparked a huge social media controversy inviting support and criticism on the issue. Here's what went down.
The Reality of Kids’ Reality TV Show – Glittery or Dark?
Recently taking to Twitter, Shoojit Sircar appealed to authorities to put a ban on kids’ reality television. He said that it takes a toll on a child's overall health.
This tweet sparked a debate on which people expressed their opinions on the issue – in favour as well as in opposition. Soon after this, Amol Gupte shared another incident in an interview to a leading newspaper. He revealed what impact these TV shows actually have on children and their lives.
“They are brought from distant towns to Mumbai and huddled into cheap hotels with their parents. Every morning, they have to travel to the TV studio for rehearsals. These kids are wrenched away from all normal activities and are thrown into a single-minded devotion to lending their voices to these reality shows. They are made to shoot for countless hours, sometimes in humid non-airconditioned rooms. It’s barbaric."
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="430"] Source: http://fashionlingua.blogspot.com/2014/05/star-cast-of-film-hawaa-hawaai-visted.html[/caption]
Amol Gupte talked about an incident where a little mishap on the sets left a little boy scarred for life.
"A little, blind boy had made it to the finals of a singing contest. Throughout the day he was rehearsing under gruelling circumstances for his song and finally at 1 am when he was to record, he lost his voice. The child was traumatised for life."
There are several reality TV shows where kids have to face harsh rejection, and not everyone is able to cope with the whole scenario or take it in their stride. This leads to a great mental and emotional trauma which takes a toll on self-confidence. Yes, it is imperative to teach our young ones to face their fears and take something positive from every situation, however doing so on a national television is perhaps not the correct way to do this.
Watch: Children breakdown due to elimination in a reality series
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTWgRxrRr8w
In another tweet, Meghna Prem, the creative director of some leading TV shows that involve children, replied to Sircar's tweet. He shared how he agreed with the negative effects of kids’ reality shows, even though he was from within the fraternity.
Meghna says, “Teenage kids are expected to diet to look a certain way, dress a certain way. Because unlike yesteryears, today when you are selecting a reality star, s/he can’t just be a great singer and not be good looking.”
These days, kids are not only expected to focus on their singing, acting or dancing but are also expected to be 'groomed' and become overall presentable in front of the camera. They are taught to be prepared for being performers and not merely artistes. They are told to impress the crowd and hence act/behave in a certain manner. Many claim that it takes away the innocence of children – and that is just NOT acceptable.
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="430"] Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfTi3cmLzI8[/caption]
Renowned singer Sunidhi Chauhan, who herself made her debut in the music world through reality TV, also commented on the issue. She drew a parallel between the singing reality shows that existed about two decades ago with those that are on air now. She highlighted how they have now become a sole TRP gaining medium.
“There were no back stories shared with the viewers, it was all about the quality of singing. Their singing will tell their stories, if they are good. I would never want my children to go through this. I don’t think it’s required for any reality show to make children do things that only older people would do. They don’t need to mature ahead of their age.”
The Flipside: What Others Say About Reality TV Shows for Kids
There are always two sides to any story, and while these TV shows have their cons there are many who believe they yield good results. The judge of a leading kids’ reality TV show, famous director Himesh Reshammiya, states that children are always given a choice to continue with the show. Co-judge and acclaimed singer Neha Kakkar too expresses her viewpoint by saying-
https://youtu.be/MMz5VvCQygo
"Life is all about competition. When they can handle challenges at this young age then they can surely have a successful career."
Judge and singer Javed Ali gave examples of personalities who started quite early and reached great heights in their career. He said, "Legends like Lata Mangeshkar, Sachin Tendulkar and others started their career at a very young age. If they had not begun from an early age they wouldn't have been here."
Neha Dhupia, actress, also agrees with this sentiment and says, "I feel it (reality shows) gives them confidence, a stage to perform and gives them direction may be 10 years early in their life. If somebody at the age of 9 or 10 realises that they want to become an actor, so there is no harm if there is a platform or stage is provided to them.”
Moreover, these shows are a one way ticket to instant recognition and fame, something that has attracted many Indian parents in the past. As parents, we only want the best for our child, and that's why we want their talent to be recognized and presented in front of a large audience.
What Attracts Kids To These Shows?
The idea of becoming a household name attracts many, and kids are the most easily influenced amongst them all. Besides, these days, reality talent shows have the attraction of one or more celebrity figures. This draws attention of kids and parents alike.
Here are 3 major reasons reality TV shows for kids see such huge participation.
Instant Fame and GratificationReality TV shows come with many perks. From recording your own label to starring in a movie, from travelling to places including foreign locations to winning big bucks or gifts such as a luxurious car - the incentives are many. Children are easily swayed in by such promises and do want to try their luck with these stints.
Parental PressureIt has been observed that many times kids enter these programmes solely to fulfill their parents’ wishes. In fact, many of the times, it is a parent's unfulfilled dream of being a successful actor or a singer that makes them push their children to live 'their' dream. In other cases, the gratification also entices them to enroll their kids in these shows. Kids are burdened to fulfill their parent's long lost dream.
Genuine Interest in Art FormIn other cases, both the parents and the child are genuinely interested in the art form and want to take a step further into the performing arts world. They choose to give reality television a try to use it to further/initiate their career. These shows aid in building right connections that can help them in in the future if they wish to pursue their career in the field.
Effect of Reality TV on Children & What Parents Must Remember
Reality television has a huge impact on a child's life. It not only affects their daily routine but has an effect on their physical and mental health as well. Opinions differ among mothers, celebrities and experts on whether reality TV for kids is good or bad. But one thing is for certain and without doubt.
Before letting/encouraging our children to take part in such shows, it is imperative to assess why we want our child to do this. In case you are convinced it is the right option, do ensure you get your little one proper counselling from a professional before venturing into the medium.
Here are some negative effects of kids’ reality TV and tips parents must keep in mind to counter them:
Physically Challenging
When a child signs up for any show in any field (singing, acting or dancing), they need to be prepared for long and endless hours of rehearsals and adapting to various environmental conditions on the set. This can cause severe exhaustion and drain out all the energy from them. Not every child has the same level of stamina!What can you do: Ensure your child gets proper rest as well as a healthy and nutritious diet that will help them going throughout the day.
Emotionally Draining
It is important to understand that they are still kids at the end of the day, and any criticism or rejection can actually scar them emotionally. Their self-confidence takes a hit and they are apprehensive of interacting with their peers or stepping into the game again. While some children may easily take failure in their stride, it can be a hard battle for the more sensitive kids.What can you do: Judge of singing reality shows and acclaimed playback singer Shaan has suggested some effective solutions to tackle this problem. Shaan says:
“Counselling is a must on a children's show. There should be a counsellor for kids and parents. And the shows should not be extended just because they are doing well. Children shouldn't be kept away from their regular life for a long period. Some of them even continue to play that same image which got formed during the show. At that age, it is not easy to switch on and switch off. They start talking and behaving in the same way, and that doesn't allow them to grow."
Difficulty in Balancing Studies and Shoot LifeThese days, children face tremendous academic pressure. Therefore, when it comes to fulfilling dual duties, one of them takes a hit. We tend to overlook the fact that they are kids and not machines and cannot be expected to showcase exceptional level of efficiency. Balancing school life, homework and shoot schedules will definitely become a challenge for the little ones.What can you do: It is important to help your child through this all without letting their dreams or their academics suffer. Have a word with school authorities to make your child's submissions and lessons a little flexible so that he/she is able to cope and keep pace with the same. As a parent, you can help your children deal with academic stress and juggle both lves.
Note: These tips also apply when you’re enrolling kids for dance and music classes. It is a great idea indeed to help shape their talent, provided your child has the inclination towards learning the said art. However, it must never turn into a compulsion to widen their horizon of talent. If it is draining them out physically and mentally, and they’re ending up struggling with academics, please reconsider.
Reality television can be difficult to handle even for adults, let alone for kids. Keeping a child's innocence intact through it all is a challenge too. However, with proper support and guidance you can shape their dreams into reality. Remember, encourage your child to take part in competitions and shows only if they have a keen interest. Do ensure you take care of them through this journey. They need your support through it all. Let’s also remember that these shows are a part of their life and NOT their life in entirety. Read more
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New Journey of My Life With My Little One's Presence in My Life
The day I conceived was the most precious day in my life .. from that day onwards my lifestyle totally changed. Everyone in the family cared more for me and most wonderfully pampered me more. I felt like I was flying but staying home all the time was a little hard for me. My growing belly was a good sign for me and hubby. I love my fat because of you, my baby. It was time for the first scan and I was a little nervous but everything was ok. I had to buy new clothes because the old ones were tight with the ending of the first trimester. In the second trimester, I felt more hungry all the time. After some time, I felt his movement's a little. As the days passed, I was able to feel all baby movements.. it's lovely to feel you. Everytime when I used to go to bed, the baby would start his movement. Then, I started reading articles on Firstcry Parenting and on other apps about what is good to eat and doing the same, I cared for myself a lot. In the next scan, I saw you.. for the first time I saw your movement's but baby was less active. I was a little worried about baby but everything was ok in the report. Now in third trimester, I was ready with my hospital bag, read all my required things from Firstcry Parenting, even chatted with customer care service about things I required after my delivery. Ordered my products online from Firstcry and got my bag ready with some little beautiful clothes for my baby. In the last two months, I prepared myself for delivery. In scan now there was a little problem, baby was moving less inside maybe because of less space or I was eating less. But I ran to doctor because of less movement. One day, doctor admitted me in the hospital and applied drip. Everyone in the family had come there to meet me. Baby started his movement normally and doctor discharged me after movement started. I went to doctor many times for less baby movement and she suggested me another scan. Finally ninth month started. My heart beat fast, I was little worried at night and felt more pressure on my abdomen all the time. I was doing some exercise like squats because I wanted normal delivery. Another day, I went to doctor because of less movement, doctor checked high rate of baby's heart beat. She was a little worried and asked my family for C-section. Shifting me day care centre to hospital. Nurses prepared me for delivery, I was worried but I showed to my moms that I was strong enough because I love both of them a lot. I didn't want to make them cry but I was crying inside. Now it was time to leave my room and go into operation theatre and I was nervous. Doctor asked me some question and started their procedure, anaesthesia started working. I was lost somewhere in another world and after sometime, I listened to my baby is crying. Awww I love my baby. When I opened my eye,s I was in operation theatre. My first question was whether my baby was ok, they said ok, after that I asked it's boy or girl, they replied boy. I was happy and I wanted to see my baby. They shifted me to the room. I saw my baby with blurry eyes because of anaesthesia. Now shifted baby to another hospital because of high rate of heart beat. I met my baby after 3 days and he's my everything. From the first day, I have lived for him, he's the reason behind my every smile. He's now 9 months 13 days old. I spend all my time with him. I left studies and am enjoying my motherhood time and salute to all other mothers.
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her. Read more
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Encouraging Young Children to Play Independently With Toys
Many toddlers get into the habit of playing only with others and never alone. Encouraging independent play in toddlers is essential for the child to create and explore. Invest in a few toys that you can give to your child one at a time to encourage them to play independently.
As a parent, you cannot spend each and every minute with your child playing, even if you are a stay-at-home parent. Independent play for toddlers helps the child build creativity and critical thinking. Studies suggest that children who start to play with a new toy on their own are more likely to discover what the toy can do than when a teacher or an adult explains it to them.
5 Tips to Encourage Toddlers to Play Alone With His Toys
1. Start gradually
Independent play doesn’t necessarily mean that you need to leave your child alone in a room. You can sit quietly in a corner in the room watching your child as he plays without interfering, unless they ask for your help. Once the child is absorbed in play, you can move out of the room and keep checking on him at intervals.
2. Praise generously
Encourage your child to play independently by praising him when they play alone. It’s a milestone that they have achieved, and your praise encourages them to play alone more often. Even if they play with a toy in a way that is different, encourage them. For example, if they use train tracks to build a bridge do let them know that what they’ve done is very interesting and don’t forget the praise.
3. Start young
Generally, more than the child it's the parents who're happy to play with the child all the time. In their zeal to focus all their energy on the child, parents teach the child to be dependent on them for playtime and entertainment. Let the child play alone for sometime without interruption. In this manner, the child can get used to playing alone as he/she gets older.
4. Appropriate toys
To encourage independent play in your child, it's important to get the right toys. Pick those that encourage them to think creatively and use their imagination, rather than toys that just need a push of a button. Toys such as blocks, tea sets, and kitchen sets, dollhouses, train sets and play dough encourage a child to use their imagination.
5. Limit screen time
Very often when parents are occupied in their own chores and work, they switch on the television for their child or hand him a smartphone to play with. While these gadgets let the child play without disturbing you, they're not doing much in terms of helping his development. Rather than putting your child in front of a screen, hand them a piece of paper and crayon to scribble with.
Encouraging independent play in 13 months old baby may seem like a tough task, especially if your toddler is clingy and wants your attention all the time. Doing it slowly and patiently is the trick. However, don’t overwhelm your child with too many new toys at once, as it will just make the child feel distracted. Get your child one toy at a time, so you can extract the maximum potential from the child, and the toy. Read more
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
12 hours ago
Q. when baby is kick? I'm 13 weeks pregnant
Dr Laxmi Chavan-Sawant
Ayurvedic Gynaecologist
12 hours ago
A. during first pregnancy you may feel the baby movements after 24 to 25 weeks of pregnancy and till then only mild flatters may be felt but which you may not be feeling if you are doing some work
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 2 months
11 hours ago
Q. I’m in my 31 week 1 day of pregnancy. What will be my delivery date??
As I have low lying placenta with grade 1 maturity.
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
11 hours ago
A. you had to correlate is ultrasound examination. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 2 months
11 hours ago
Q. My hemoglobin is 6.4 from 28 weeks of pregnancy. Now I’m 31 weeks pregnant. What should I do?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
11 hours ago
A. Haven’t when you having some kind of iron supplement because they’re very good during the time of pregnancy if you are not having one you need to start with and whatever tabs you take you should just take it with any good juice specially pomegranate juice that’s going to help in doubling the impact of the medicine that you’re taking secondly try and include more of Iron which diet like spinach broccoli beetroot pomegranate black rice sweet potato these things are exceptionally healthy for you to consume
Rashmi has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 2 months
10 hours ago
Q. This is my cbc report
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
10 hours ago
A. No there is nothing visible on my wall so I can really really cannot help you can you please repose the question once again providing all the necessary details as once I’m certain what are you talking about what’s mentioned in the report according to that I can provide you proper help on your question
Dr Sameer awadhiya has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
8 hours ago
Q. #asktheexpert
now I'm 24 weeks. Sometimes I'm feeling pain in my thigh.
Dr Sameer awadhiya
Paediatrician
8 hours ago
A. For thegh query asked needs consultation with doctor for proper guidance so it is better that the doctor will guide you the correct way .
Onlfine consultation can also be taken and the expert will give you the proper answer .
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
4 hours ago
Q. #asktheexpert
what is the pain killer than can be taken by a breastfeeding mother to deal with pain of stitches after delivery?
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
1 hour ago
A. dolo 650 safe analgesic. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
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