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Keeping Pets in Pregnancy - Is It Safe?
Pets and pregnancy risk brought by them is something that is very real. These are animals, after all, and bring with them numerous germs and microbes. With a weak immunity in a pregnant woman, the chances of these microbes finding an easy way to reach the child cannot be ignored and must be met with good caution.
Can You Keep Pets during Pregnancy?
The presence of pets during pregnancy and their degree of safety depends on the type of pet. While most common pets such as dogs and cats do not bring much harm, other fringe pet choices may not be the best companions for a pregnant woman.
Risks of Different Pets to You during Pregnancy
While having pets at home may not be an evident risk for your pregnancy, it is best to keep certain pets away from home for that duration and keep a few aspects in mind regarding the others.
1. Dogs
Most families tend to have dogs as pets at home. Generally, dogs during pregnancy tend to be quite friendly and are not exactly a risk for you unless you are allergic to any aspect of those. However, there are few things to watch out for.
Possible Risks
Certain dogs tend to have a habit of licking your hands or your face or even biting randomly. These can transfer infection or germs and put your pregnancy at risk.
A few overexcited dogs have a habit of jumping on their owners when they are happy. Your dog jumping on your pregnant belly is not without harm.
Safety Tips
Teaching your dog to behave well is important. At the same time, make sure he gets acquainted with other people in the home more than you so that he can be comfortable around them in the baby’s presence.
All the immunisations for your dog should be completed well before the pregnancy reaches its final trimester.
2. Cats
Cats and pregnancy don’t turn out to be the best companions due to a few major risks that their presence brings in the home.
Possible Risks
Many cats tend to carry a parasite within them that finds its way into their faeces. If you come in contact with those, it can result in toxoplasmosis.
Your cat can come in contact with other cats and jump into external areas, bring with it germs and microbes which can be harmful.
Safety Tips
Let someone else take the responsibility of cleaning the cat’s litter and looking after her.
Make sure your cat stays inside the home or ventures out only when supervised.
3. Hamsters, Guinea Pigs and Mice
While hamsters, mice, and guinea pigs might look cute, any kind of rats and pregnancy brings a massive risk along with it. Pregnant women need to be extra careful in the presence of these.
Possible Risks
Many animals like these might be carrying a virus called as LMV, or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. It can cause a pregnant woman to suffer from a miscarriage or even be responsible for the development of defects in the unborn baby.
These are quite easy to be contracted since they can come from touching the animal’s litter, or being bit by it or even breathing in the dust that emerges from their body.
Safety Tips
Keep your pets in a different room of the house and stay away from that area. Make sure someone else takes care of them.
Whoever enters that room, including children, should limit their physical contact with the pets. They should also sanitise their hands and wash any areas that have come in contact with the animals after coming out of the room.
4. Reptiles
Some people love to have unorthodox and exotic pets like turtles and lizards. Reptiles and pregnancy don’t generally share a good history and can be a source of harm for the child.
Possible Risks
Many reptiles tend to carry a lot of germs with them. There is also a good chance of salmonella being present on their bodies, which can easily cause miscarriage.
A negative test of salmonella for a reptile doesn’t make it safe since salmonella that is shed from their body tends to occur at random intervals.
Safety Tips
The only way to ensure your safety and the unborn child’s wellbeing during pregnancy is to make sure the reptile is shifted out of the house before childbirth. Make sure your house is cleaned properly after that.
5. Birds
Birds are usually in their cages and the only interaction that takes place is while feeding them or cleaning the cages. However, birds and human pregnancy are also not exactly the best combination to be put together.
Possible Risks
While birds might seem cleaner, by comparison, they do tend to have a lot of bacteria and germs on them, including salmonella, chlamydiosis and many others.
These infections are known to cause miscarriage or even premature birth, leading to a child being stillborn.
Safety Tips
The job of cleaning the bird and the cage should be fully taken up by some other person at all times, maintaining good hygiene standards after the job is done.
As a safety measure, you can take the bird to a vet and get a checkup done. Your vet can provide you with countermeasures, should any harmful germs be detected on your pet.
6. Farm Animals
Pregnant women and farm animals are best kept away from each other as much as possible. Even if you don’t own a farm yourself, a small picnic or a trip of sorts to a place with farm animals can deem to be harmful, too.
Possible Risks
A lot of farm animals carry tons of germs and bacteria on their bodies. These range from salmonella, campylobacter and even listeria, which is known to trigger a miscarriage or even a serious infection.
The presence of dead animals or elements can further make the entire place unhygienic.
Safety Tips
Farm animals are best handled by someone else and it is important to clean your hands intensively after every interaction with an animal.
Also, restricting to pasteurised milk during pregnancy can reduce the risk of contracting listeria from a farm animal’s product.
While pets help in instilling a wonderful atmosphere at home, the priority during pregnancy should always be the wellbeing of the child. Taking a few safety measures and shifting the animal temporarily to a new home can be quite beneficial and keep you healthy throughout the pregnancy.
Also Read: Benefits of Going To Beach during Pregnancy Read more
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Uterine Inversion – All You Need To Know
Uterine inversion is a potentially fatal maternal condition where the uterus either partially or completely falls outside cervix or even vagina. In simple terms it can be called “Uterus turning inside out”.
What is Uterine Inversion?
Uterine inversion is a life-threatening obstetric emergency which is very rare but can lead to serious ill effects like hypovolemic shock, severe haemorrhage and even death in extreme conditions. The fundus of the uterus is found to pass out of cervix and even vagina causing inversion of the uterus.
How Common is Uterine Inversion?
The Incidence of uterine inversion usually varies and can range from 1 case in 2000 to 1 case in every 50,000 births. In a much broader range, it can occur in about 1 in 3,000 births. The mother’s survival rate is only about 85% and can lead to death.
What are the Grades of inversion?
Uterine inversion has 4 degrees or grades based on its severity. This includes:
1st - Incomplete inversion- the top of the uterus (fundus) has collapsed and is still inside the cavity, but if it comes out it does only till cervix and does not exceed cervical external.
2nd - Complete inversion- the uterus protrudes inside-out and comes out through the cervix.
3rd - Prolapsed inversion- the fundus of the uterus comes out of the vagina.
4th - Total inversion- both the uterine fundus and vagina protrude inside-out beyond vaginal introitus (this is mainly seen in cases of cancer rather than childbirth).
What are the Causes of Uterine Inversion?
Major etiological factors leading to uterine inversion include:
Excessive cord traction in the third stage of labour
Improper discharge of placenta after child birth
Forceful expulsion of placenta by doctors using medical aid
Tension on the umbilical cord
Prior deliveries.
Long labour (more than 24 hours).
Use of the muscle relaxants (like magnesium sulphate) during labour
Short umbilical cord
Fetal macrosomia
Excessive fundal pressure due to fundal implantation of placenta
Placenta accrete – Invasion of placenta deeply into the uterine walls
Ligament laxity
Congenital abnormalities of the uterus
Are There Any Symptoms of Uterine Inversion?
Some of the possible symptoms that can be noticed during Uterine inversion are:
Protrusion of uterus from the vagina
Displacement of uterus from its original place
Excess loss of blood i.e severe haemorrhage or a rapid fall in blood pressure
Symptoms of hypovolemic shock (lightheadedness, dizziness, coldness, tiredness, shortness of breath)
Tachycardia – Rapid increase in heart rate.
How is Uterine Inversion Diagnosed?
Quick and reliable diagnosis is important and can prevent maternal death. Signs of uterine inversion are as follows:
Protrusion of vagina
Displaced fundus from its place (abdominal area) during abdominal palpitation
Severe haemorrhage
Rapid fall in blood pressure (hypotension)
Signs of shock (blood loss)
Scans (such as ultrasound or MRI) that may be used in some cases to confirm the diagnosis
Uterine fundus beyond vaginal introitus
3rd degree inversion of uterus
The Echogenicity of the endometrium shows the shape of the letter C and the echogenicity of the uterus shows the shape of the letter H during ultrasound
Factors that can Increase the Risk of Uterine Inversion
Risk factors that can worsen a maternal condition that are noticed in uterine inversion include:
Severe bleeding
Shock
Trauma
Treatment for Uterine Inversion
Uterine inversion management options include:
Reposition of maternal fundus back through cervix
Relaxation of uterus using relaxants that can further help in re-positioning the uterus
After complete placement of uterus, continuous Intravenous infusion of oxytocin is provided to make the uterus firm and keep it in position, which further controls the bleeding.
Until uterus is at its place, the doctor may keep applying pressure by using one hand inside the vagina and other over the abdominal area (superficially) to compress the uterus and stop the bleeding.
The major surgical techniques for uterine inversion management are described below:
Huntington - Clamps are placed on the round ligament, near its insertion in the uterus, and traction is applied while the doctor exerts traction on the contralateral way through the vagina. It is the simplest technique and has a lower risk of complications.
Haultaim – Preferred when the first technique is a failure. Here in this method, an incision is made in the posterior portion of the ring formed by the cervix in order to increase the size of the ring and thus reposition the uterus.
Another surgical technique was given by Spinelli. In this method, the surgeon performs a dissection of the vesicouterine space and makes an incision on the cervix, allowing the uterus to return to its original position.
Hydrostatic pressure technique is an alternative method where balloons are generally placed intravaginally and filled by a saline solution to increase the pressure on the uterine fundus resulting in pushing the uterus to its initial position.
In extreme conditions where there are higher chances of maternal death, the uterus is completely removed by surgery.
Monitoring of vaginal bleeding and for other symptoms will be done continuously.
Blood transfusion is made for proper replacement, also supplemented by antibiotics to prevent further complications like infection.
Until the condition is stabilized the mother is kept under close observation for any other signs of degradation in her condition..
Post-discharge dietary changes and lifestyle modification plays an essential role which could also be called as part of treatment.
Will You Suffer From Uterine Inversion In Your Next Pregnancy?
Yes, there are higher chances of Uterine inversion in next pregnancy of you have already suffered one. As with any pregnancy complication or other medical problem, the complete medical history has to be provided to the doctor for proper care and management. This will help the practitioner in further reducing the complications associated with the condition.
Things to remember
It is always advisable to keep a track of medical history provide the same to the doctor, and talk to them for proper medical advice and to prevent further risk of uterine inversion in the future.
Conclusion
Uterine inversion is a fatal condition which requires diagnosis in advance and also proper management as quickly as it occurs. Irrespective of the approach, vaginal or surgical, prompt treatment is the best way to deal with uterine inversion to prevent maternal death. Read more
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ঘুমের সময় নো গান নো সুড়সুড় নো হাতের মৃদু চাপড়.. বালিশ মশারি মাস্ট ..
এতে আমি না থাকলেও ওর খাওয়া আর ঘুম নিয়ে কখনো বেগ পেতে হয়নি কাউকে...
ছোট থেকে মানে সেই চারমাস বয়স থেকে বারবার টয়লেট করিয়েছি বিছানার বাইরে প্রতি আধঘন্টায় এতে বিছানায় টয়লেট করার আগে ও অস্বস্তি দেখাত কিম্বা কাঁদত . আর যে দেখবে ওকে তার ও বুঝতে অসুবিধে হবেনা ও টয়লেট করবে.. ফলে ভিজেতে শুয়ে থাকতে হয়নি কখনো আর ঠান্ডা লাগা নিয়েও ভাবতে হয়নি আমাকে সারাদিন বাড়ির বাইরে থেকেও... মুখে হাত দেওয়া কিম্বা যা কিছু মুখে পুরে যাতে না দেয় সেদিকে স্ট্রিক্টলি লক্ষ্য রাখতে বলেছি দিদিকে... আসলে দাঁত ওঠার সময় দাঁতে যে সিড়সিড়ানি হয় তাতেই ওরা মুখে পুরতে চায় কিছু আর বাচ্চারা সব কিছু জিভ দিয়ে চিনতে চায়.. আমরা একটু কনশাস থাকলেই এই সমস্যা থেকে মুক্তি পাওয়া যায়..
নেক্সট, জামা কাপড় পরিচ্ছন্ন রাখা.. খুব ছোট থেকে প্রতি ঘন্টায় জামা বদল.. আরেক্টু বড় হলে দিনে চারবার.. সকালে, স্নানেরপর,বিকেলে ঘুম থেকে উঠে আর রাতে শুতে যাবার আগে.. এতে ওর স্কিন প্রবলেম কম আসবে বলে মনে হয়েছিল... আমার ডাক্তার বলেছিলেন দিনে চারটে ফিড দিতে সকাল দুপুর বিকেল রাত... রাতের খাবার ৯ টার মধ্যে কমপ্লিট হয়ে যেতে হবে.. ওদিকে ব্রেকফাস্ট সকাল ৭ টায় মাস্ট..
আমার ছেলের বয়স এখন ৮ যাকে খাবার আগে সাবান দিয়ে হাত ধোবার কথা বলতে হয়না, খেতে বসার আগে জল খাবার কথা, খেয়ে উঠে কুলকুচির কথা... শোয় যত গরমই হোক মশারিতে.. বাইরে থেকে এসে জামা বদল ও হাত পা সাবান দিয়ে ধুয়ে নেয় সে,রাতে শোবার আগে জামাবদল কিম্বা সকালে মুখ ধুয়ে নিয়েই একগ্লাস জল খাওয়া, রাতে ব্রাশ করা এসব ই সে নিজেই করে.. স্কুলের টিফিন স্টিল বাইরের খাবার নয়.. দিদি বানিয়ে দেয় সে হতে পারে এগরোল কিম্বা রুটি আলুভাজা কিম্বা চাউমিন.. মজার ব্যাপার ওর বন্ধুরা স্যান্ডুইচ বার্গার বাওলি কেক বিস্কিট ছেড়ে ওর রুটি খেতে পছন্দ করে..ছোট ছোট টুকরো করা রুটি কোনোদিন ওর দু চারপিস জোটে.. দিদি কে তাই বলেছি রুটি বেশী দিতে ?।
আমি বাইরে নিয়ে গেলে ওর বায়না কে ললবেশী পাত্তা দিইনি কখনো... বাড়ি এসে বুঝিয়েছি -তুমি যা চাইবে তা কিনতে গেলে আমায় পয়সা দিতে হবে পর্যাপ্ত পয়সা যার সাথে গেছ তার কাছে নাও থাকতে পারে,এখন না থাকলে তাঁর মন খারাপ হবে ছোট্ট বাচ্চা টা চাইল দিতে পারলাম না! বরং তুমি দেখে এস আর আমায় বলো.. আমি বাইরে গেলে তোমার সাথে কিনে দেব তখন.. ! যবে বেড়োবো ততদিনে ও ভুলেই গেছে বোধহয়... নতুন জিনিস পছন্দ হলে দাম জিজ্ঞেস করে নিজেই আস্তে করে জিজ্ঞেস করে -টাকা আছে তোমার কাছে?.. যদি বুঝি এটা নেওয়া যাবে কিনে দিই.. ৫ বার না বলার পর একবার কিনে দিলে গত ৫ টা না ও মুহুর্তে ভুলে যায়... বাবা মার অসুবিধে বোঝাতে হবে.. তুমি যা চাইছ তা আমার সাধ্যের মধ্যে নাও হতে পারে.. ছোট থেকে বোঝালেই বুঝি ভাল..
বাবা মার পরস্পরের প্রতি ব্যবহার সন্তান কে খুব এফেক্ট করে.. তাই খুব চেষ্টা করি মতান্তরে শব্দদূষন না ঘটুক.. নতুন করে বদলের তো কিছু নেই..শান্ত হয়ে আর চুপ থেকেও অনেক কিছু ইগ্নোর করা যায় সমাধান না বেরোক .. কারন সংসারে সবকিছু মনের মত হয় না! মনের মত করার চেষ্টায় যখন ব্যর্থ তখন মৌনতা দিয়ে ইগ্নোর ই বেস্ট পলিসি আমার কাছে..তবে আমার মত টা গুরুত্ব দিতে হবে সেটা শক্ত গলায় একবার জানিয়ে দেওয়া জরুরী শুধু..
-শুয়ে পড়তে নেই, শুয়ে খেতে নেই.. এতে পড়া আর খাওয়া পথ বদল করে খাওয়া মাথায় যায় আর খাওয়া মাথায়!
কাউকে কষ্ট দিতে নেই হোক সে গাছের পাতা কিম্বা একটা ব্যাঙ.অথবা বন্ধু.
এসব ই বুঝি বড় করে তোলার পার্ট...
-কার্টুনের বদলে গ্লোবে দেশ খোঁজ আর অ্যাটলাস খুঁজে দেখ দেশটা কেমন? আমি থাকিনা তাই কিছু কেনর উত্তর পেতে হলে বই আছে #হাজার_কেন? পড়ার বই দূরে থাকে বরং এসব বই কাছে থাকে জানি পড়ার বই কাছে থাকলেও খুলে দেখবে না বরং অন্যবই গুলো ইচ্ছে হলে দেখতে পারে.. তাতে লাভ বই ক্ষতি তো নেই ? অনেক ব্ল্যাঙ্ক পেপার যা খুশী আঁকো.. ব্লক দিয়ে বাড়ি বানাও গাড়ি বানাও.. ইচ্ছে হলে ছোট গল্প পড়.. টিভির কার্টুন তোমার টাইম পাশ করে এন্টারটেন করেনা বুঝি.. ভাল গান শোন.. গান মানসিক বিকাশে সাহায্য করে..
-অযথা কারুর সাথে খারাপ ব্যবহার নয়.. তবে হ্যাঁ কেউ অযথা বিরক্ত করলে ফোঁস করতে ভুল না!!
সময় এগোচ্ছে.. মার হাত ছেড়ে ক'দিন পর বাস্তবের হাত ধরবে.. তাই যত টা সময় আছে আমার সব ভাল টুকু ওকে ঠেসে ঠেসে দিয়ে যেতে চাই.. বাকি সময় বলুক হল কি না আমার মাতৃত্ব সার্থক...
Disclaimer: The views, opinions and positions (including content in any form) expressed within this post are those of the author alone. The accuracy, completeness and validity of any statements made within this article are not guaranteed. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions or representations. The responsibility for intellectual property rights of this content rests with the author and any liability with regards to infringement of intellectual property rights remains with him/her. Read more
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Pregnancy : causes of mood swings and the art of balancing life!
One fine day , when everything is going well , you miss your periods, or you just hope that you have missed your period date! So this mood of hopefulness keeps on rising day by day until you finally take a urine pregnancy test!
Describing your thoughts, feelings when you actually take a pregnancy test is beyond all the words! There is hope, there is a surprise, an uncertainty, waiting time of a few seconds that feels like hours! And Yesssss it finally shows as positive!!!!! 2 dark lines in your hands!!
And there it starts. From getting happy, emotional, overwhelmed, teary to what not! It is the time when you expect the unexpected! Life is never gonna be the same again for the would be mommies out there ;)
Rather than a mood swing, I will call all this affair a mood roller coaster in which the entire family sits together.
1 St trimester goes off by just deciding how to tell the near and dear ones, how would they react, Should I eat this, should I exercise and so many things alike. New doctor visits, new uncertainties, plenty of advice , tips, restrictions are mind boggling. To top it off , if you do have morning sickness, then nothing feels more miserable.
Then comes the second trimester which is a joy ride! Morning sickness goes off ( usually) , you are more up and about , happy! Baby bump starts showing this time around so it's all happiness with delicious cravings, baby name finding activity, some rest, travelling (as it's the safest in second trimester), and just relaxing.
As third trimester ticks in , again the discomfort, misfitting clothes, increasing weight, increased bathroom trips, midnight eating, baby n mommy bag packing, anticipation, fear regarding delivery start appearing. The more you try to be calm, the more you become anxious, impatient.
So to avoid the mood swings, anxiety in pregnancy one needs to meditate, exercise, be calm, think about one day at a time and go with the flow! After all it's the most natural and the most beautiful thing in the world! Enjoy it to the fullest! Read more
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Do You Find Your Toddler or Preschooler Swearing?
Children often pick up words from people around them, including the building watchman, the rag-picker on the road, the maid at home and so on. Here are some ways to stop your toddler and preschooler from swearing.
‘Frog’ and ‘Duck’ have probably been a part of your little one’s vocabulary for some months now. But, voila, she heard a new word today that marries her two favourite words, resulting in all the chanting all around the home. What do we do now? First of all, write 200 times that you will never ever abuse in front of the child. And then, it may not always be you. Your child is in touch with a lot of people outside your circle of control. These could be older children at home or in the building – her current role models, the sweeper at the kindergarten she goes to, the group of girls sitting in the garden every evening and so on. While she learns the best, she may also pick up the worst from them.
Not only will you hear the swear words jump out at the most inopportune of times, potty talk may be one of her chosen topic over a dinner table – that too when friends are over. What should you do?
Talk to Her Matter-Of-Factly
Do not over-react in front of her. If she sees that her words are bringing out an extreme reaction in you or those at the table, she will keep repeating it to grab attention. Explain to her matter-of-factly that it is not acceptable to say such things. Do not make the mistake of laughing at such words ever, as she then sees it as a way to ease the tension if she has done something wrong.
Spend Time with Her
Sometimes, your toddler may know that potty talk or swear words are a good way of getting your attention, and may keep repeating it. Give her attention once she is back from school, and try and gauge how her day has been. In the course of such conversations, she may also tell you about the new words she learnt during the day, and such surprises can be nipped in the bud effectively.
Teach Them the Meaning of Words
Very often, toddlers do not understand the meaning of a new word. So, they try and use it in several contexts to try and fit into the meaning corresponding to people’s reactions to the word. At such times, explain to your child the meaning of these words. Also, tell him that these words may hurt the feelings of others.
Provide Alternatives
Rather than asking her to not use the word altogether, try and understand what she means by the word and then teach her a better non-offensive word that she can use instead. And then, appreciate her whenever she uses the new word. Make games around this exercise, so that she will be encouraged to stick to the vocabulary you teach her, rather than use offensive words.
As a precautionary measure, you must also keep a close tab on the possible sources for her new undesirable vocabulary. If you see it coming from a specific person, speak to him / her and let him/her know of the consequences it has on the child.
Most important of all, she is picking up words that she hears from her parents and caregivers. Kids are known to mimic words and actions from their parents. You need to be careful as to what you speak in front of your child, and try to instill a sense of coherence and harmony when it comes to following a good language. Examples and actions, do make best teachers for growing kids. Read more
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
3 hours ago
Q. Bread feeding mother can have green tea
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
3 hours ago
A. absolutely no problem to have green tea ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Rashmi has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
3 hours ago
Q. In my growth scan doctor found that 2 round cord has been partly around baby necks. Is there any problem with this. will I get normal delivery?
Rashmi
Mom of a 9 yr 7 m old girl
3 hours ago
A. A lot of times normal delivery is actually seen in these cases also if the doctor is quick and the child cooperate then yes normal delivery is very much possible but some doctors don’t take a chance with the health of your child and so they normally suggest C-section so let’s see what’s your situation by the end when you are into your labour
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
1 hour ago
Q. I m preganant in 5 month in twin baby. Last lmp is 22/12/2023. my expected due date
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
8 mins ago
A. 29.9.24. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Sunita Mahato has added a new answer
Mom of a 1 m old child
1 hour ago
Q. #asktheexperts How to increase quantity of milk production?
Sunita Mahato
Mom of 3 children
1 hour ago
A. to increase milk take latction supplement as lactare...
take green papaya bottle gourd bitter gourd fennel seeds garlic oats ragi dalia sabudana ...
regular pumping increase milk use Babyhug electric breast pump...
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Expecting Mom due in 4 months
1 hour ago
Q. hi doctor from two days i am eating milk cream with sugar and i want to burn it in my stomach I am 5 month pregnant plzz help ??
Dr Ghouse
Paediatrician
7 mins ago
A. at present weight no exercise is other than moderate walking. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
Dr Ghouse has added a new answer
Guardian of 0 children
34 mins ago
Q. I am in my 8th month of pregnancy (last week), and for some reason I am continously facing lot of fatigue. I am feeling deprived of energy and I don't have any energy to do anything. resting isn't Helping in any way and taking small walks isn't too. what can be the possible reason and how to overcome this.
Read moreDr Ghouse
Paediatrician
9 mins ago
A. yes that can be both physical and psychological problems during pregnancy ok. if there is no relief it is better you see your doctor for proper examination particularly physical examination if there is need for doing investigations to find out the problem and treatment ok
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DJ Yaalini
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Yaal baby in traditional attire 😍
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#grandphoto
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#grandphoto
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